Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ANGIELSKII
Tryby
warunkowe
PRzYGOTOwAN
dO EGzAMINÓ IE
w
MATURA • Najważniejsze konstrukcje
wydawnictwo LINGO
Anna Treger
Repetytorium
ANGIELSKI
Tryby warunkowe
Konsultacja językowa:
Alisa Mitchel Masiejczyk
Redaktor serii: Marek Jannasz
Redakcja i korekta: Paweł Pokora, Anna Laskowska
www.jezykinieobce.pl
ISBN: 978-83-7892-327-5
Wstęp . ...................................................................................................... 4
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl 3
Wstęp
Dla osób uczących się języka angielskiego ważne jest, aby szybko i sprawnie
opanować bardziej skomplikowane konstrukcje składniowe – dzięki temu możliwa staje
się swobodna komunikacja w tym języku. Nie jest to wcale takie trudne. Aby się o tym
wymagany na maturze oraz egzaminach takich jak First Certificate in English czy
Opłaca się poświęcić nieco trudu nauce gramatyki – bez wątpienia zaowocuje to
krótki test sprawdzający, który pozwoli Ci zorientować się, jakim zagadnieniom musisz
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
swoje odpowiedzi.
Angielskie tryby warunkowe nie będą miały teraz dla Ciebie tajemnic!
Z życzeniami sukcesów
Autorka
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Sprawdź się
Wykonaj ćwiczenia na następnych trzech stronach i sprawdź swoją
wiedzę. Pomogą Ci one ocenić, na czym należy się skoncentrować
w nauce zagadnień przedstawionych w tej książce.
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Sprawdź się
8. If Chloe __________ her ankle, she would be playing in the quarter-finals tomorrow.
a) didn’t sprain b) wouldn’t have sprained c) hadn’t sprained
10. If Chris __________ such a good friend, he would support you, no matter what.
a) were b) had been c) would have been
14. You won’t lose weight if you __________ on eating high-calorie food.
a) keep b) will keep c) would keep
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
16. The electricity __________ cut off if they had paid the bill.
a) wouldn’t have b) wouldn’t have been c) had been
17. If I __________ in your shoes, I would probably never speak to him again.
a) am b) will c) were
18. If you __________ your bachelor’s degree, apply for a graduate program.
a) will complete b) have completed c) completed
3. You may return any item __________ you bring the receipt.
a) suppose b) unless c) as long as
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Sprawdź się
11. I will lend you the money __________ you pay it back in a week.
a) on condition that b) otherwise c) in case
15. You can reproduce my article __________ you give me credit for it.
a) unless b) or else c) as long as
10. If she __________ her mind, she would have been better off.
a) doesn’t change b) didn’t change c) hadn’t changed
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Wprowadzenie
Tryby warunkowe należą do konstrukcji dość trudnych dla Polaków. Np. w języku
polskim właściwie nie zaznacza się (odkąd wyszło z powszechnego użycia wyrażenie typu
„zrobiłbym był, zaprosiłbym był”) różnica między zdaniami warunkowymi drugiego
i trzeciego typu, np.:
If he runs for President, he will need our support (czas teraźniejszy+czas przyszły).
Jeśli będzie ubiegać się o urząd prezydenta, będzie potrzebował naszego wsparcia.
(czas przyszły+czas przyszły).
W zdaniu: “If he runs for President, he will need our support” – “If he runs for President” jest
zdaniem podrzędnym, a “he will need our support” zdaniem nadrzędnym.
If+warunek+rezultat
bądź
Resultat+if+warunek
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Wprowadzenie
Uwaga: Jeśli jako pierwsze w zdaniu warunkowym występuje zdanie nadrzędne, to zazwyczaj
stawiamy po nim przecinek (“If I am happy, I smile a lot”). W przeciwnym
wypadku (pierwsze jest zdanie podrzędne) przecinka nie stawia się (“I smile if I am happy”).
Conditional limerick
Of conditional tenses there are three,
the first is a real possibility
It’s ‘if’ plus will,
for example: ‘you’ll be ill,
if you eat too much’, you see.
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1. Zdania warunkowe I typu
Forma podstawowa
Present Simple w zdaniu podrzędnym i nadrzędnym oznacza, że dana czynność lub sytuacja
jest powszednia.
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Zdania warunkowe I typu
Zastosowanie
Rozróżniamy dwa rodzaje okresów warunkowych I typu
1) Zdania, które mówią o powtarzającym się stanie rzeczy, stałych prawdach (ten typ zdań
nazywany jest niekiedy zerowym okresem warunkowym).
This soup tastes better if you use fresh herbs and spices.
Ta zupa lepiej smakuje, jeśli użyjesz świeżych ziół i przypraw.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
If you keep that window open, your parrot might fly out.
Jeśli to okno będzie otwarte, twoja papuga może odfrunąć.
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Zdania warunkowe I typu
If you are looking for Sue, you will find her in the garden.
Jeśli szukasz Sue, znajdziesz ją w ogrodzie.
Obok spójnika if w zdaniu warunkowym pierwszego typu stosuje się również when.
W odniesieniu do teraźniejszości użycie if sugeruje, że coś dzieje się stosunkowo rzadko,
podczas gdy when sugeruje, że coś zdarza się systematycznie, np.:
When you come, I will show you the pictures of the Tatras.
Kiedy przyjdziesz, pokażę ci zdjęcia Tatr.
(pokażę ci zdjęcia wtedy, kiedy przyjdziesz do mnie przy okazji twojej wizyty u mnie).
Uwaga: Kiedy zdanie warunkowe zaczyna się od zdania podrzędnego, wówczas „then” może
być postawione przed zdaniem nadrzędnym, np. If it rains, then we will stay at home.
W zdaniach warunkowych pierwszego typu możemy stosować shall zamiast will, ale tylko
po pierwszej osobie w liczbie pojedynczej i mnogiej.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
Ćwiczenia
1. Uzupełnij zdania odpowiednią formą czasowników podanych w nawiasach.
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Zdania warunkowe I typu
5. If you cheat in the exam, you (get) expelled from the university.
6. If they offer me a full-time job, I (not hesitate) to take it.
7. If he (renew) his contract, then he will earn an annual salary of £125000.
8. Don’t blame me, if we (lose).
9. If it (be) true that that he is lying, I will never speak to him.
10. If he (agree) to testify, we will offer him immunity.
1. get fat
2. damage your health
3. change into larger jeans
4. become sluggish
5. suffer from indigestion
6. people make comments at you
A B
1. anyone is interested a. there isn’t much to save?
2. you can work under pressure b. you don’t pay what you owe me.
3. How do you save money c. they invite us to talk.
4. you want to keep this job d. feel free to ask me.
5. it is Monday e. here is the link which explains it in depth.
6. she comes round, f. join our team.
7. you plagiarise someone else’s work g. you will do as I tell you.
8. We will accept the invitation h. I will persuade her to change her mind.
9. you have any questions i. then the museum is closed.
10. I will take you to court j. you will be punished.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
1. You (not get) this job if you don’t apply for it.
2. They won’t tell you if you (not ask).
3. I (not help) her if she doesn’t open up to me.
4. He will never know how it feels if he (not try).
5. We (lose) if we don’t do anything about it.
6. If you smile at people, they (smile) back.
7. I won’t buy these shoes for you if you (not promise) to wear them more than
once.
8. I will never talk to you again if you (not apologise) for what you have done.
9. You (not get) a place there at the weekend if you don’t reserve it in advance.
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Zdania warunkowe I typu
10. It may take years to get an interesting role if you (not know) the right people.
11. I (not give) you a lift if you don’t fasten the seat belt.
12. If you aren’t assertive enough, people (treat) you as a doormat.
13. If you (want) to win the election, you must talk to people.
14. They (leave) us if we don’t provoke them.
15. Your car (be) towed away if you park here.
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2. Zdania warunkowe II typu
Podstawowa forma
Past Simple w zdaniu podrzędnym i nadrzędnym oznacza, że dana czynność lub sytuacja
zdarzała się co jakiś czas.
Zastosowanie
Zdań warunkowych II typu używamy wtedy, gdy mówimy o nierealnych lub wyimaginowanych
sytuacjach w teraźniejszości oraz o wydarzeniach mało prawdopodobnych, choć teoretycznie
możliwych w przyszłości.
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Zdania warunkowe II typu
If we missed the bus, we would have to wait 20 minutes for the next one.
Gdybyśmy się spóźnili na autobus, musielibyśmy czekać 20 minut na następny.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
Ćwiczenia
10. Ułóż zdania warunkowe zgodnie z wzorem.
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Zdania warunkowe II typu
11. Wpisz w puste rubryki zdania warunkowe opierające się na faktach podanych po lewej
stronie tabeli.
They won’t go snorkeling at Flower Island because they can’t afford it.
If they could afford it, they would go snorkeling at Flower Island.
Once upon a time the sheep complained to the shepherd about the difference
in his treatment of themselves and his Dog. „Your conduct,“ said they, „is very
strange and, we think, very unfair. We provide you with wool and lambs and milk
and you give us nothing but grass, and even that we have to find for ourselves: but
you get nothing at all from the Dog, and yet you feed him with tit-bits from your
own table.“ Their remarks were overheard by the Dog, who spoke up at once and
said, „Yes, and quite right, too: where you (be)1 if it (not be)2 for me? Thieves
(steal)3 you! Wolves (eat)4 you! Indeed, if I (not keep)5 constant watch over you,
you (be)6 too terrified even to graze!“ The Sheep were obliged to acknowledge
that he spoke the truth, and never again made a grievance of the regard in which
he was held by his master.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
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Zdania warunkowe II typu
16. Uzupełnij zdania w poniższym liście podanymi w nawiasie czasownikami tak, aby
utworzyć zdania warunkowe.
Dear Kate,
To start with, I am a married woman, with a very caring and protective husband
to whom I’ve been married for over five years. It (be)1 a very happy marriage if my
mother-in-law (not be)2 around so often. She is an awful, confrontational person.
I have always gone out of my way to please her but that was never appreciated.
Whenever she (see)3 me she (criticise)4 everything: the way I cook, dress, run the
house – nothing I do ever seems good enough to her. If it (not be)5 for
anti-depressants, I (not have)6 a normal life.
Fortunately my husband acknowledges that his mother is “difficult” and tries to
be supportive, but he doesn’t really realise how much she is hurting me.
Now my mother-in-law is throwing a party for her 59th birthday. If I (go)7 to
the party, I (be)8 involved in all the things I am scared of – her, her remarks and
spite. If I (no do)9, I (put)10 my husband in the position of choosing sides.
On the other hand, on many occasions she has made it clear that I am not
welcome in her house.
This is really eating me up inside. What should I do?
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3. Zdania warunkowe III typu
Podstawowa forma
If he had been studying hard, he would have been accepted into the university.
Gdyby dużo się uczył, zostałby przyjęty na uniwersytet.
Zastosowanie
Zdań warunkowych III typu używamy, aby wyrazić domniemania na temat przeszłości.
Zdania te to czyste hipotezy, odnoszące się do tego, co mogłoby się wydarzyć
w przeszłości, gdyby został spełniony pewien warunek.
If they had paid the rent, they wouldn’t have had any problems.
Gdyby zapłacili czynsz, nie mieliby żadnych problemów.
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Zdania warunkowe III typu
If we had known that you were leaving, we would have thrown a party for you.
Gdybyśmy wiedzieli, że wyjeżdzasz, urządzilibyśmy dla ciebie imprezę.
If you had stayed at home, you might have avoided a lot of trouble.
Gdybyś został w domu, mógłbyś uniknąć wielu problemów.
If she hadn’t gone to the party, she wouldn’t have met Tom.
Gdyby nie poszła na to przyjęcie, nie poznałaby Toma.
If I had known you were going to come back so late, I wouldn’t have waited for you.
Gdybym wiedział, że wrócisz tak późno, nie czekałbym na ciebie.
If Simon had been satisfied, he wouldn’t have been complaining about the bad service.
Gdyby Simon był zadowolony, nie narzekałby na złą obsługę.
Ćwiczenia
17. Ułóż zdania zgodnie z wzorem:
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
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Zdania warunkowe III typu
3. My in-laws may visit us tomorrow. I hope they won’t because we are planning
to go to the sauna.
a) If my in-laws visit us, we won’t go to the sauna.
b) If my in-laws visited us, we wouldn’t go to the sauna.
c) If my in-laws had visited us, we wouldn’t have gone to the sauna.
7. I have prospects of being accepted into the university. I must only study hard.
a) If I had studied hard, I would have been accepted into the university.
b) If I studied hard, I would be accepted into the university.
c) If I study hard, I will be accepted into the university.
20. Wybierz spośród dwóch możliwości odpowiednie wyrażenie tak, aby powstało
poprawne zdanie warunkowe.
3. If the police hadn’t been/wouldn’t have been tipped off, the gangster wouldn’t have
been/hadn’t been caught.
4. If I had/would have locked the door, my flat hadn’t been/wouldn’t have been
burgled.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
21. Uzupełnij środkową część zdania stwierdzeniami 1-6 tak, aby uzyskać zdania
warunkowe 3 typu.
If I had studied hard __________ but I didn’t study hard and didn’t have the
grades to get into college.
If I had studied hard, I would have studied astronomy but I didn’t study hard
and didn’t have the grades to get into college.
hadn’t been, had chosen, hadn’t provoked, had had, had been brought up,
had taken, had paid attention, hadn’t spilt
23. W poniższych przykładach a-e ułóż zdania warunkowe w taki sposób, aby uzyskać
logiczny ciąg wydarzeń.
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Zdania warunkowe III typu
a)
Teacher: “Now, Harrison, if your father (borrow)1 £10 from me and (pay)2 me
back £1 a month, at the end of six months how much he (owe)3 me?”
Harrison: “£10, Sir.”
Teacher: “I’m afraid you don’t know much about arithmetic, Harrison.”
Harrison: “I’m afraid you don’t know much about my father, Sir.”
b)
“If you (be)1 going to work here, young man,” said the boss, “one thing you must
learn is that we are very keen on cleanliness in this firm.
Did you wipe your feet on the mat as you came in? “Oh, yes, Sir.”
“And another thing we are very keen on is truthfulness: There is no mat.”
c)
Teacher: “You can’t sleep in class.”
Girl: “No, but if you (not talk)1 so loudly I (can)2.”
d)
An economics professor and a student were strolling through the campus.
“Look,” the student cried, “there’s a $100 bill on the path!”
“No, you are mistaken,” the wiser head replied. “That cannot be. If there (be)1
actually a $100 bill, someone (pick)2 it up.”
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4. Dodatkowe uwagi
o właściwościach zdań
warunkowych
Will i would
If you will wait a moment (=please wait a moment), I will get your file.
Proszę poczekać chwilę, przyniosę panu dokumentację.
I would be most grateful if you would email me a rough estimate (=please send
me a rough estimate).
Byłbym bardzo wdzięczny, gdyby przesłał mi pan przybliżony kosztorys.
If you won’t talk about it (= if you refuse to talk about it), I won’t be able
to help you.
Jeśli nie chcesz o tym porozmawiać, nie będę w stanie ci pomóc.
But for
Człon podrzędny zdania warunkowego III typu można zastąpić wyrażeniem z but for
(=if it hadn’t been for) np.:
But for the quick reaction of the police, the thieves wouldn’t have been caught.
Gdyby nie szybka reakcja policji, złodzieje nie zostaliby złapani.
He might have won the competition but for the wind blowing in the wrong direction.
Mógłby wygrać konkurs, gdyby wiatr nie wiał w złym kierunku.
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Dodatkowe uwagi o właściwościach zdań warunkowych
But for his charm, I would have never agreed to such a ridiculous proposal.
Gdyby nie jego urok, nigdy bym się nie zgodziła na tak śmieszną propozycję.
But for the fog, the plane wouldn’t have landed in Balice.
Gdyby nie mgła, samolot nie wylądowałby w Balicach.
Ćwiczenia
26. Zastąp człon podrzędny zdania warunkowego zaczynającego się na if, zdaniem z but for.
1. If there hadn’t been the flood, they wouldn’t have lost everything.
2. If there hadn’t been the war, we wouldn’t have moved to the USA.
3. If there hadn’t been the televised presidential debates, Kennedy wouldn’t have
been elected.
4. If there hadn’t been the discount, I wouldn’t have bought the car.
5. If there hadn’t been the tip, the police wouldn’t have caught the criminals.
Dozwolone jest posiłkowanie się słowem should w zdaniach podrzędnych okresu warunko-
wego. If + should podkreśla, że wydarzenie lub sytuacja są niezbyt prawdopodobne, jak
również sprawia, że prośba nabiera bardziej taktownego zabarwienia.
If you should go out in such a weather, make sure you close the windows.
Gdybyś miał wyjść w taką pogodę, upewnij się, czy zamknąłeś okna.
If you happen not to do well in the exam, you can take it again.
Gdyby nie powiodło ci się na egzaminie, możesz przystąpić do niego ponownie.
If you should happen to pass a supermarket, could you get me some milk?
Gdybyś przypadkiem mijał supermarket, kupisz mi mleko?
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
Posłużenie się If (I) were to również powoduje, że omawiane przyszłe sytuacje wydają się
mniej prawdopodobne.
Wyrażenie if it weren’t for odpowiada polskiemu bez. Przeważnie używa się go w zdaniach
warunkowych drugiego typu.
1. But for/If it hadn’t been his injured leg, he would have played in the final.
2. If your order should/were to be delayed, please contact us.
3. If anyone were to/should call me, tell them to leave me a message.
4. If she had had/If it hadn’t been for her good looks, she would have never got
anywhere.
5. If it weren’t for/But for my dog, I would never jog.
6. If we were to open/ But for our opening a restaurant, it would be a tea and cake
shop.
7. If he should drink/If it hadn’t been for his drinking, all of what happened wouldn’t
have taken place.
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5. Inwersja w zdaniach
warunkowych
W zdaniach warunkowych III typu, a także w zdaniach z should, were to, można
zastosować inwersję. Wówczas należy obowiązkowo pominąć spójnik if. Tę konstrukcję
spotyka się w języku oficjalnym.
If she were to accept this suggestion, the business would grow at high speed.
Were she to accept this suggestion, the business would grow at high speed
Gdyby przyjęła tę propozycję, biznes szybko by się rozwinął.
If they were to record a new album, it would be a huge success. Were they to
record a new album, it would be a huge success
Gdyby nagrali nowy album, odniósłby on wielki sukces.
If Janet should have another baby, she would quit her job Should Janet have
another baby, she would quit her job.
Gdyby Janet urodziła kolejne dziecko, to zrezygnuje z pracy.
If you had heard his passionate words, you would have been fooled yourself.
Had you heard his passionate words, you would have been fooled yourself.
Gdybyś słyszał jego płomienne słowa, sam dałbyś się nabrać.
Jeśli stosujemy inwersję w zdaniach warunkowych, nie możemy użyć przeczenia w formie
ściągniętej i dlatego powiemy:
Had I not been so tired, I wouldn’t have slept through the ring.
Gdybym nie był taki zmęczony, nie przespałbym dzwonka (telefonu).
Had he not been released from hospital too early, he wouldn’t have had
a relapse.
Gdyby nie zwolniono go zbyt wcześnie ze szpitala, nie miałby nawrotu choroby.
ale:
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
Ćwiczenia
28. Wyrażenia wydrukowane kursywą zastąp inną konstrukcją.
Prócz if również inne słowa i wyrażenia mogą być używane w zdaniach warunkowych.
Do najczęściej spotykanych należą: unless (=if not), provided that/providing/as long as
(=only if), supposing/suppose (=what if), on condition that, in case, in case of,
or else (=if not/otherwise), otherwise (=if not), whether … or (if … or).
You can have it in any color you want as long as it’s black.
Możesz to mieć w każdym kolorze pod warunkiem, że będzie czarne.
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Inwersja w zdaniach warunkowych
You can have a day off on condition that you finish the report by Monday.
Możesz dostać dzień wolny pod warunkiem, że skończysz ten raport przed
poniedziałkiem.
In case (na wypadek gdyby), ma znaczenie różne od samego if. Kiedy posługujemy się
in case, wyraźnie dajemy do zrozumienia, że jakaś czynność powinna albo będzie podjęta,
aby sprostać pewnym możliwym okolicznościom, np. zapobiec czemuś niechcianemu.
Zdania powyższe mają różne zabarwienie znaczeniowe. Pierwsze zaleca przezorność – np.
w nieznanej (być może słabo zaludnionej okolicy) korzystaj z pierwszej nadarzającej się
okazji i dokładnie wypytaj się o drogę (okazja może się nie powtórzyć i będziesz nocować
pod gołym niebem). Drugie jest raczej banalną radą (ma jednak sens w przypadku nieśmiałej
osoby). Kiedy zabłądzisz, schowaj do kieszeni swoje kompleksy i pytaj o drogę.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
4. __________ you have failed again, would you try one more time?
5. Everyone is welcome here __________ they abide by the rules below.
6. I will go for this job __________ I am paid well.
7. I will attend the conference __________ you reimburse me for my travel
expenses.
8. Online banking is secure __________ you take precautions.
9. I will record the film __________ you miss it.
10. Wake up, __________ you will be late for school.
11. They will be back tomorrow __________ there is a bus strike.
12. Quit __________ I will fire you.
A B
1. Take a torch a. the weather changes.
2. Pack wind-proof clothes b. you need to treat an injury.
3. Keep this compass c. it rains.
4. Take a raincoat d. mosquitoes are biting.
5. Take a painkiller e. you need to keep warm.
6. Pack insect repellent f. you get a headache.
7. Carry a knife g. the power goes out.
8. Bring a blanket h. you get lost in the woods.
9. Prepare a first-aid kit i. you have to sleep out overnight.
10. Carry a sleeping bag j. you have to cut something.
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Inwersja w zdaniach warunkowych
A B C
I will give you a ring you don’t get this job?
Tony takes a day off if you know anything.
I will be fired he is ill.
He will become the world
champion when you change the way you eat.
What will you do something unexpected happens.
I will pay my overdraft off as soon as I don’t get this in tomorrow.
You won’t lose your weight I get there.
Please, send me a message unless I get the money.
34. Przekształć zdania 1-15, używając każdorazowo wyrażenia podanego wytłuszczonym drukiem.
3. If you by any chance see Michael, tell him to get in touch with his old friends.
should _______________________________________________________________
8. He sped along at over 100 miles per hour. He ran into a ditch.
not __________________________________________________________________
9. If you were willing to help me with the washing-up, I would appreciate it.
would _______________________________________________________________
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
11. Will you please wait? The doctor will see you in 5 minutes.
will ________________________________________________________________
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6. Zdania warunkowe
mieszane
Istnieją również zdania warunkowe, które pod względem znaczeniowym oraz użycia cza-
sów nie dają się przyporządkować do kategorii wcześniej omówionych. W tym przypadku
mówimy o zdaniach warunkowych mieszanych. W zdaniach tych zestawiamy czas przeszły
z teraźniejszym lub przyszłym, czas teraźniejszy z przeszłym oraz przyszły z przeszłym.
Past+Present
If she hadn’t pulled off her gloves, her fingers wouldn’t be numb now.
Gdyby nie ściągnęła rękawiczek, jej palce nie byłyby teraz zdrętwiałe.
If more people had participated in the survey, the results would be more
meaningful.
Gdyby więcej ludzi uczestniczyło w tej ankiecie, rezultaty byłyby bardziej znaczące.
Past+Future
If she hadn’t broken the terms of the contract, they wouldn’t be taking legal
action against her.
Gdyby nie złamała warunków umowy, nie podejmowaliby przeciwko niej kroków
prawnych.
If the ATM hadn’t eaten my card, I wouldn’t have to go to the bank tomorrow.
Gdyby bankomat nie połknął mojej karty, nie musiałbym jutro iść do banku.
If he had been a better student, he would continue his education this autumn.
Gdyby był lepszym studentem, kontynuowałby naukę tej jesieni.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
Present+Past
If she knew the right people, she would have got this job.
Gdyby znała odpowiednie osoby, dostałaby tę pracę.
Ćwiczenia
35. Każdą parę zdań 1-15 połącz w zdanie warunkowe mieszane.
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Zdania warunkowe mieszane
14. Martha doesn’t know what she wants. She didn’t make up her mind.
15. She sings very well. She participated in a music competition.
1. If I hadn’t eaten that extra helping of spaghetti, I (not be) sick today.
2. If she (not be) claustrophobic, she would have kept the doors closed.
3. If I trusted him, I (let) him into my life.
4. If I had passed the driving test, I (drive) a car now.
5. If Jack (not eat) all the onions, he wouldn’t have a stomach upset.
6. If our salaries were 10 times what they are now, we (buy) that house then.
7. If he (not be) afraid of heights, he would have climbed the stairs to the top of the
tower.
8. If she had made it to the US open finals, she (be) now in the top 10.
9. If Carl (tell) them the secret, he would be in trouble now.
10. If I hadn’t written the passage so poorly, I (not have) to paraphrase it now.
11. If I (be) a few years younger, I would have asked her out.
12. If I (study) Latin, it would be easier for me to learn other Romance languages.
13. If Luke (go) to hospital, he would feel better now.
14. If Alison (change) her tyres for winter ones, she wouldn’t be sliding sideways.
15. If you hadn’t left your umbrella at home, you (not be) soaking wet now.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
38. Dopasuj zdania z kolumny A do tych z kolumny B tak, aby zbudować zdania
warunkowe mieszane typu Past+Present i Present+Past.
A B
1. He didn’t fix the roof. a. I don’t trust her.
2. Kate is not careful with money. b. She didn’t keep it to herself.
3. We smoke. c. She knows the world so well.
4. Chloe travelled extensively with her family. d. We bought the nicotine patches.
5. She let me down. e. He was tempted by the dessert.
6. Ryan doesn’t have a sense of humour. f. The square is poorly lit now.
7. We messed it up. g. She ran up huge debts.
8. She is not discreet. h. It is leaking now.
9. They didn’t repair the streetlights. i. He didn’t laugh at that joke.
10. Tom likes sweets. j. We are in this quandary to begin
with.
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7. Zdania warunkowe
w mowie zależnej
Czasy w zdaniach warunkowych pierwszego typu przytoczonych w mowie zależnej
zmieniają się zgodnie z ogólnymi zasadami, np.:
“If you put your mind to it, you will succeed,” she said to him.
„Jeśli się przyłożysz, to ci się uda” – powiedziała mu.
She told him that if he put his mind to it, he would succeed.
Powiedziała mu, że jeśli się przyłoży, to mu się uda.
“If she finds out, you will get into trouble,” he told me.
„Jeśli się ona dowie, wpadniesz w kłopoty” – powiedział mi.
“Your food will get cold if you don’t eat faster,” her mum told her.
„Wystygnie ci jedzenie, jeśli nie będziesz jadła szybciej” – powiedziała jej mama.
Her mum told her that her food would get cold if she didn’t eat it faster.
Mama powiedziała jej, że wystygnie jej jedzenie, jeśli nie będzie jadła szybciej.
Czasy w zdaniach warunkowych drugiego typu nie zmieniają się, jeśli opisują sytuację
możliwą choć mało realną. Jest to zasada będąca wyjątkiem. Gdybyśmy zastosowali zwykłe
reguły transformacji zmieniłby się sens tych zdań.
a) Zdanie bazowe:
Jill said that she would have been disappointed if he had forgotten her birthday.
Jill powiedziała, że byłaby rozczarowana, gdyby on zapomniał (był) o jej urodzi-
nach (ale nie zapomniał).
c) Zdanie przekształcone na mowę zależną bez zmiany czasów i, co za tym idzie, bez zna-
czenia zdania bazowego.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
I told her that she would feel better if she lost weight.
Powiedziałem jej, że poczułaby się lepiej, gdyby schudła.
“If I were you, I wouldn’t trust people so easily,” Bob told him.
„Gdybym był tobą, to nie ufałbym ludziom tak łatwo” – powiedział Bob.
Bob told him that if he had been him, he wouldn’t have trusted people so easily.
Bob powiedział mu, że gdyby był nim, to nie ufałby ludziom tak łatwo.
Jed said that if he had been younger, he would have travelled the world.
Jed powiedział, że gdyby był młodszy, to podróżowałby po świecie.
She said that he would have agreed with her if he had been there.
Powiedziała, że zgodziłby się z nią, gdyby tam był.
“If I were to tell you what happened, you wouldn’t believe me,” she said.
„Gdybym ci powiedział, co się wydarzyło, nie uwierzyłbyś mi” – powiedziała.
She said that if she were to tell me what had happened, I wouldn’t believe her.
Powiedziała, że gdyby powiedziała mi, co się wydarzyło, nie uwierzyłbym jej.
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Zdania warunkowe w mowie zależnej
“If she were to move abroad, she would only be able to get an unskilled job,”
Tom said.
„Gdyby wyjechała zagranicę, to mogłaby tylko dostać pracę niewymagającą
kwalifikacji – powiedział Tom.
Tom said that if she were to move abroad, she would only be able to get an
unskilled job.
Tom powiedział, że gdyby wyjechała zagranicę, to mogłaby tylko dostać pracę
niewymagającą kwalifikacji.
“If she were to drop out of college, her parents would be devastated,” he told me.
„Gdyby rzuciła studia, jej rodzice byliby zdruzgotani” – powiedział mi.
He told me that if she were to drop out of college, her parents would be
devastated.
Powiedział mi, że gdyby rzuciła studia, to jej rodzice byliby zdruzgotani.
Czasy w zdaniach warunkowych trzeciego typu nie zmieniają się w mowie zależnej.
“If you had done it the right way, you wouldn’t have been in such a mess,” said
Patrick.
„Gdybyś to zrobił we właściwy sposób, nie byłbyś w tak trudnej sytuacji”
– powiedział Patrick.
Patrick said that if I had done it the right way, I wouldn’t have been in such
a mess.
Patrick powiedział, że gdybym to zrobił we właściwy sposób, to nie byłbym w tak
trudnej sytuacji.
“If she had been more understanding, they wouldn’t have drifted apart,” I said.
„Gdyby była bardziej wyrozumiała, nie rozstaliby się” – powiedziałem.
I said that if she had been more understanding, they wouldn’t have drifted apart.
Powiedziałem, że gdyby była bardziej wyrozumiała, to nie rozstaliby się.
“If he hadn’t had so much to drink, he wouldn’t have insulted them all,” Mrs
Bloom said.
„Gdyby tyle nie pił, to nie obraziłby ich wszystkich” – powiedziała pani Bloom.
Mrs Bloom said that if he hadn’t had so much to drink, he wouldn’t have
insulted them all.
Pani Bloom powiedziała, że gdyby tyle nie pił, to nie obraziłby ich wszystkich.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
Ćwiczenia
39. Przekształć poniższe zdania warunkowe na mowę zależną.
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Zdania warunkowe w mowie zależnej
50
8. Powtórzenie i ugruntowanie
wiadomości – ćwiczenia
41. Uzupełnij zdania warunkowe zerowego typu, używając odpowiednich form
czasowników podanych w nawiasach.
1. The dog _________ (bark) if anyone new _________ (come) into the house.
2. When things _________ (go) wrong, Tom _________ (blame) everyone but
himself.
5. An alarm _________ (go) off if you _________ (not fasten) the seat belt.
6. When they _________ (visit) us, they _________ (bring) a bottle of wine.
7. If you _________ (leave) the cap off a bottle of soda, it _________ (go) flat.
8. When you _________ (cross) a time zone line, the time _________ (change).
10. When Audrey _________ (be) angry, she _________ (say) the most hurtful
things.
12. When we _________ (go) to the cinema, we always _________ (buy) popcorn.
14. She _________ (eat) everything she _________ (see) when she _________ (get)
upset.
18. Jack _________ (hold) a button and _________ (make) a wish when he
_______ (see) a chimney sweeper.
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Powtór zenie i ugr untowanie wiadomości – ćwiczenia
19. When the moon _________ (be) full, the tide _________ (be) high.
20. When you _________ (shake) a fizzy drink before opening it, it _________
(explode).
2. If you ___________ (go) away for some time, ___________ (ask) your friend to
keep an eye on your house.
4. If you ___________ (not score) at least 50 percent on this test, you ___________
(not graduate).
5. If you ___________ (buy) two items, you ___________ (get) 30% off on the
cheaper one.
10. Your computer ___________ (crash) if you ___________ (not update) the virus
protection.
12. You ___________ (look) better if you ___________ (put) on a little make-up.
14. If you ___________ (not leave) immediately, I ___________ (call) the police.
15. If the weather ___________ (be) fine, the harvest ___________ (be) good.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
1. You are going out but you are afraid that it may rain. Your father tells you to
take an umbrella.
He says: Take an umbrella in case _______________________ .
2. Your sister’s little son is crying because he doesn’t want to go to bed. You know
that he likes to be read bedtime stories.
You say: He won’t go to bed unless _______________________ .
4. A friend of yours asks you to lend him/her some money. You agree but he/she
must pay it back next week.
You say: I will lend you the money as long as _______________________ .
5. You asks your younger brother to wash your car. He tells you that he won’t do it
if you don’t pay him.
He says: I won’t wash your car unless _______________________ .
6. Your partner asks you if you are going to accept a new job offer. You say yes, if
it’s still there.
You reply: I’m going to accept the job offer assuming _____________________ .
44. Przeczytaj uważnie zdania 1-10. W każdym zestawie odpowiednio uzupełnij luki
w drugim zdaniu na podstawie analizy treści pierwszego.
2. Promise me you will get back home before midnight. Then I will let you go.
I ________________ on condition that ________________________ .
3. First agree that everyone pays for themselves. Then I will go out to dinner
with you.
I ___________________ provided that ______________________ .
5. Just tell me where she is. Then I won’t bother you again.
I ________________ if ________________ .
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Powtór zenie i ugr untowanie wiadomości – ćwiczenia
7. You must tell me the truth. Only then will I be able to help you.
I ________________ only if ________________ .
8. You must believe in what you do. Then you can succeed.
If ________________________ you ____________________ .
9. Jog everyday for at least 30 minutes. Only then will you be able to run
a marathon.
You ________________ only if ______________________ .
10. You must graduate from a law school in the top 10%. Then you will be able
to find a job in a good law firm.
You _______________________ if _______________________ .
1. I’m the sort of person who always runs out of money, so ________ I’m broke,
I ask my parents for help.
2. I’m very careful about how I spend my money. However, ________ I’m broke,
I ask my parents for help.
3. My partner hardly ever helps around the house. ________ he does, he expects
me to do him a favour.
4. My partner usually helps around the house. ________ he does, it’s him who
does the dishes.
5. They are so lucky to be able to go on holiday each summer. ________ they do,
it’s always in the mountains.
6. They really don’t get a chance to travel much. ________ they go on any holiday,
it’s to the sea for a few days.
7. I don’t like Coke too much. ________ I ever drink it, I make sure it’s Coke Zero.
8. I can’t go a day without a Coke. ________ I drink it, it’s either a diet Coke
or Coke Light.
9. He doesn’t read much these days. However, ________ he does, he reads the
sports pages or TV schedule.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
7. I always carry a flashlight while trekking ________ night catches me on the track.
8. You will get blisters ________ your shoes rub against your feet.
10. I will call you back ________ you give me your phone number.
1. Don’t touch the iron, or else you will burn your fingers.
__________________________________________________________________ .
2. Don’t eat sweets before lunch, or else you will ruin your appetite.
__________________________________________________________________ .
4. Don’t stay in the sun too long, or else you will get a sunburn.
__________________________________________________________________ .
5. Don’t ride your bike on the pavement, or else you will get a ticket.
__________________________________________________________________ .
6. Don’t leave your socks on the floor, or else I will throw them out.
__________________________________________________________________ .
7. Don’t take hot baths, or else you will irritate your skin.
__________________________________________________________________ .
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Powtór zenie i ugr untowanie wiadomości – ćwiczenia
10. Don’t wear new shoes more than an hour at a time, or else your feet will hurt.
_________________________________________________________________ .
48. Uzupełnij zdania warunkowe drugiego typu, używając odpowiednich form czasowników
podanych w nawiasach.
3. Even if he were the last man left on earth, I ___________ (not marry) him.
10. What would you wear if you ___________ (be) invited to a cocktail party?
12. If I ___________ (can be) anyone for a day, I would like to be my mother.
13. If she weren’t the boss’s daughter, she ___________ (have) to work like
everyone else.
14. Paul could be more successful if he ___________ (be) more committed to his
duties.
15. If I ___________ (not feel) bad about it, I would spend the whole weekend
watching TV.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
17. What would you do if you only ___________ (have) one day to see the Grand
Canyon?
49. Uzupełnij zdania warunkowe drugiego typu, używając odpowiednich form czasowników
podanych w nawiasach.
1. If you _________ (have) more common sense, you _________ (stop) drinking.
3. If the shirt _________ (be) a bit longer, it _________ (look) good on you.
4. The world _________ (be) a better place if we _________ (take) better care of it.
5. I _________ (cycle) to work more often if there _________ (be) more bike
routes.
9. If you really _________ (want) to find a job, you _________ (can) do it easily.
10. If it _________ (not be) for my garden, I _________ (find) it unbearable to live
in town.
11. I _________ (keep) a diary if I _________ (not be) afraid that someone may
read it.
12. If she _________ (be) more independent, she _________ (not need) you so
much.
50. Które z każdej pary zdań a), b) prawidłowo odnosi sie do treści zdania wprowadzającego?
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Powtór zenie i ugr untowanie wiadomości – ćwiczenia
9. If you will sign here, I will take this offer to the manager.
a) It is a polite request.
b) It’s a warning. If you don’t sign, I won’t take this offer to the manager.
11. If you have finished tidying your room, you can go out and play.
a) You can go out and play only if you tidy your room.
b) Now that you room is tidy, you can go out and play.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
2. Making your own website is relatively simple ______________ you know how
to do it.
(unless/provided that/imagine)
5. ______________ she agrees to marry you, how are you going to provide for your
family?
(On condition that/Providing/Assuming that)
6. I’m not going to let her go to that party ______________ she begs. It’s
dangerous out there.
(even if/ providing/assuming)
7. ______________ you knew me, you would know how wrong you are!
(Imagine/If only/What if)
8. You are not allowed to buy or drink alcohol ______________ you are of age.
(if not/even if/unless)
11. Keep the cats away from the vase ______________ they will knock it off.
(unless/or else/even if)
12. ______________ you lose your job? How will you be able to pay off the loan?
(What if/Even if/If only)
52. Rozstrzygnij która z opcji pisanych kursywą i oddzielonych ukośnikiem jest poprawna
w każdym ze zdań 1-15.
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Powtór zenie i ugr untowanie wiadomości – ćwiczenia
7. But for/In case of the storm, the roof wouldn’t have been blown off the
building.
8. If only/Supposing your best friend let you down, would you give him/her a
second chance?
9. Should a fire break out/But for the fire, please leave the building immediately.
10. Come in and see me as long as you are/if you happen to be in town.
11. Providing/Imagine that you have just won millions of pounds. What would you
do with such a fortune?
12. Her father owns this hotel. But for that/If it were so she wouldn’t work here.
13. Remember, in case of/ in case fire, leave the building as quickly as possible.
14. If it weren’t for/ If not David, I would have never made it.
15. Unless/If we arrive early, you may be able to get a good parking space.
53. Rozstrzygnij która z opcji pisanych kursywą i oddzielonych ukośn kiem jest poprawna
w każdym ze zdań 1-10.
54. Uzupełnij zdania warunkowe trzeciego typu, używając odpowiednich form czasowników
podanych w nawiasach.
1. If she _________ (not dance) with him that night, she _________ (not fall)
in love with him.
2. If she _________ (not be) in such a hurry, she _________ (not forget) her
passport.
4. If she _________ (have) a loving home during her teenage years, she probably
_________ (not get) herself into that mess.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
5. The car _________ (may run) into a tree if she _________ (not act) so fast.
8. Things _________ (be) much easier if she _________ (not be) a single mum.
9. If the fire brigade _________ (not rush) to put out the fire, the building
_________ (burn) down.
10. If she _________ (not be) abandoned by her husband, she _________
(not become) an independent woman.
11. I _________ (never forgive) myself if I _________ (not jump) at the chance.
12. If I _________ (not follow) your advice, I _________ (be) very sorry.
15. Who knows what _________ (may happen) if I _________ (send) that email.
55. Każdą parę zdań 1-10 przekształć w zdanie warunkowe trzeciego typu zaczynające się
od spójnika if.
7. She didn’t add any spices. The soup didn’t taste good.
__________________________________________________________________ .
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Powtór zenie i ugr untowanie wiadomości – ćwiczenia
8. Her parents were always busy with work. They spoiled her with expensive clothes.
__________________________________________________________________ .
56. Uzupełnij zdania warunkowe trzeciego typu, używając odpowiednich form czasowników
podanych w nawiasach.
1. If she _________ (not take) the medicines, she _________ (not recover) so
quickly.
2. If he _________ (not agree) to lose weight, he _________ (not get) the role.
3. If I _________ (not be) in such a hurry, I _________ (not forget) to close the door.
4. If she _________ (not sit) alone, I _________ (never sit) down by her.
6. If we _________ (not pay) for our room already, we _________ (leave) the hotel
after one day.
7. The car _________ (not roll) down the drive if he _________ (not forget) to put
the handbrake on.
9. If she _________ (not be) a journalist first, she _________ (not write) a book.
13. He _________ (not make) the kind of money he made if he _________ (not
know) the right people.
14. I _________ (not mind) being fired, if they _________ (not do) it by email.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
16. If we _________ (just leave) ten minutes earlier, none of this _________
(happen).
17. If I _________ (not overhear) their conversation, I _________ (not guess) that
something was wrong.
57. Uzupełnij zdania trzeciego typu, używając odpowiednich form czasowników podanych
w nawiasach.
1. But for the high water level, the river ___________ (not burst) its banks.
2. But for the hurricane, the trees ___________ (not be) ripped out by their roots.
3. But for the earthquake, there ___________ (be) no cracks in the roads.
4. But for the heavy snowfall, the children ___________ (not stay) at home.
5. But for the volunteers, we ___________ (not do) half of the things we did.
6. But for the rescue team, the tourists ___________ (die) of hypothermia.
7. But for the fog, we ___________ (enjoy) a great view of the city.
8. But for the mosquitoes, they ___________ (spend) more time outdoors.
9. But for the air conditioning, it ___________ (be) unbearable to drive the car.
10. But for the smell, we ___________ (rate) the hotel four stars.
11. But for the smoke detector, their house ___________ (burn) down.
12. But for the torrential rain, the underground passage ___________ (not be)
flooded.
13. But for the advertisement, I ___________ (not buy) the mobile phone.
14. But for the economic turndown, so many people ___________ (not lose) their
jobs.
15. But for his unsuccessful presidential campaign, he ___________ (probably be)
elected for a second term.
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Powtór zenie i ugr untowanie wiadomości – ćwiczenia
58. Uzupełnij dialog, wstawiając w luki jedno z wyrażeń a), b), c).
A: I can’t fit into my old jeans anymore. I can’t even zip them up! I have to cut
down on eating and lose some of this weight before I gain even more.
B: Well, if you ___________ (1) to me, you ___________ (2) on weight and
___________ (3) about dieting now.
A: And you wouldn’t be yourself if you ___________ (4) me about something, right?
B: I’m not taunting you or anything. I’m just stating the obvious. If you
___________ (5) a reasonable diet plan and stick to it, you will see the results
soon.
A: I wish you were right, but losing weight is not easy. It takes commitment and
strong will, and If I had some strength of will, I ___________ (6) weight in the
first place.
Besides, I’ve failed on so many diets in the past.
B: Maybe because diet without exercising is not enough? Start exercising and you
___________ (7) weight.
B: Then at least try to walk every day for about 20-30 minutes.
A: Ok, I will.
B: And careful with the yoyo effect, otherwise you ___________ (8) up putting all
your weight back on and more.
59. Do każdego ze zdań 1-8 dopisz nowe o analogicznym znaczeniu zawierające słowa
podane wytłuszczonym drukiem.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
2. The deal wouldn’t have gone so far if Emily hadn’t been involved. If it hadn’t
__________________________________________________________________ .
3. The drought was severe. That’s why the crop was lost. But for
__________________________________________________________________ .
5. If it hadn’t been for his parents, he wouldn’t have achieved so much in life.
But for
__________________________________________________________________ .
7. They’ll get to play against France in the semi-finals if they manage to win
today. Should
__________________________________________________________________ .
8. She would have won easily if she hadn’t made so many unforced errors. Had it not
__________________________________________________________________ .
1. If I hadn’t known, I would have never guessed that she was forty.
___________________________, I would have never guessed that she was forty.
2. If the government hadn’t acted quickly, the whole area wouldn’t have been
evacuated.
___________________________, the whole area wouldn’t have been evacuated.
3. If you should see my car keys, keep them safe for me.
___________________________ my car keys, keep them safe for me.
4. If by any chance he offered you a pay rise, would you still quit your job?
___________________________ you a pay rise, would you still quit your job?
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8. Should you be dissatisfied with our product, kindly call us to request a full refund.
___________________________ with our product, kindly call us to request a
full refund.
9. If it weren’t for the police’s negligent investigation, the robbers would have been
caught and arrested.
___________________________, the robbers would have been caught and arrested.
12. If birds weren’t to migrate to warm countries, they wouldn’t survive the winter.
___________________________ to warm countries, they wouldn’t survive the
winter.
13. If our town had been hit by a hurricane like Sandy or Katrina, it would have
been devastated.
___________________________ by a hurricane like Sandy, it would have been
devastated.
61. Każdą parę 1-10 połącz w zdania warunkowe mieszane zaczynające się od spójnika if.
3. Jack got a big tattoo on his upper arm. He regrets it so much now.
__________________________________________________________________ .
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
8. You didn’t tell me about your problems earlier. I can’t help you.
__________________________________________________________________ .
10. The coach was very supportive then. I’m still playing.
_________________________________________________________________ .
1. If she _________ (not be) a celebrity, she _________ (not have) a facelift.
2. If we _________ (be) more sensible, we _________ (not buy) the car.
3. If I _________ (can stand) the sight of blood, I _________ (become) a doctor.
4. If he _________ (not be) so tight-fisted, he _________ (pay) for my drink as well.
5. If the airfares _________ (not be) so expensive, I _________ (book) a flight
already.
6. If my son _________ (not believe) in Santa Claus, he _________ (not write) a
letter to him.
7. If I _________ (not be) so absent-minded, I _________ (remember) where I had
put the keys.
8. If she _________ (have) more taste, she _________ (not wear) that dress.
9. If he _________ (want) to settle down and have a family, he _________ (do)
it a long time ago.
10. If she _________ (not love) animals, she _________ (not adopt) a dog from
a shelter.
63. Dopasuj zdania z kolumny A do zdań z kolumny B tak, aby zbudować zdania
warunkowe mieszane.
A B
1. If you loved him a) he wouldn’t be afraid to drive now.
2. If my grandfather hadn’t died b) they wouldn’t have tried to save
their marriage.
3. If he wanted to be with her c) he wouldn’t have taken a day off sick.
4. If he hadn’t been fired d) more people might have voted for
him.
5. If he hadn’t had the car accident e) he would be dead by now.
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6. If you hadn’t skipped your breakfast f) you would have done it much sooner.
7. If he were feeling well g) you wouldn’t have pushed him away.
8. If it were so easy h) he would have proposed to her.
9. If they were interested i) they probably wouldn’t be together
now.
10. If they didn’t have children j) he would be very old now.
11. If they hadn’t taken him to hospital k) they would have contacted you by
so quickly now.
12. If he hadn’t asked her out on a date l) you wouldn’t be hungry now.
13. If he weren’t so young m) his family wouldn’t be penniless now.
1. A: You are working round the clock these days. Unless you _________ (slow)
down you _________ (burn) yourself out.
B: You are the only one who has noticed it. My boss wants me to work more!
3. A: Eating at Wild Duck is always a treat for us with its tasty food and affordable
prices.
B: If the restaurant _________ (be) closer to where we live, we _________
probably _________ (go) there more often.
5. A: Don’t forget to set the alarm clock for 5:30. If you _________ (be) late for
work again, you _________ (get) into trouble with your boss.
B: No worries. I’ve already done it.
6. A: Have you heard that one person was injured after part of the ceiling
collapsed at Warsaw East Station?
B: Fortunately, it collapsed at night when nearly no one was around. If it
_________ (collapse) during the day, a lot of people _________ (be) hurt.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
9. A: Is it still raining?
B: Yes, it is, so no chance for sunbathing. But if the weather _________
(improve), we _________ (go) to the beach tomorrow.
10. A: I’m wondering what albums _________ Beatles _________ (record) if they
_________ (not split) up?
B: I don’t know but Lennon and Yoko Ono _________ (not make) their solo
albums.
11. A: Imagine you _________ (can travel) back in time. If you _________ (can
do) one thing differently, what _________ it _________ (be)?
B: Well, if I _________ (can travel) back, I don’t think I _________ (do)
anything differently. I’m happy with the choices I’ve made.
2. If he _________ (not score) the goal, he probably would have ended up playing
for a small club.
3. If you hadn’t been driving that car, you _________ (not crash).
4. If I _________ (know) what was coming, I would have been more discreet.
7. If the tourists had been more experienced, that incident _________ (be)
avoided.
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12. If the iron hadn’t been too hot, I _________ (not scorch) my trousers.
13. How far would you go if it _________ (mean) protecting your family?
17. If you _________ (not give) me a chance, I would still be looking for a job.
18. Mrs Wright would be disappointed if she _________ (miss) her favourite TV show.
19. If the EMT crew _________ (not respond) right away, the man would be dead.
20. Europeans would never have heard of potatoes if it _________ (not be) for
Columbus.
21. If her father _________ (not remarry), she wouldn’t have a half sister.
22. If it _________ (not rain), I will hang the laundry to dry in the garden.
24. Unless you _________ (have) other plans, we may go out for sushi tonight.
25. You won’t go far in this profession unless you _________ (have) a thick skin.
66. Każde ze zdań 1-20 uzupełnij jednym z wyrażeń a), b) lub c).
3. If you _________ in Warsaw for over 5 years now, I expect you already feel at
home here.
a) lived b) have been living c) live
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4. If you _________ beer, I will call you a taxi to take you home.
a) drank b) will drink c) are drinking
7. If you _________ of quitting your studies, I would advise you against it.
a) would think b) were thinking c) think
10. If you don’t start working now, you _________ it by next week.
a) wouldn’t finish b) don’t finish c) won’t have finished
11. If you don’t study more, you _________ pass the exam.
a) don’t b) are not going to c) won’t
12. You _________ if you didn’t have a better job waiting for you.
a) wouldn’t be leaving b) wouldn’t have left c) didn’t leave
14. If he she had passed the exam, she _________ in her room now.
a) wouldn’t have cried b) wouldn’t cry c) wouldn’t be crying
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20. If you have learnt a bit of German before, you _________ the introductory
classes.
a) could not need b) would not have needed c) might not need
67. Zadecyduj w których ze zdań 1-15 zaczynających się od if można użyć will.
a)
would be going, go, would have gone, will go, would go
b)
won’t drive, don’t drive, might not drive, wouldn’t have been driving, wouldn’t drive
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69. W każdym ze zdań 1-7 rozstrzygnij najpierw, która z opcji wydrukowanych kursywą jest
prawidłowa – punkt a). W punkcie b) przekształć to zdanie wykorzystując podany fragment,
tak aby sens pozostał niezmieniony.
1.
a) As long as/Supposing you cook it quickly over a high heat, the meat will be
tender and juicy.
b) If you don’t cook it quickly over a high heat, ____________________________ .
2.
a) The museum is well worth a visit, provided/otherwise you don’t mind the queues.
b) The museum is well worth a visit unless ____________________________ .
3.
a) If it hadn’t been for/Should we have luck, we would have ended up in real trouble.
b) But for luck, ____________________________ .
4.
a) There is really nothing wrong with chocolate if/unless you eat it in large
amounts.
b) There is really nothing wrong with chocolate if __________________________ .
5.
a) I will go with you if/unless you want me to.
b) I will go with you unless ____________________________ .
6.
a) Break the glass in case/imagine there is an emergency.
b) Break the glass in case of ____________________________ .
7.
a) Supposing/Providing you inherited a decent sum of money, what would you do?
b) What would you do if you were to ____________________________ .
1. “If I were to live only on fruit and vegetables, I would be unhappy,” he said.
___________________________________________________________________.
2. “You won’t lose weight if you ask for a second helping of everything,” she told
me.
___________________________________________________________________.
3. “If she had listened to her intuition, she would have known what was best for
her,” said Mark.
___________________________________________________________________.
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4. “Jack, if you weren’t so obstinate, you would admit that I’m right,” Sophie said.
___________________________________________________________________.
5. “If she didn’t have her career, she would feel unfulfilled,” he said.
___________________________________________________________________.
6. “If scientists found a cure for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, people
would be able to live longer lives,” she said.
___________________________________________________________________.
7. “If she hadn’t fallen down the stairs, she wouldn’t have injured her leg,” said
Harry.
___________________________________________________________________.
8. “I would feel sorry for her if she weren’t so mean,” Lily said to Mike.
___________________________________________________________________.
9. “Jill’s life wouldn’t be so miserable if she could afford little everyday things,”
Mrs Robbins said.
___________________________________________________________________.
10. “If you don’t lower your voice, you will wake everybody up,” Helen told me.
__________________________________________________________________.
11. “If my boys weren’t so lazy, I wouldn’t have to nag them about almost
everything,” said Dorothy.
__________________________________________________________________.
12. “What would you do if someone pointed a gun at you?” Claire asked Paul.
__________________________________________________________________.
1. “If you have time, come by for a coffee,” Robin told me.
___________________________________________________________________.
2. “If you finish early, do Part 4 for extra credit,” the teacher told us.
___________________________________________________________________.
4. “If the rubbish bin is full, put it out,” Mum told me.
___________________________________________________________________.
5. “If you have a couple of minutes to spare, complete the survey,” she told me.
___________________________________________________________________.
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6. “If your shoes are dirty, leave them outside the door,” she told us.
___________________________________________________________________.
8. “If he gets any worse, take him to hospital,” she said to us.
___________________________________________________________________.
9. “If a stranger talks to you, don’t reply,” his mother told him.
___________________________________________________________________.
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9. O zdaniach warunkowych
w pigułce
Naukę posługiwania się trybami warunkowym w języku angielskim powinno się zacząć od
opanowanie trzech typów zdań.
Formułując taki czy inny okres warunkowy, zazwyczaj (choć nie zawsze) posiłkujemy się
słówkiem if. Prócz if także inne wyrażenia mogą wprowadzać wypowiedzi warunkowe. Mogą
to być: unless, provided (that)/providing (that), as long as, supposing/suppose,
on (the) condition that, in case, or else, otherwise.
You won’t get any dessert unless you eat your dinner.
Nie dostaniesz deseru, jeśli nie zjesz obiadu.
Eat your dinner, otherwise/or else you won’t get any dessert.
Zjedz obiad w przeciwnym razie nie dostaniesz deseru.
You will get a dessert provided/providing/as long as/on condition that you eat
your dinner.
Dostaniesz deser pod warunkiem, że zjesz obiad.
Rzecz jasna w zależności od kontekstu i sytuacji możemy zarówno we frazie podrzędnej jak
i nadrzędnej uciec się do różnych czasów. Np. Present Simple w obu segmentach tego
okresu wskazuje, że odpowiednia czynność bądź sytuacja jest powszechnie przyjęta, typowa
czy regularna. W zdaniu podrzędnym można stosować i inne czasy: Present Continuous,
Present Perfect oraz czasownik should. W zdaniu nadrzędnym może wystąpić Present
Simple, tryb rozkazujący lub czasowniki modalne: may/might, can/could, should/ought
to, must + infinitive.
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Gdy wypowiadamy się o przyszłości, if wskazuje, że raczej nie wiadomo czy warunek
zostanie urzeczywistniony, when sugeruje, że coś raczej na pewno będzie miało miejsce
za jakiś czas.
a)
If he weren’t famous, you wouldn’t look twice at him.
Gdyby nie był sławny, nawet byś na niego nie spojrzała.
b)
If he lost his job, he would be devastated.
Gdyby stracił pracę, byłby zdruzgotany.
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O zdaniach warunkowych w pigułce
If I made lots of money, I would probably spend the rest of my life travelling.
Gdybym zarobił dużo pieniędzy, prawdopodobnie spędziłbym resztę swojego
życia na podróżowaniu.
a) Past + Present
b) Present + Past
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
c) Past + Future
If she hadn’t been taken ill, she would attend the conference next week.
Gdyby nie rozchorowała się, wzięłaby udział w konferencji w przyszłym
tygodniu.
If (you) should, if (I) were to, if it weren’t for, if it hadn’t been for, but for ...
Wyrażeniami if it weren’t for, if it hadn’t been for, but for posługujemy się w drugim
i trzecim okresie warunkowym – są odpowiednikami polskiego bez.
If it hadn’t been for the sake of the children, I wouldn’t have helped you.
Gdyby nie wzgląd na dzieci, nie pomogłabym ci.
Inwersja
Should you decide to buy a car, let me know if I can be of any help.
Gdybyś się zdecydował kupić samochód, daj znać czy mogę w czymś pomóc.
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O zdaniach warunkowych w pigułce
Will i would
Wyjątkowo możemy uciec się do will oraz would po if. Czynimy tak w uprzejmych prośbach,
jak również wówczas, gdy chcemy opisać czyjąś dobrą wolę, podenerwowanie, upór…
If you will follow me, I will show you around the castle.
Proszę pójść za mną, oprowadzę was po zamku.
80
Key
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Key
Sprawdź się
1. 1. a 5. b 9. c 13. c 17. c
2. b 6. b 10. a 14. a 18. b
3. c 7. c 11. a 15. c 19. c
4. b 8. c 12. b 16. b 20. c
2. 1. b 4. c 7. a 10. b 13. a
2. a 5. b 8. b 11. a 14. c
3. c 6. c 9. c 12. b 15. c
3. 1. a 3. c 5. b 7. a 9. b
2. a 4. b 6. c 8. b 10. c
Ćwiczenia
1. 1. am, defend 6. is, have 11. smile, dimple
2. is, yawns 7. am, take 12. aches, take
3. eat, get 8. are, grow 13. am, write
4. is, blushes 9. is, stammers 14. come, entertain
5. sit, catch 10. promise, keep 15. is, knits
5. 1. If you don’t stop eating fast food, you will get fat.
2. If you don’t stop eating fast food, you will damage your health.
3. If you don’t stop eating fast food, you will change into larger jeans.
4. If you don’t stop eating fast food, you will become sluggish.
5. If you don’t stop eating fast food, you will suffer from indigestion.
6. If you don’t stop eating fast food, people will make comments at you.
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10. 1. If you were a chameleon, you would be able to change your body colour.
2. If I were a tiger, I would have black stripes.
3. If she were a bee, she would feed on nectar.
4. If I were an ant, I would smell with my antennae.
5. If he were a chimp, he would have long arms.
6. If they were pigeons, they would coo and strut.
7. If you were a cat, you would always land on your feet.
8. If I were a mouse, I would eat a lot of cheese.
9. If I were an elephant, I would have enormous ears.
10. If he were a frog, he would hop all day long.
11. If you were a bat, you would sleep upside down.
12. If he were a puppy, he would chew slippers.
13. If she were a penguin, she would live in the Antarctic.
14. If I were an ostrich, I would bury my head in the sand.
15. If she were a kangaroo, she would jump high.
11. 1. If international phone calls were less expensive/cheaper, I would call her often.
2. Jack would speak French fluently if his vocabulary weren’t so poor.
3. I would drink Coke if it weren’t bad for teeth.
4. If she didn’t lack a college degree, we would hire her.
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15. 1. If people gave smoking, they would feel more energetic and healthy.
2. If the EU accepted Turkey, it would gain a large area.
3. If cars ran on water, they wouldn’t produce pollution.
4. If e-learning replaced classroom-based learning, students would study from home.
5. If football matches were free of hooliganism, football stadiums would be safe places.
6. If all people spoke a common language, they wouldn’t maintain their cultural
differences.
17. 1. He wouldn’t have lost his job if he had been committed to it.
2. Jerry wouldn’t have slipped on the icy steps at his home if he had removed the ice.
3. If I had kept my mouth shut, I wouldn’t have offended him.
4. If we had been invited, we would have come to his ranch.
5. I wouldn’t have failed the exam if I had studied hard.
6. If she hadn’t been wearing high heels, she wouldn’t have sprained her ankle.
7. If Kate could have afforded it, she would have redecorated her kitchen.
8. If Tom hadn’t run fast, he would have been late to work.
9. We wouldn’t have got lost if you hadn’t given us bad directions.
10. The situation wouldn’t have become worse if Jack had been polite.
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ANGIELSKI T R Y B Y W A R U N K O W E
11. The police wouldn’t have towed my car if I had parked legally.
12. If I hadn’t bought a lottery ticket, I wouldn’t have hit the jackpot.
13. If Sophie hadn’t washed her blouse in hot water, it wouldn’t have shrunk.
14. If the wind hadn’t been so strong, it wouldn’t have blown the roof off.
15. If Mark had been hard-working, he would have gone to college.
18. 1. If she hadn’t grown up in a bilingual family, she wouldn’t have learnt two languages.
2. If it hadn’t rained for two days in a row, the river wouldn’t have flooded.
3. If Martin hadn’t eaten too much, he wouldn’t have got sick.
4. If they hadn’t offered her a low-paid job, she wouldn’t have refused.
5. If she hadn’t been interested in astronomy, her parents wouldn’t have bought
her a telescope.
6. If the prisoner hadn’t behaved well, he wouldn’t have been released prematurely.
7. If Tom hadn’t fallen down the stairs, he wouldn’t have broken his leg.
8. If the referee hadn’t been biased against us, we wouldn’t have lost the match.
9. If the villagers hadn’t cut down the trees illegally, they wouldn’t have been fined.
10. If she had had other choice, she wouldn’t have agreed.
11. If I had put on a sweater, I wouldn’t have caught a cold.
12. If Jenny had been satisfied with her job, she wouldn’t have quit.
13. If Owen had set the alarm for 6 o’clock, he wouldn’t have overslept.
14. If the film hadn’t been a success, a sequel wouldn’t have been made.
15. If the price hadn’t been discounted, I wouldn’t have bought the shoes.
21. 2. If I had studied hard, I would have been one of the brightest students…
3. If I had studied hard, I would have worked at NASA upon graduation…
4. If I had studied hard, I would have become a famous scientist…
5. If I had studied hard, I would have made amazing discoveries…
6. If I had studied hard, I would have been awarded the Nobel Prize…
23. a) If Beth hadn’t left her blinds open, the thief wouldn’t have seen that she left
money on the table. He wouldn’t have broken into her flat and he wouldn’t
have stolen the money.
b) If Michael were apologetic, he would apologise for what he’s said and I would
forgive him.
c) If Philip hadn’t been drunk, he wouldn’t have lost control of the car, he
wouldn’t have run into a tree and he wouldn’t have injured his back.
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d) If Martha weren’t a technophobe, she would buy a mobile phone and I would
be able to phone her more often.
e) If Dorothy hadn’t been angry, she wouldn’t have bitten her lip and it wouldn’t
have bled.
24. a) b) c) d)
1. borrows 1. are going 1. didn’t talk 1. were
2. pays 2. could 2. would have picked
3. will he owe
25.
Proponowane odpowiedzi.
1. If the inmates hadn’t escaped, they wouldn’t have got involved in an armed robbery.
2. If the snow hadn’t been so heavy, the training wouldn’t have been cancelled.
3. If the driver hadn’t been drinking, he wouldn’t have hit the bus filled with
tourists.
4. If the Arkansas students hadn’t worn armbands to school, they wouldn’t have
been punished.
5. If the children hadn’t played with matches, they wouldn’t have started a Duplex fire.
6. Falcon wouldn’t have been in trouble if he hadn’t violated drug policy.
7. Six people wouldn’t have been imprisoned if they hadn’t logged trees illegally.
26. 1. But for the flood, they wouldn’t have lost everything.
2. But for the war, we wouldn’t have moved to the USA.
3. But for the televised presidential debates, Kennedy wouldn’t have been elected.
4. But for the discount, I wouldn’t have bought the car.
5. But for the tip, the police wouldn’t have caught the criminals.
28. 1. Were someone to use 5. Had he been re-elected 9. But for / had it
2. Should you find 6. Had the fire spread not been for
3. But for 7. Had he not agreed 10. Should you wish
4. Were she to work 8. Were he not
29. 1. Were Hank to mow 4. Had Jerry not been 6. Had I known
2. Should he win 5. Should you not be 7. Were he not to
3. Should Maura offer continue
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35. 1. If Tom weren’t colour blind, he would have got a driving licence.
2. If she weren’t shy, she would have objected.
3. If I had a sense of direction, I wouldn’t have ended in a strange place.
4. If Agnes weren’t claustrophobic, she would have gone into the cave.
5. If Mr Edwards weren’t bald, he wouldn’t have bought a toupee.
6. If their car weren’t so old, it wouldn’t have broken down in the middle of nowhere.
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39. 1. Mr Brown said that if he lost his job, he would have no means of income.
2. She said that Kathy would be flattered if he complimented her on her looks.
3. Melly said that she would be anxious if she were to give a talk to a large
audience.
4. Susan said that if she had been shorter, it would have been easier for her to
find a boyfriend.
5. She told him that he would catch a cold if he didn’t put his jacket on.
6. He asked me what I would do if I found lots of money in a rubbish bin.
7. She asked Bill if he would donate blood if a stranger needed it badly.
8. Mike said that if he were to vote, he would intentionally vote for the last
candidate on the list.
9. Alice said that it would be better if she heard it from me.
10. He told me that if I had it ready that week, he would pay me double.
11. Kim said that the audience wouldn’t have booed if the performance hadn’t
been so awful.
12. Jack said that if he had been a teen again, he would have been less critical of
his parents.
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45. 1. when 6. If
2. if 7. If
3. If 8. When
4. When 9. if
5. When 10. When
47. 1. If you touch the iron, you will burn your fingers.
2. If you eat sweets before lunch, you will ruin your appetite.
3. If you park your car here, it will be towed away
4. If you stay in the sun too long, you will get a sunburn
5. If you ride your bike on the pavement, you will get a ticket.
6. If you leave your socks on the floor, I will throw them out.
7. If you take hot baths, you will irritate your skin.
8. If you slouch, you will have a hunchback.
9. If you cheat in the test, you will automatically get an F.
10. If you wear new shoes for more than an hour at a time, your feet will hurt.
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50. 1. b 5. b 9. a
2. a 6. a 10. a
3. a 7. b 11. b
4. a 8. b 12. a
55. 1. If Jim hadn’t broken his mother’s favourite cup, he wouldn’t have been given
a reprimand.
2. If it had worked out, I wouldn’t have been unhappy/I would have been happy.
3. If Chris hadn’t got in a fight with his sister, he wouldn’t have been punished.
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Key
4. If you hadn’t touched the hot stove, you wouldn’t have burned your hand.
5. If he had warned me, I would have been prepared.
6. If the scandal hadn’t made the headlines, it wouldn’t have become public.
7. If she had added some spices, the dish would have tasted (much) better.
8. If her parents hadn’t been always busy with work, they wouldn’t have spoiled
her with expensive clothes.
9. If I hadn’t been provoked, I wouldn’t have said it.
10. If I hadn’t known who he was, I wouldn’t have recognised him.
58. 1. a 3. b 5. b 7. a
2. c 4. a 6. c 8. b
59. 1. Were it not for the fact that he is rich, she wouldn’t be interested in him.
2. If it hadn’t been for Emily’s involvement, the deal wouldn’t have gone so far.
3. But for the severe drought, the crop wouldn’t have been lost.
4. The food wouldn’t have been so bad if it hadn’t been cold.
5. But for his parents, he wouldn’t have achieved so much in life.
6. If it weren’t for my mild headache, I would feel perfectly fine.
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7. They will get to play against France in the semi-finals should they win today.
8. Had it not been for so many unforced errors, she would have won easily.
61. 1. If I had put the milk in the fridge yesterday, it wouldn’t be sour now.
2. If I hadn’t lost my temper with her, she would be speaking to me now.
3. If Jack hadn’t got a big tattoo on his upper arm, he wouldn’t regret it so much
now.
4. If he hadn’t lied to me, we would be together now.
5. If he had taken school seriously, he would have a good education.
6. If Rob hadn’t given up his political career, he wouldn’t be living a quiet life now.
7. If I hadn’t cycled a long way yesterday, my legs wouldn’t be sluggish today.
8. If you had told me about your problems earlier, I could help you.
9. If I hadn’t read J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis as a child, I wouldn’t be a
writer.
10. If the coach hadn’t been supportive then, I wouldn’t still be playing.
11. If I hadn’t been passed over for promotion, I wouldn’t be disappointed.
12. If he were such a good psychologist, he would have diagnosed my condition.
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Key
63. 1. g 5. a 8. f 11. e
2. j 6. l 9. k 12. i
3. h 7. c 10. b 13. d
4. m
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68. a) b)
1. would have gone 1. wouldn’t have been driving
2. would go 2. wouldn’t drive
3. would be going 3. don’t drive
4. go 4. won’t drive
5. will go 5. might not drive
69. 1. a) As long as 5. a) if
b) the meat won’t be tender b) you don’t want me to
and juicy
6. a) in case
2. a) provided b) an emergency
b) you mind the queues
7. a) Supposing
3. a) If it hadn’t been for b) inherit a decent sum of money
b) we would have ended up in real
trouble
4. a) unless
b) you don’t eat it in large amounts
70. 1. He said that if he were to live only on fruit and vegetables, he would be
unhappy.
2. She told me that I wouldn’t lose weight if I asked for a second helping of
everything.
3. Mark said that if she had listened to her intuition, she would have known
what was best for her.
4. Sophie told Jack that if he hadn’t been so obstinate he would have admitted
that she was right.
5. He said that if she hadn’t had her career, she would have felt unfulfilled.
6. She said that if scientists found a cure for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s
Diseases, people would be able to live longer lives.
7. Harry said that if she hadn’t fallen down the stairs, she wouldn’t have injured
her leg.
8. Lily said to Mike that she would have felt sorry for her if she hadn’t been so
mean.
9. Mrs Robbins said that Jill’s life wouldn’t have been so miserable if she could
have afforded little everyday things.
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10. Helen told me that if I didn’t lower my voice, I would wake everybody up.
11. Dorothy said that if her boys hadn’t been so lazy, she wouldn’t have had to
nag them about almost everything.
12. Claire asked Paul what he would do if someone pointed a gun at him.
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