Emilio Aguinaldo College

School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology

Congressional East Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite
(+63) 046-4164324 loc. 148
www.eac.edu.ph/cavite

MATERIAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

FOR ME LAB (TMPC 532 LEC) Report # 01

TECHNICAL REPORT IN MACHINE SHOP THEORY

Submitted by:

Carpena, Alexis Jay

BSME TMEC 3-1
April 6, 2022

Submitted to:

Engr. Kyle Andrew Acosta

Instructor

Item 1: Classifications of processes that requires the Knowledge of Material

Science & Engineering
 Emilio Aguinaldo College
School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology
Congressional East Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite
(+63) 046-4164324 loc. 148
www.eac.edu.ph/cavite

Provide at least three (3) types of System. (Example: Refrigeration System, HVAC
System, Plumbing System, etc.)
 Refrigeration System (Thermoelectric Refrigeration)

Thermoelectric Cooling
Thermo-electric cooling is described as a solid-state method of heat transfer
generated primarily through the use of dissimilar semiconductor materials. To
understand the cooling method, it is first necessary to know how thermoelectric
cooling systems differ from their conventional refrigeration counterparts. Like
conventional refrigeration, it obeys the basic laws of thermodynamics. Only the
actual system for cooling is different.
In a conventional refrigeration system, the main working parts are the evaporator,
condenser, and compressor. The evaporator surface is where the liquid refrigerant
boils, changes to vapor and absorbs heat energy. The compressor circulates the
refrigerant and applies enough pressure to increase the temperature above ambient
level. The condenser helps discharge the absorbed heat into the ambient air.
 Emilio Aguinaldo College
School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology
Congressional East Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite
(+63) 046-4164324 loc. 148
www.eac.edu.ph/cavite

In thermoelectric refrigerators, heat from objects in the refrigerated space is absorbed

by metal plates. As current flows, the heat is transferred through semiconductors to
another set of plates. Air absorbs the heat and is then exhausted by a fan.
Essentially nothing has changed. The refrigerant in both liquid and vapour form is
replaced by two dissimilar conductors.
The cold junction (evaporator surface) becomes cold through absorption of energy by
the electrons as they pass from one semiconductor to another, instead of energy
absorption by the refrigerant as it changes from liquid to vapor. The compressor is
replaced by a DC power source which pumps the electrons from one semiconductor to
another. A heat sink replaces the conventional condenser fins, discharging the
accumulated heat energy from the system. The difference between the two refrigeration
methods, then, is that a thermo-electric cooling system refrigerates without the use of
mechanical devices and without a refrigerant.

 HVAC System (Ductless Mini-split system)

 Emilio Aguinaldo College
School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology
Congressional East Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite
(+63) 046-4164324 loc. 148
www.eac.edu.ph/cavite

Ductless air conditioner systems use the same process for cooling as a typical central
air conditioning system. However, while central air conditioning uses one centrally
located indoor unit that delivers cool air to the entire home through a series of ducts and
vents, a ductless indoor unit blows cooled air directly into one living space.

At the minimum, a complete ductless system includes an indoor unit with an

evaporator coil and blower fan; and it has an outdoor unit with a compressor, condenser
coil and fan. The two units are connected with copper refrigerant tubing and electrical
wiring. Ductless AC units:
a. Have high wall units mounted directly to an interior wall
b. Console units work for rooms where wall mounting isn’t possible or desirable
c. In-ceiling units are an example of a ducted unit which is hidden from view if
ceiling space allows
d. Cassette units can be mounted directly to the ceiling surface
e. Outdoor units can be strategically placed to minimize noise heard in living spaces
or from patios or outdoor gathering spaces. Narrow cabinets make installation
possible in small outdoor spaces or on small lots.
 Emilio Aguinaldo College
School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology
Congressional East Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite
(+63) 046-4164324 loc. 148
www.eac.edu.ph/cavite

The outdoor compressor unit pumps chemical refrigerant through the refrigerant tubing
to the indoor unit’s coil. As the liquid refrigerant turns to gas, heat and humidity is
removed from indoor air blowing across the coil, sending cooler, less humid air back into
the living space. The refrigerant, in gas form, cycles back to the outdoor coil where it is
converted back to a liquid as heat energy is released through the outdoor coil. A ductless
heat pump system operates exactly the same way for cooling, with the additional ability
to reverse the process for heating the indoor space.

 Plumbing System (Two-pipe system)

 Emilio Aguinaldo College
School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology
Congressional East Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite
(+63) 046-4164324 loc. 148
www.eac.edu.ph/cavite

This is the most common system used in India. This method provided an ideal solution,
where it is not possible to fix the fixtures closely.
One pipe collects the foul soil and water closet wastes, and the second pipe collects the
water from the kitchen, bathrooms, house washings, etc.
The soil pipes are directly connected to the manhole/drain, where is the waste pipes arc
connected through a fully ventilated gully trap.
1. The gully trap receives the bath, basin, and sink wastes. It provides aerial disconnection
of these wastes from the drain air.
2. The man soil vent pipe rises to above the level of the eves and is so placed so that gases
leaving it cannot be a nuisance or a danger to health.
3. A vent cowl of cast iron or other material unaffected by corrosion at the top of the vent
pipe to prevent nesting birds.
4. A cast-iron duck foot bend is preferably used at the bottom.
Specify an activity that uses the above listed process. Give at least one (1)
activity/scenario that applies material identification and selection.
Include the pictures and/or diagram of the process and/or system where the machines are
applied.

 A certain material must be used in sewer and stormwater system. It must have
very good corrosion resistance since it will be exposed in water. As the assigned
Engineer for this project, what kind of material can we use for the piping system?

- The recommended material for this kind of project is Cast iron since most
cast iron joints are either push-on or no-hub. Push-on joints work very well
underground where the soil pressure helps stop the pipe from moving.
 Emilio Aguinaldo College
School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology
Congressional East Ave., Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite
(+63) 046-4164324 loc. 148
www.eac.edu.ph/cavite

Above ground, however, there are risks that the pipe may separate if there
is a blockage and the pressure becomes too high.