UNIVERSITY OF CREATIVE TECHNOLOGY,

CHITTAGONG

BACHELOR OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

“Future of ‘Industrial Robots’ in Bangladesh”

Submitted by:

Name: - Mohammad Hassan Ul Hoque

Student ID: 190112075
Department: Mechanical Engineering
Semester: 7th (R-2)

Submitted To

Saikat Dey
Lecturer
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Creative University, Chittagong.
Robotics | Introduction

Robotics is a branch of engineering and science that includes electronics

engineering, mechanical engineering and computer science and so on. This
branch deals with the design, construction, use to control robots, sensory
feedback and information processing. These are some technologies which
will replace humans and human activities in coming years. These robots are
designed to be used for any purpose but these are using in sensitive
environments like bomb detection, deactivation of various bombs etc. Robots
can take any form but many of them have given the human appearance. The
robots which have taken the form of human appearance may likely to have
the walk like humans, speech, cognition and most importantly all the things a
human can do. Most of the robots of today are inspired by nature and are
known as bio-inspired robots.

Robotics is that branch of engineering that deals with conception, design,

operation, and manufacturing of robots. There was an author named Isaac
Asimov, he said that he was the first person to give robotics name in a short
story composed in 1940’s. In that story, Isaac suggested three principles
about how to guide these types of robotic machines. Later on, these three
principals were given the name of Isaac’s three laws of Robotics .

These three laws state that:-

 Robots will never harm human beings.

 Robots will follow instructions given by humans with breaking law one.
 Robots will protect themselves without breaking other rules.

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 Characteristics
There are some characteristics of robots given below:

 Appearance: Robots have a physical body. They are held by the

structure of their body and are moved by their mechanical parts. Without
appearance, robots will be just a software program.

 Brain: Another name of brain in robots is On-board control unit. Using

this robot receive information and sends commands as output. With this
control unit robot knows what to do else it’ll be just a remote-controlled
machine.

 Sensors: The use of these sensors in robots is to gather info from the

outside world and send it to Brain. Basically, these sensors have circuits
in them that produces the voltage in them.

 Actuators: The robots move and the parts with the help of these robots
move is called Actuators. Some examples of actuators are motors,
pumps, and compressor etc. The brain tells these actuators when and
how to respond or move.

 Program: Robots only works or responds to the instructions which are

provided to them in the form of a program. These programs only tell the
brain when to perform which operation like when to move, produce
sounds etc. These programs only tell the robot how to use sensors data
to make decisions.

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 Behavior: Robots behavior is decided by the program which has been
built for it. Once the robot starts making the movement, one can easily tell
which kind of program is being installed inside the robot.

What are Industrial Robots?

Industrial robots are robotic arms that can move in several directions and can be
programmed to carry out many different types of tasks in different environments.
These industrial robots can work:

 In varying environments like high-pressure and vacuum chambers.

 In clean workrooms and in terribly dirty areas.
 In dangerous areas where threats of explosions, infections, radiation, or other
extreme hazards are present and dangerous to humans.

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Robotic arms can be equipped with specialized grippers to work with delicate and
fragile objects, while other robotic arms can have grippers that can grasp and lift
loads weighing several tons.

Robotic arms can be equipped with any type of tool. These tools are used with
precision, accuracy, speed, and repetitiveness that cannot be matched by humans.

These robotic arms can have a multitude of sensors and vision systems capable of
viewing images to aid with their computer-based control. That sensor and vision
feedback can be used with artificial intelligence to make decisions about
the behavior of the robotic arm.Industrial robots and automation are an important
part of the manufacturing of most products produced in today’s world.

Types of Industrial Robots and their Different Uses

These are the some types of robots given below:-

Articulated Robot Arms

 The feature of this robot is its rotary joints and range of these are from 2
to 10 or more joints. The arm is connected to the rotary joint and each
joint is known as
the axis which
provides a range of
movements.

 Advantages: Mo
st flexible

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 movement of all the robot arm types.  Can be quite powerful, capable of lifting
heavy objects.
 Disadvantages:  Might need to be fenced off.  Slower than some of the other
robot arms.  More expensive than other robot arms.  Needs more
sophisticated control systems.  

A typical six-axis robot showing the different kinds of rotation and joints which determine
the number of "Degrees of Freedom".  

Cartesian or Rectangular robots

 These are also known as gantry robots. These have three joints which
use the Cartesian coordinate system i.e. x, y, z. These robots are
provided with attached wrists to provide rotatory motion.

 Advantages:  Simple
control system.  Depending
on the model, can lift very
heavy objects.  Accurate. 
Rigid in all three axes.  Less
expensive than articulated
arms.
 Disadvantages:  Cannot do
rotational movements.  

A Cartesian robot (sometimes called an XYZ robot) operates according to the coordinates of
Cartesian space.  It can only move linearly in three directions.  

Cylindrical robots
These types of robots have at least one rotatory joints and one prismatic joint
which are used to connect the links. The use of rotatory joints is to rotate
along the axis and prismatic joint used to provide linear motion.

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 Advantages: Rigid.  Accurate.  Perfect in
applications that require circular geometry.

Disadvantages: Older technology.  Limited

flexibility of movement.  

The cylindrical robot has two linear joints and

one rotational joint.

Polar or Spherical Robots

 These are also known as spherical robots. The arm is connected to base
with a twisting joint and have a combination of 2 rotatory joint and one
linear joint.

 Advantages:  Simpler control
system than articulated arm. 
Can have long reach.  Very
good for many welding
applications.  May be faster than
articulated arm.

 Disadvantages:  Not as flexible
as articulated robot arms.  Older
technology.  Often needs a
rather large footprint.  Not as
fast as Delta arms.  

A polar robot can rotate about its base and shoulder and has a linear joining for extending its
arm.  Polar robots have a spherical work envelope.

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SCARA robots
 These robots are mainly used in assembly applications. Its arm is in
cylindrical in design. It has two parallel joints which are used to provide
compliance in one selected plane.

 Advantages:  Excellent for
many assembly applications. 
Fast and accurate. Cost-effective
for assembly operations.  
 Disadvantages:  Not as flexible
as articulated arms.  Not as
accurate as Cartesian arms. Not
as fast as Delta robot arms. 
A SCARA robot can rotate in two joints and has one linear joint.  It is "compliant" in the
horizontal plane, and rigid (not compliant) in the vertical.  This is why its name contains the
phrase "selective compliance".  

Delta robots
 The structure of these robots are like spider-shaped. They are built by
joint parallelograms that are connected to the common base. The
parallelogram moves in a dome-shaped work area. These are mainly
used in food and electrical industries.

 Advantages: Fastest design of robot

arms for pick and place operations. 
Lightweight. Accurate.  

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  Disadvantages:  Limited to relatively small and lightweight objects.  Not
suitable for working on objects in a vertical plane.  Limited reach.  

An example of a typical Delta or parallel robot.  The arms are lightweight and can be very
fast.

Future of Robotics in Manufacturing Industry: Automation

and Intelligence in Supply Chain

Powering the Future of Robotics:-

The future of robotics in manufacturing industry is bright. The market for industrial
robotics has been increasing by double digits annually since 2012, and South Korea
leads as one of the world’s top adopters of robotics with 710 robots per 10,000
workers.
This growth is helped, in part, by sustained advancement and innovation in robotics
technologies and the availability of robotics engineering skills. Simulation and virtual
validation enable testing of various robot applications, streamlining the required
engineering tasks and the time taken to perform them.

When coupled with digitalization and other forms of automation, manufacturers can
make their production activities more flexible, adaptable and resilient for business
continuity.

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Advances in robotics
Will be further accelerated by new technologies that have the potential to unlock even
more manufacturing value. Some of these technologies include:

 The Industrial Internet of Things (IoT)

A network of manufacturing equipment, devices, operations, people and data,
connected to the internet and communicating with each other. This sharing of
data delivers information intelligence that drives smarter, faster business
decisions.

 5G
5G provides continuous real-time connectivity with ultra-reliable low latency and
high throughput. This enables fast and reliable data transmission from sensors
on robots and the rest of the smart factory for real-time data analysis.

 Virtual simulation
Robot programmers and controls engineers can simulate and validate industrial
robot behavior in a virtual environment. They can also take it one step further

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 and simulate the interoperability of products, tools, robots and people in the
workspace. Virtual platforms a platform approach helps manufacturers to
maximize flexibility and economies of scale in their industrial automation
strategies.2 Processes can be standardized, applied and reused in multiple
applications. This simplifies programming, maintenance and product support.

 Virtual platforms
A platform approach helps manufacturers to maximize flexibility and economies
of scale in their industrial automation strategies. Processes can be standardized,
applied and reused in multiple applications. This simplifies programming,
maintenance and product support.

New Opportunities for Growth:-

Even though robotics has the potential to reshape global supply chains, there are still
areas in the supply chain ripe for further deployment and growth:

 Product assembly
Robots are currently widely used for component manufacturing. However, a potential
area of expansion is in product assembly. Before this, robots used to lack the dexterity
needed to replace human hands. But with technologies like the multi-axis arm
movement, human dexterity can be replicated with robotic equipment. They can also be
quickly reconfigured to support today’s shorter product life cycles. This improves
efficiency and reduces production time.

 Mass customization
Modular robots — with components that can be switched for different tasks — are
ushering in mass customization as the new norm in manufacturing. While each product
is still made to order, the production efficiency is still kept at a level similar to mass
production. The increased dexterity brings the same level of personalization as human-
made bespoke orders, but on a much larger scale and at more sustainable costs.

 Robots as a Service (RaaS)

RaaS is a pay-as-you-use subscription-based service model that allows customers to

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 lease robots. This provides them with all the benefits of robotics process automation
while avoiding ownership headaches such as maintenance issues. The flexibility of the
RaaS model also provides manufacturers with a lower cost of entry compared to
traditional robotics implementations.

Harnessing the Full Value of Robotics:-

Although robots are widely used in manufacturing, the planning is often less than
optimal. Businesses may not get the full value of the robots and the people who interact
with them. Changes in products and processes can also delay product updates and
improvements while robots are reprogrammed and tested.

With the technologies and solutions supported by an integrated platform,

manufacturers are empowered to simulate new and existing production processes
within an entirely virtual environment. This helps them design and deliver optimized
robotics solutions fit for the shop floor.

An integrated platform gives manufacturers the flexibility to define robotic work cells,
program and optimize the robots and, ultimately, simulate the entire manufacturing
environment and product flow. As a result, they can validate production concepts,
reduce cycle times and improve all aspects of implementing and programming robot
systems and tools.

This platform enables manufacturers to realize and benefit from the full potential of
robotics and automation in manufacturing. They can design, install and ramp up
robotics systems with confidence that they will perform as designed. As a result, they
can reduce operational costs, increase productivity and efficiency, avoid costly
mistakes, and ultimately transform their operations.

Potential of robotics industry in Bangladesh:-

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Industries and factory owners do not have in many cases confidence in the capacity
of local experts and the universities. They often hire foreign experts to get their
technical and / or technological problems solved. So it is necessary to build
confidence between the industries and the universities having research facilities. A
national committee can be formed to establish a tripartite link between the industries,
the universities and the government.

This will also facilitate innovation and development where robotics can perhaps play
a crucial part. Robotics industry is regarded as an innovative concept and countries
around the world are promoting it. The US National Robotics Engineering Center
(NREC) and the Robotics Society of India (RSI), for example, work for the
development of this industry in the US and India respectively. On the other hand,
there is at present no significant research on robotics even at the university level
here.

But there is potential for development of robotics in Bangladesh. Robotics is taught

in a few educational institutions. Promising youths sporadically develop robots. Such
robots, however, hardly serve any useful purpose or can be treated as innovation.
Such energies need to be organized.

The research work currently on robotics is about artificial intelligence, functionality,

mobility, sensor detection, and especially, robotic vision and control system. Robots
are being used in industrial units, pharmaceutical industries, military, space
exploration, organ transplantation, mineral resource search under the ocean, and
personal work. Robotics is also being applied to medical treatment.

Robotics-related fundamental research has the opportunity to get published in a

high-quality journal like Nature and Science. Apart from this, the study on robotics
can be further developed by publishing important and basic research in magazines
and other journals. Apart from obtaining patent rights of the new concepts,
ownership rights can be preserved, which are genuinely respectable and dignified.
Sales of various types of industrial robots made in the US will increase around 300

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per cent in less than a decade. The Robotics Industries Association has said that the
sales of robots have marked more than 40 per cent rise in the US compared to four
years ago.

The robots that are being developed in our country nowadays only show the level of
curiosity, interest and effort. But there seems to be no planned initiative for
commercial production of robots here. In many cases, robots are being copied
following downloaded tutorials from YouTube. But there is some difference: low-cost
domestic raw materials are used for locally-made robots and these are created by
non-sophisticated equipment.

A robot industry policy can be adopted quickly to facilitate a modern, profitable and
growing concept in the industrial sector

Of late, a 'Robot Restaurant' has been opened in Dhaka city. The robots deployed
there have been brought from abroad. The youths of Bangladesh have been able to
create a number of robots on experimental basis. The young university students
should now pay attention to the operational side of robotics.

Robotics industry is yet to take a proper shape in Bangladesh. The main reason for
this is that there is still no organization in our country like the US National Robotics
Engineering Center or the Robotics Society of India. Bangladesh should also
establish a national robotics research society for development and innovation in the
field.

-END-

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