Example 1:

1. Identify Degree of Indeterminacy and create primary structure

r=4, m=6, j=4 r+m=10 and 2j=8; r+m > 2j

The structure is stable and statically indeterminate to the 2nd
degree.

Stable and determinate structure (primary structure) is

obtained by removing member 2-3 and the horizontal reaction
at support 2 as redundant
Example 1:

2. Specify the degree of freedom Dj

The truss has four degrees of

freedom (horizontal & vertical
displacements at joint 3, vertical
displacement at joint 2 and
horizontal displacement at joint 4).
The redundant Aq & the degree of
freedom Dj are shown in Figure
below.
primary structure
Example 1:

Member Member Id. L (m)

1-2 1 2
2-4 2 2.828
1-3 3 2.828
3-4 4 2
2-3 5 2
1-4 6 2
Example 1:

3. Unassembled Structure flexibility matrix

 Determine member flexibility matrix (unassembled) from the

individual members
 Unassembled structure flexibility matrix of the truss is

2 0 0 0 0 0
 0 2.828 0 0 0 0 

1 0 0 2.828 0 0 0
fM =  
EA  0 0 0 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 2 0
 
 0 0 0 0 0 2 
Example 1:
 4. Determine action transformation matrix BMS

 Calculate the internal member forces of the primary structure for unit
values of forces AJ (Aj1, Aj2, Aj3 and Aj4) and redundant forces AQ (Aq1
and Aq2).

member Aj1 =1 Aj2 =1 Aj3 =1 Aj4 = 1 Aq1 =1 Aq2 = 1

1 1 0 0 0 1 1
2 0 0 0 0 -1.414 -1.414
3 0 0 1.414 0 0 -1.414
4 0 1 -1 0 0 1
5 0 0 0 0 0 1
6 0 0 0 1 1 1
Example 1:
1 0 0 0 0 1 
0 0 0 0 −1.414 −1.414 

0 0 1.414 0 0 −1.414 
BMS = 
0 1 0 0 0 1 
0 0 0 0 0 1 
 
0 0 0 1 1 1 

5. Determine an assembled structure flexibility matrix: fs

f s = BMS T  f M  BMS

2 0 0 0 2 2 
0 2 −2 0 0 0 

1  0 −2 7.65 0 0 −7.65
 fS =  
EA  0 0 0 2 2 2 
2 0 0 2 9.65 9.65 
 
 2 2 −7.65 2 9.65 19.3 
Example 1:

Ds = f s As
Example 1:

6. Structure Displacement
Example 1:

7. Calculate the internal member forces

 The internal member forces can be determined by