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Objectives:
Introduction of stiffness methods
Development of stiffness matrices
Analyze continuous beams with and without support settlement
Compute support reactions; draw shear force and bending moment diagrams
Analyze trusses and frames
Some Basics
Plane Frame: is a frame with members like beams, columns and braces etc. in a single plane.
Static Indeterminacy: The number of equations required over and above the equations of
static equilibrium for the analysis of structure is known as static indeterminacy.
Evaluate Static and Kinematic indeterminacy of the rigid jointed plane frame
External indeterminacy
Internal Indeterminacy
Method 1
Internal Indeterminacy = 3 − (∑ − 1)
C = No. of Closed loops
m = No. of members connected to hinge
Internal indeterminacy = 3*16 – (0) = 48
Number of members = 45
Number of joints = 30
Kinematic Indeterminacy
Number of joints = 30
DOF at each joint = 3
DOF of all the joints = 3*30=90
Dr. S. Madhuri, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of
Technology Jamshedpur.
Email: smadhuri.ce@nitjsr.ac.in
Number of fixed joints = 5
DOF of fixed joints = 15
Kinematic Indeterminacy = 90-15=75
1 2
Stiffness matrix of Member BC kBC = 0.8 0.4 1
EI 0.4 0.8 2
2 3
Stiffness matrix of Member CD kCD = 0.8 0.4 2
EI 0.4 0.8 3
1 2 3
Assembled Stiffness Matrix K= EI 0.8 0.4 0 1
0.4 1.6 0.4 2
0 0.4 0.8 3
Member forces of Member BC {f}=[k]{Δ}-{FEL} EI 0.8 0.4 1/EI 27.08 - -250 = 300.00 1
0.4 0.8 70.83 250 -182.50 2
Member forces of Member CD {f}=[k]{Δ}-{FEL} EI 0.8 0.4 1/EI 70.83 - -180 = 182.50 2
0.4 0.8 -135.42 120 -200.00 3
Analyze the continuous beam if the downward settlement of support B and C are 2000/EI and 1000/EI
1 2
Stiffness matrix of Member 1 k1 = 0.4 0.2 1
EI 0.2 0.4 2
2 3
Stiffness matrix of Member 2 k2 = 0.4 0.2 2
EI 0.2 0.4 3
1 2 3
Assembled Stiffness Matrix K= EI 0.4 0.2 0 1
0.2 0.8 0.2 2
0 0.2 0.4 3
2 3
Golbal Stiffness Matrix K= EI 0.8 0.2 2
0.2 0.4 3
Member forces of Member 1 {f}=[k]{Δ}-{Fixed End Loads} EI 0.4 0.2 1/EI 0 - -180 = 227.14 1
0.2 0.4 235.71 420 -325.71 2
Member forces of Member 2 {f}=[k]{Δ}-{Fixed End Loads} EI 0.4 0.2 1/EI 235.71 - -210 = 325.71 2
0.2 0.4 107.14 90 0.00 3
Joint 3 1 2
Memb 2 1
Dofs 7 1 4
8 2 5
9 3 6
Properties
A 0.02668 0.037675
E 200000000 200000000
I 0.00012 0.00024
L 3 4
K2 K1
dofs 7 8 9 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 1778666.67 0 0 -1778666.667 0 0 1883750 0 0 -1883750 0 0 1
8 0 10666.66667 16000 0 -10666.67 16000 0 9000 18000 0 -9000 18000 2
9 0 16000 32000 0 -16000 16000 0 18000 48000 0 -18000 24000 3
1 -1778666.67 0 0 1778666.667 0 0 -1883750 0 0 1883750 0 0 4
2 0 -10666.6667 -16000 0 10666.67 -16000 0 -9000 -18000 0 9000 -18000 5
3 0 16000 16000 0 -16000 32000 0 18000 24000 0 -18000 48000 6
Global K
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 3662416.67 0 0 -1883750 0 0 -1778667 0 0 1
2 0 19666.66667 2000 0 -9000 18000 0 -10666.66667 -16000 2
3 0 2000 80000 0 -18000 24000 0 16000 16000 3
4 -1883750 0 0 1883750 0 0 0 0 0 4
5 0 -9000 -18000 0 9000 -18000 0 0 0 5
6 0 18000 24000 0 -18000 48000 0 0 0 6
7 -1778666.67 0 0 0 0 0 1778666.7 0 0 7
8 0 -10666.6667 16000 0 0 0 0 10666.66667 16000 8
9 0 -16000 16000 0 0 0 0 16000 32000 9
Load Vector Due to Load Due to 2mm settlement at B Total Force Vector Due to Load Due to 2mm settlement at B Total Force Vector
0 0 7 0 0 0 1 0
0 21.33333333 8 21.33333 -12 -18 2 -30
0 32 9 32 -8 -36 3 -44
0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0
0 -21.33333333 2 -21.33333 -12 18 5 6
0 32 3 32 8 -36 6 -28
dof Local disp for Memb 2 Local disp for Memb 1 dof
7 0 0 1
8 0 -0.002602 2
9 0 -8.52E-05 3
1 0 0 4
2 -0.00260173 0 5
3 -8.5167E-05 0 6
dofs K2 Local disp for Memb 2 Force 2 Force 2
7 1778666.67 0 0 -1778666.667 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 10666.66667 16000 0 -10666.67 16000 0 21.3 26.38916 5.055822
9 0 16000 32000 0 -16000 16000 0 32.0 40.26507 8.265067
1 -1778666.67 0 0 1778666.667 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
2 0 -10666.6667 -16000 0 10666.67 -16000 -0.002601733 -21.3 -26.38916 -5.055822
3 0 16000 16000 0 -16000 32000 -8.51667E-05 32 38.9024 6.9024
Transpose of TBC
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0
T AB 0 0 1 0 0 0 T BC 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
20000 0 0 -20000 0 0 4 0 666.6667 2000 0 -666.667 2000 666.6667 0 2000 -666.667 0 2000 1
0 666.6667 2000 0 -666.6667 2000 6 -20000 0 0 20000 0 0 0 20000 0 0 -20000 0 2
T
K AB 0 2000 8000 0 -2000 4000 5 T k'BC 0 2000 8000 0 -2000 4000 K BC 2000 0 8000 -2000 0 4000 3
-20000 0 0 20000 0 0 1 0 -666.667 -2000 0 666.6667 -2000 -666.667 0 -2000 666.6667 0 -2000 7
0 -666.667 -2000 0 666.6667 -2000 2 20000 0 0 -20000 0 0 0 -20000 0 0 20000 0 8
0 2000 4000 0 -2000 8000 3 0 2000 4000 0 -2000 8000 2000 0 4000 -2000 0 8000 9
4 6 5 1 2 3 7 8 9
20000 0 0 -20000 0 0 0 0 0 4
0 666.666667 2000 0 -666.6666667 2000 0 0 0 6
Global Stiffness Matrix 0 2000 8000 0 -2000 4000 0 0 0 5
-20000 0 0 20666.6667 0 2000 -666.666667 0 2000 1
0 -666.66667 -2000 0 20666.66667 -2000 0 -20000 0 2
0 2000 4000 2000 -2000 16000 -2000 0 4000 3
0 0 0 -666.66667 0 -2000 666.6666667 0 -2000 7
0 0 0 0 -20000 0 0 20000 0 8
0 0 0 2000 0 4000 -2000 0 8000 9
4 5 1 2 3
20000 0 -20000 0 0 4
Global Stiffness Matrix 0 8000 0 -2000 4000 5
-20000 0 20666.67 0 2000 1
0 -2000 0 20666.6667 -2000 2
0 4000 2000 -2000 16000 3
Member AB Member BC
Force Vector 4 0 0 1 0 4
6 0 0 2 0 5
5 0 0 3 5 1
1 5 0 7 0 2
2 0 0 8 0 3
3 0 0 9
K-1 f DOF's
0.002682 0.00018399 0.002632 -1.871E-05 -0.000377339 0 0.01316 m 4
0.000184 0.000158 0.000184 9.3555E-06 -6.13306E-05 0 0.00092 rad 5
Displacement = 0.002632 0.00018399 0.002632 -1.871E-05 -0.000377339 5 = 0.01316 m 1
-1.87E-05 9.3555E-06 -1.87E-05 4.9896E-05 6.23701E-06 0 -9.4E-05 m 2
-0.000377 -6.133E-05 -0.000377 6.237E-06 0.00012578 0 -0.00189 rad 3
kBC
1 2 3 7 8 9
fBC=[kBC]{ΔBC}+{fBC} 666.6667 0 2000 -666.6667 0 2000 0.013160083 0 5 0 5
0 20000 0 0 -20000 0 -9.3555E-05 0 -1.8711 0 -1.8711
2000 0 8000 -2000 0 4000 -0.00188669 + 0 = 11.22661 + 0 = 11.22661
-666.667 0 -2000 666.6667 0 -2000 0 0 -5 0 -5
0 -20000 0 0 20000 0 0 0 1.871102 0 1.871102
2000 0 4000 -2000 0 8000 0 0 18.77339 0 18.77339