Flip Class Moment Distribution Method

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS –II (B.
Tech III year V Semester)
Moment Distribution Method (MDM): Stiffness and carry over factors – Distribution factors
– Analysis of continuous beams with and without sinking of supports – Portal frames.
Objectives:
Analyze continuous beams with support settlement
Analyze portal frames
Compute support reactions; draw shear force and bending moment diagrams
Introduction
This method was developed by Hardy Cross in 1930’s at the University of Illinois. In 1930’s
analyzing tall structures which are indeterminate was a complex problem. Hardy Cross a
brilliant American Engineer developed this method to solve continuous beams and portal
frame. Later this method was dominated by powerful Finite Element Method. MDM is a
simple method.
1. Stiffness and Carry over moment

Let us find Moment of a beam (Fig.1) fixed (A) at one end and pinned at other end (B)
Fig. 1 Beam with one end fixed and other end pinned
Bending Moment at any section x
= −
The equation of flexure, (According to Macaulay’s Principle)
= −

Integrating,

=− +
2

= − + +
6 2
The boundary conditions are,
1
Dr. S. Madhuri, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Jamshedpur.
Email: smadhuri.ce@nitjsr.ac.in
At x=0, y=0
Applying the above condition in deflection equation,
=0
At x=L, dy/dx=0.
Applying in slope equation,

= −
2
Hence,

= − + −
2 2

= − + −
6 2 2
At x=L, y=0
Applying in deflection equation,

0= − + −
6 2 2

0= −
2 3
3
=
2
We have bending moment equation,
= −
3 3
Bending Moment at Support A
= − = − =
2 2 2
To find slope at Support B,

We have slope at any section,

= − + −
2 2
At x=0,

= −
2
3 3
= − = − =
4 4 4

Hence,
=
4

Moment required produce unit rotation at support B when far end is fixed is
=
!
2
Fig. 2 Bending Moment Diagram
Stiffness of simply supported beam when far end is hinged
Let us assume a beam (Fig. 3) simply supported at one and hinged at other end. The beam is
subjected to moment at simply supported end.
Fig. 3 Beam simply supported at one end and hinged at far end
Taking moment about A, (Moment at A is zero, since the support is hinged)
− = 0

=

3
−
Bending moment at any section, Mx=
= − = # $

The equation of flexure, (According to Macaulay’s Principle)
−
= # $

Integrating,

= − +
2
Integrating

= − + +
6 2
At x=0, y=0
Applying the above boundary condition in deflection equation, C2=0
At x=L, y=0,
Applying the above boundary condition in deflection equation,

0= − +
6 2

=
3
Slope Equation,

= − +
2 3
At x=0,

=
3

=
3
%
Moment required to produce unit rotation at support B when far end is hinged,
=
!
2. Distribution Theorem
A moment which is applied to a structural joint to produce rotation without translation,

gets distributed among the members meeting at the joint is proportion to their stiffness.
Let four members OA, OB, OC and OD are rigidly connected at O.

Let lengths of each member, L1, L2, L3 and L4
Let Modulus of elasticity of each member, E1, E2, E3 and E4
4
Fig. 4
When moment M is applied and point O,
4
Stiffness of each member,
&' =

3
&' =

4
&'( =

3* *
&') =
*
Total stiffness, k=kOA+kOB+kOC+kOD
Distribution factor of a member = Stiffness of the member/Total Stiffness

+
Distribution factor of member OA= ,-
+
Relative Stiffness
If modulus of elasticity is same for all the members, then
&' : &' : &'( : &')
4 3 4 3*

: : :
*
3 3 *
: : :
4 4 *
3. Example Problems- Beams with single span
5
1. Find the distribution factor of each member
Joint Member Relative Total Stiffness Distribution

Stiffness Factor
B BA I/L=2I/6 0132 4
=
3 13 0131122 13
3 3 3 9 + =
BC
= = 3 4 12 03142 9
4 4 3 12 =
0131122 13
2. A beam is fixed at support A and simply supported at Support D. It is loaded with

200kN and 100kN of load as shown in Fig. P.2. Find the support reactions. Draw
Shear Force (SF) and Bending moment (BM) diagrams.
Step1. Assume that the beam is fixed at supports A and D. Find the fixed end moments
Step2. Apply reduced moments based on support condition.
Step 3 Apply carry over moment to the other support and find the fixed end support moment.
Step4 Find the support reactions and draw SF and BM diagrams.
Note: Sign Convention

Clockwise moment +ve, Anti clockwise moment –ve
Fixed end moments.
6
456 200 ∗ 3 ∗ 3 100 ∗ 1 ∗ 5
) = − =− − = −163.89&<=
7 6 6
45 6 200 ∗ 3 ∗ 3 100 ∗ 5 ∗ 1
) =+ = + = 219.44&<=
7 6 6
Support A D
Fixed End Moments (kN-m) -163.89 219.44
Balance Moment -219.44
Carryover Moment -109.72
Total Moment -273.61 0
To find support reactions,

Applying equilibrium condition, ∑ = 0
) ∗ 6 − 200 ∗ 3 − 100 ∗ 5 + 273.61 = 0
) = 137.73&<
Applying equilibrium condition, ∑ @ = 0
= 200 + 100 − 137.73 = 162.27&<
7
3. Analyze the continuous beam which is shown in Fig. P. 3
8
Solution:
Step 1 Find the distribution of members that are connected to joints.
Step 2 Find Fixed end moments
Step 3 Release the moments of simply supported end that is located at one end of the beam
Step 4 Apply carry over moment to the adjacent joint
Step 5 Balance the common joint
Step 6 Apply carry over moment to the adjacent joint
Step 7 Repeat the above process till the moments are satisfied.
Finding Distribution factors

Stiffness Factor
012 4
=
B BA I/L
3 7 7
0 142 7
3 + =
BC 4 4 03142 3
4 =
07142 7
Fixed End Moments
ABCD BCD
=
, =
ABCD BCD
( = , ( =

Moment Distribution Method
Joint A B C
Member AB BA BC CB
Distribution Factor 4/7 3/7
−E21 E21 −E21 E21
12 12 12 12
Fixed End Moments
−E21
12
Release C
9
−E21
24
Carry over Moment
−F!G1 F!G1 −F!G1

HG HG I
Total Moment 0
4 3
JE 124K JE 124K
2 2
Balance at B
7 7
= F! 1G = F! 1LM
G G
F!G1
I
Carry Over
Moments
−F!G1 +%F!G1 −%F!G1
H GI GI
Total Moments 0
−F!G1 +%F!G1 −%F!G1
H GI GI
Final Moments 0
4. Analyze the continuous beam with both end fixed support shown in Fig. P.4
Fig. P. 4 Continuous beam with both ends fixed condition
−4 −100 ∗ 5
Fixed end moments
N = = = −62.5&<=
8 8
4 100 ∗ 5
N = = = 62.5&<=
8 8
−E −20 ∗ 7.5
( N = = = −93.75&<=
12 12
E 20 ∗ 7.5
( N = = = 93.75&<=
12 12
Distribution Factors
10
Stiffness Factor
O0.2P
= 0.333
B BA I/L=I/5=0.2I
0.2 + 0.4 O0.6P
3 = 0.6 O0.4P
= = 0.4 = 0.667
BC
7.5 O0.6P
Analysis of beam
Joint A B C
Member AB BA BC CB
Distribution Factor 0.333 0.667
Fixed End Moments (kNm) -62.5 62.5 -93.75 93.75
Balance at Joint B (kNm) 10.41 20.84
Carry Over Moment (kNm) 5.20 10.42
Total Moments (kNm) -57.30 72.91 -72.91 104.17
Finding Support Reactions
Sum of Moments at B is zero

Rc*7.5= 593.77
Rc= 79.17 kN
Ra*5= 234.39
Ra= 46.88 kN
Sum of forces in Vertical direction is zero
Ra+Rb+Rc= 250
Rb= 123.95 kN
11
Bending Moment Diagram
200.00
Bending Moment (kNm)
150.00
100.00
50.00 Sagging BM
0.00 Hogging BM
-50.00 0 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12 13.5 Combined BM
-100.00
-150.00
Distance from Support A (m)
12
5. Analyze the continuous beam with over hang in end and fixed at other end shown in
Fig. P. 5.
Fig. 5 Continuous beam with over hang in one end
Fixed End Moments
Beam AB
MABF -wl2/12 -53.33 kNm
MBAF 2
wl /12 53.33 kNm
Beam CD
MCDF -Wb2a/l2 -106.67 kNm
F 2 2
MDC Wa b/l 106.67 kNm
Relative Stiffness of
Members
kAB I/L I/4
kBC I/L I/4
kCD 3I/4L 3I/24 I/8
Joint Member Relative Total Distribution

Stiffness Stiffness Factor
B BA 0.25I 0.5
BC 0.25I 0.5I 0.5
C CB 0.25I 0.375I 0.67
CD 0.125I 0.33
13
Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC DE
Distribution Factor 0.5 0.5 0.67 0.33 1 0
Fixed End Moments (kNm) -53.33 53.33 0.00 0.00 -106.67 106.67 -150.00
Balance at Joint D (kNm) 43.33

Carry Over Moment (kNm) 21.67
Total Moments (kNm) -53.33 53.33 0.00 0.00 -85.00 150.00 -150.00
Balance at Joint C (kNm) 56.67 28.33

Carry Over Moment (kNm) 28.33
Total Moments (kNm) -53.33 53.33 28.33 56.67 -56.67 150.00 -150.00
Balance at Joint B (kNm) -40.83 -40.83

Carry Over Moment (kNm) -20.42
Total Moments (kNm) -73.75 12.50 -12.50 56.67 -56.67 150.00 -150.00
14
Sum of moments at support C is zero
Rd*6= 873.33
Rd= 145.56 kN
Sum of moments at support B is zero

Rc*4+Rd*10= 1757.50
Rc= 75.49 kN
Sum of moments at support A is zero

(Rb*4)+(Rc*8)+(Rd*14)= 2856.25
Rb= 53.65 kN
Sum of vertical forces is zero,

Ra+Rb+Rc+Rd= 370.00 kN
Ra= 95.31 kN
15
Net Hogging Moment (kNm)
Net Sagging Moment (kNm)
Sagging Moment (kNm)
16
4. Effect of sinking of supports
4.1 When both the ends are fixed
Fig. 4.1 Beam fixed at both ends and sink at one end.
Let us assume a beam AB fixed at both ends. Support B has a sink of Δ. The flexural rigidity
of the beam is EI. Length of the beam is L.
Moment at any section XX,

= −
According to Macaulay’s theorem,
= −

Integrating,

= − +
2

= − + +
6 2
At x=0, dy/dx=0
Applying the above boundary condition, = 0
At x=0, y=Δ;
0 0
Q = − + 0 +
6 2
= Q
From the equilibrium of the beam,
2
RL=M+M
=

We have one more boundary condition, At x=L, y=0;
Applying the above boundary condition and R in the equation below,

= − + Q
6 2
17
2
O0P = − + Q = − + Q
∗6 2 3 2

0=− + Q
6

Q =
6
6Q
=

RSTU
C
The moment at fixed end due to sinking of Δ at one end of the beam is, D
4.2 When one end is fixed and other end hinged/pinned
Fig. 4.2 Beam fixed at one end and pinned at other end. Support B has sink of Δ.
Let us assume a beam AB fixed at one end and pinned at other end. Support B has a sink of
Δ. The flexural rigidity of the beam is EI. Length of the beam is L.
Moment at any section XX,

= −
According to Macaulay’s theorem,
= −

Integrating,

= − +
2

= − + +
6 2
At x=0, dy/dx=0
Applying the above boundary condition, = 0
At x=0, y=Δ;
0 0
Q = − + 0 +
6 2
= Q
18
From the equilibrium of the beam,

RL=M
=

We have one more boundary condition, At x=L, y=0;
Applying the above boundary condition and R in the equation below,

= − + Q
6 2

O0P = − + Q = − + Q
∗6 2 6 2

0=− + Q
3

Q =
3
3Q
=

STU
The moment at fixed end due to sinking of Δ at one end of the beam is, CD
Problems
4.1 Analyze the following beam. Support B sinks by 2.5mm. Assume EI is constant
throughout the beam. I=3.5*10-7mm4, E=200GPa.
Modulus of Elasticity E 200 kN/mm2

Modulus of Elasticity E 200000000 kN/m2
Area Moment of Inertia I 35000000 mm4
Area Moment of Inertia I 0.000035 m4
Sink of support B Δ 0.0025 m
Fixed End Moment directions
19
Fixed End Moments
Moment (kNm) due to Moment (kNm) due to
Sinking of Sinking of Fixed End
Loading support Loading support Moments (kNm)
Beam AB
MABF -wl2/12 -6EI*delta/L2 -30.00 -11.67 -41.67
MBAF 2
wl /12 -6EI*delta/L 2
30.00 -11.67 18.33
Beam BC
MBCF -Wb2a/l2 6EI*delta/L2 -25.00 26.25 1.25
F 2 2 2
MCB Wa b/l 6EI*delta/L 25.00 26.25 51.25
Beam CD
MCDF -wl2/12 Nil -37.50 0.00 -37.50
F 2
MDC wl /12 Nil 37.50 0.00 37.50
20
Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
Distribution Factor 1 0.4 0.6 0.60 0.40 1
Fixed End Moments (kNm) -41.67 18.33 1.25 51.25 -37.50 37.50
Balance at Joints B and C (kNm) -7.83 -11.75 -8.25 -5.50
Carry Over Moment (kNm) -3.92 -4.13 -5.88 -2.75
Total Moments (kNm) -45.58 10.50 -14.63 37.13 -43.00 34.75
Balance at Joints B and C (kNm) 1.65 2.48 3.53 2.35
Carry Over Moment (kNm) 0.83 1.76 1.24 1.18
Balance at Joints B and C (kNm) -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00
21
Find Support Reactions
Support Reactions
Sum of Moment at B is zero (Considering Left side)

Ra*3= 213.52
Ra= 71.17 kN
Sum of Moment at C is zero (Considering Right side)
Rd*3= 219.81
Rd= 73.27 kN
Sum of Moment at C is zero (Considering Left side)
Ra*5+Rb*2= 524.10
Rb= 84.12 kN
Ra+Rb+Rc+Rd= 370
Rc= 141.44 kN
Sum of Moment at B is zero (Considering right side)
Rd*5+Rc*2= 649.23
Rc= 141.44 kN
22
5. Portal Frames-Non Sway
Analyze the following portal frame.
Fixed End Moments

Fixed End
Moments
Loading (kNm)
Beam AB
MABF -Wb2a/l2 -7.20
F 2 2
MBA Wa b/l 4.80
Beam BC
MBCF -wl2/12 -1.50
MCBF wl2/12 1.50
Beam CD
MBDF 0.00
F
MDB 0.00
Relative Stiffness of Members

kAB I/L 2I/5
kBC 3I/4L 3I/12=I/4
kCD I/L I/3
Distribution Factor
B BA 0.4I 0.41
BC 0.25I 0.98I 0.26
BD 0.33I 0.34
Moment Distribution Method:

23
Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BD BC CB DB
Distribution Factor 1 0.41 0.34 0.26 1.00 1
Fixed End Moments (kNm) -7.20 4.80 0.00 -1.50 1.50 0.00
Balance at Joint C (kNm) -1.50
Carry Over Moment (kNm) -0.75
Total Moments (kNm) -7.20 4.80 0.00 -2.25 0.00 0.00
Balance at Joint B (kNm) -1.04 -0.86 -0.65
Carry Over Moment (kNm) -0.52 -0.43
Total Moments (kNm) -7.72 3.76 -0.86 -2.90 0.00 -0.43
Support Reactions (kN)

Sum of Moment at B is zero (Considering Left side)
Ra*5= 33.96
Ra= 6.79
Sum of Moment at B is zero (Considering Right side)
Rc*3= 6.10
Rc= 2.03
Sum of Moment at B is zero (Considering BD)
Rd*3= 1.29
Rd= 0.43
Taking Sum of forces in X direction is Zero,
Ra= 0.43
Taking Sum of forces in Y direction is Zero,

Ra+Rc+Rd= 16
Rd= 7.17
24
Force Diagram
Bending Moment Diagram
25
Analyze the following frame
Fixed End
Moments
Loading (kNm)
Beam AB
MABF -Wb2a/l2 -8.00
MBAF Wa2b/l2 8.00
Beam BC
MBCF -wl2/12 -5.33
MCBF wl2/12 5.33
Beam AD
MADF 0.00
MDAF 0.00
Beam BE
MBEF 0.00
MEBF 0.00

kAB I/L I/3
kBC I/L I/4
kAD I/L I/3
kBE 3I/4L I/4
Distribution Factor
26
BA 0.33I 0.40
B BC 0.25I 0.83I 0.30
BE 0.25I 0.30
AB 0.33I 0.5
A 0.66I
AD 0.33I 0.5
Joint D A B C E
Member DA AD AB BA BE BC CB EB
Distribution Factor 1 0.5 0.5 0.40 0.30 0.30 1 1
Fixed End Moments (kNm) 0 0.00 -8.00 8.00 0.00 -5.33 5.33 0
Balance at Joint A and B 4 -0.80
4 -1.06 -0.80
(kNm)
Carry Over Moment (kNm) 2.00 -0.53 2.00 -0.40
Total Moments (kNm) 2.00 4.00 -4.53 8.94 -0.80 -6.14 4.93 0.00
Balance at Joint A and B
(kNm) 0.27 0.27 -0.80 -0.60 -0.60
(kNm) 0.20 0.20 -0.05 -0.04 -0.04
(kNm) 0.01 0.01 -0.04 -0.03 -0.03
(kNm) 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
27
28
6. Portal Frames-With Sway
In the case of portal frames with side sway, analyze the frame with the loading as done in the
case of portal frames without side sway.
Assume some arbitrary fixed moments which accounts side sway. Find the reactions due to
side sway.
Take algebraic sum of the reactions due to assumed sway moments must be equal to the sway
force applied.
Causes of side sway

Eccentric or un-symmetric loading on the frame
Unsymmetrical outline of the portal frame
Different boundary conditions
Non uniform section of the members
Horizontal loading
Settlement of supports
Combination of the above causes
Analyze the portal frame with side sway.
Loading Let Fixed End Moments (kNm)

Beam AB
-
F
MAB 6EIdelta/l2 -10.00
-
MBAF 6EIdelta/l2 -10.00
Beam BC
MBCF
MCBF
Beam CD
-
F
MCD 3EIdelta/l2 -5.00
F
MDC 0 0.00

29
kAB I/L I/4
kBC I/L I/4
kCD 3I/4L 3I/16
Distribution Factor
BA 0.25I 0.50
B 0.5I
BC 0.25I 0.50
CB 0.25I 0.57
C 0.4375I
CD 0.1875I 0.43
30
Joint A B C D
Distribution Factor 1 0.50 0.50 0.57 0.43 1.00
Fixed End Moments (kNm) -10.00 -10.00 0.00 0.00 -5.00 0.00
Balance at Joint B and C (kNm) 5 5 2.86 2.14 0.00
Carry Over Moment (kNm) 2.50 1.43 2.50
Total Moments (kNm) -7.50 -5.00 6.43 5.36 -2.86 0.00
Balance at Joint B and C (kNm) -0.71 -0.71 -1.43 -1.07 0.00
Carry Over Moment (kNm) -0.36 -0.71 -0.36
Balance at Joint B and C (kNm) 0.36 0.36 0.20 0.15 0.00
Balance at Joint B and C (kNm) -0.05 -0.05 -0.10 -0.08 0.00
Carry Over Moment (kNm) -0.03 -0.05 -0.03
Balance at Joint B and C (kNm) 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.00
31
Joint A B C D
Total Moments (kNm) -7.69
7.69 -5.39 5.38 3.84 -3.85 0.00
Total Moments (kNm) -7.69
7.69 -5.38 5.38 3.85 -3.85 0.00
Support Reactions
Sum of Moment at B is zero (Considering AB)
Rax*4= 13.07
Rax= 3.27 kN
Sum of Moment at C is zero (Considering CD)
Rdx*4= 3.85
Rdx= 0.96 kN
Sway force causing the assumed moments is, (kN) 4.23
But actual sway force is 10 kN
32
Hence moments will increase proportionately, 10/4.23
Joint A B C D
Member AD BA BC CB CD DC
For Sway force 4.23kN -7.69 -5.38 5.38 3.85 -3.85 0.00
For Sway force 10kN -18.18 -12.73 12.73 9.09 -9.09 0.00
33
Analyze the frame using MDM
Loading Fixed End Moments (kNm)

Beam AB
MABF 0.00
MBAF 0.00
Beam BC
MBCF -wl2/12 -2.00
F 2
MCB wl /12 2.00
Beam CD
MCDF 0.00
MDCF 0.00

kAB I/L 2I/3
kBC I/L I/2
kCD I/L I/4
Distribution Factor
BA 0.67I 0.57
B 1.17I
BC 0.5I 0.43
CB 0.5I 0.67
C 0.75I
CD 0.25I 0.33
34
Joint A B C D
Fixed End Moments (kNm) 0.00 0.00 -2.00 2.00 0.00 -2.00
Balance at Joint B and C (kNm) 1.15 0.85 -1.33 -0.67
Total Moments (kNm) 0.57 1.15 -1.81 1.09 -0.67 -2.33
Balance at Joint B and C (kNm) 0.01 0.00 -0.01 0.00
Balance at Joint B and C (kNm) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
35
Deflected Shape
Fixed End Moments

Loading (kNm)
Beam AB
MABF 6EI delta/l2 1.33
F 2
MBA 6EI delta/l 1.33
Beam BC
MBCF 0.00
MCBF 0.00
Beam CD
MCDF 6EIdelta/l2 1.50
F 2
MDC 6EIdelta/l 1.50
36
Joint A B C D
Fixed End Moments (kNm) 1.3333 1.3333 0.0000 0.0000 1.5000 1.5000
Balance at Joint B and C (kNm) -0.7635 -0.5698 -1.0000 -0.5000
Total Moments (kNm) 0.95 0.57 -1.07 -1.28 1.00 1.25
Support Reactions
37
Sum of Moment at B is zero (Considering
AB)
Rax*3= 1.90
Rax= 0.63 kN
Sum of Moment at C is zero (Considering
CD)
Rdx*2= 2.34
Rdx= 1.17 kN
Sway force causing the assumed moments

is, 1.80kN
But actual sway force is 0.2 kN
Hence moments will increase proportionately, 10/4.23
38
Joint A B C D
For Sway force 1.8kN 1.08 0.82 -0.82 -1.06 1.06 1.28
For Sway force 0.2kN 0.12 0.09 -0.09 -0.12 0.12 0.14
Moments due to loading 0.82 1.64 -1.64 0.87 -0.87 -2.44
Final Moments 0.94 1.73 -1.74 0.75 -0.75 -2.29
39

Flip Class Moment Distribution Method

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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS –II (B.

Tech III year V Semester)

1. Stiffness and Carry over moment

Bending Moment at any section x

To find slope at Support B,

Stiffness of simply supported beam when far end is hinged

Taking moment about A, (Moment at A is zero, since the support is hinged)

A moment which is applied to a structural joint to produce rotation without translation,

Let four members OA, OB, OC and OD are rigidly connected at O.

When moment M is applied and point O,

Total stiffness, k=kOA+kOB+kOC+kOD

Distribution factor of a member = Stiffness of the member/Total Stiffness

&' : &' : &'( : &')

4 3 4 3*

3. Example Problems- Beams with single span

Joint Member Relative Total Stiffness Distribution

2. A beam is fixed at support A and simply supported at Support D. It is loaded with

Note: Sign Convention

Fixed end moments.

To find support reactions,

 = 200 + 100 − 137.73 = 162.27&<

Finding Distribution factors

Joint Member Relative Total Stiffness Distribution

Fixed End Moments

Moment Distribution Method

−F!G1 F!G1 −F!G1

Fig. P. 4 Continuous beam with both ends fixed condition

Finding Support Reactions

Sum of Moments at B is zero

Fig. 5 Continuous beam with over hang in one end

Fixed End Moments

Joint Member Relative Total Distribution

Balance at Joint D (kNm) 43.33

Balance at Joint C (kNm) 56.67 28.33

Balance at Joint B (kNm) -40.83 -40.83

Sum of moments at support B is zero

Sum of moments at support A is zero

Sum of vertical forces is zero,

4.1 When both the ends are fixed

Moment at any section XX,

4.2 When one end is fixed and other end hinged/pinned

Moment at any section XX,

Modulus of Elasticity E 200 kN/mm2

Fixed End Moment directions

Moment Distribution Method

Sum of Moment at B is zero (Considering Left side)

Fixed End Moments

Relative Stiffness of Members

Moment Distribution Method:

Support Reactions (kN)

Taking Sum of forces in Y direction is Zero,

Bending Moment Diagram

Relative Stiffness of Members

Moment Distribution Method

Causes of side sway

Analyze the portal frame with side sway.

Loading Let Fixed End Moments (kNm)

Relative Stiffness of Members

Sway force causing the assumed moments is, (kN) 4.23

But actual sway force is 10 kN

Loading Fixed End Moments (kNm)

Relative Stiffness of Members

Fixed End Moments

Sway force causing the assumed moments

&' : &' : &'( : &')

4 3 4 3*

= 200 + 100 − 137.73 = 162.27&<