Short Answers:

Question 1.
A simple pendulum makes 20 oscillations in 40 seconds. What is the time period and
frequency of its oscillation?
Answer:

Question 2.
Sonali heard sound of thunderbolt 5 second after she saw flash of lightning. How far is she
from the place where lightning occurs? (speed of sound = 330 m/s)
Answer: Distance of Sonali from the place of lightning = 330 x 5 = 1650 m
Question 3.
What is frequency?
Answer: The number of oscillations per second is called frequency. Its unit is hertz.
Question 4.
What do you mean by oscillatory motion?
Answer: The to and fro motion of an object is called vibration. This motion in both the
direction from its mean position is called oscillatory motion.
Question 5.
Two astronauts are floating close to each other in space. Can they talk to each other without
using any special device? Give reasons.
Answer: No, because in space there is no atmosphere and sound needs medium to travel.
Question 6.
What do you mean by time period?
Answer:The time taken by a vibrating body to complete one oscillation is called the time
period.
Question 7.
What are the harms of noise pollution?
Answer: Lack of sleep, hypertension, anxiety and temporary or even permanent impairment
of hearing.
Question 8.
What do you mean by audible sound?
Answer:The sound which we can hear clearly is known as audible sound. It has a range of
frequencies from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
Question 9.
What are infrasonic sounds?
Answer:Sounds which have frequency lower than 20 Hz are called infrasonic sounds.
Question 10.
What is noise pollution?
Answer:The presence of unwanted and excessive sound in the environment is called noise
pollution.

LONG ANSWERS
Question 1.
State the differences between ultrasonic sound and infrasonic sound?
Ultrasonic sound Infrasonic sound
(i) Sound of frequency higher than 20,000 Hz is called (i) Sound of frequency lower than 20 Hz is
ultrasonic sound. called the infrasonic sound.
(ii) Animals like dog, bat, monkey, deer, etc., can hear (ii) Animals like whale, elephant, hippopotamus,
ultrasonic sound. giraffe, etc., can hear infrasonic sound.
Question 2.
What are the methods to control noise pollution?
Answer: Following are the methods to control noise pollution:

 The noise pollution can be controlled by reducing the respective sources of noise
pollution.
 The blowing of horns and speaker should be strictly avoided near schools and
hospitals.
 More and more trees should be planted on the roadside because trees absorb sound.
Question 3.
What is the property of vibration which determines the pitch of the sound?
Answer: The frequency is the property which determines the shrillness or pitch of a sound. If
the frequency of a sound is higher then we say that the sound has lower pitch.
Question 4.
Define frequency.
Answer:The number of oscillations completed by a vibrating body in one second is called
frequency. The unit of frequency is hertz. It is denoted by Hz. If a vibrating body makes 20
oscillations in a second we say that its frequency is 20 Hz. The human voice can produce
frequency between 60 Hz and 13,000 Hz. It is interesting that a human ear can hear sound of
frequency between 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
Question 5.
A string musical instrument was first plucked with a force of smaller magnitude and then
with a force of greater magnitude. In which case would the instrument produce a louder
sound?
Answer: The loudness of sound depends upon the amplitude of vibration. The amplitude of
string is larger when it is plucked with greater force and hence the sound will be louder in
that case.
Question 6.
Differentiate between musical sound and noise.
Answer:
Musical  Noise
(i) Musical sound is pleasant, smooth and agreeable to (i) Noise is unpleasant, jarring and disagreeable t
the ear. the ear.
(ii) It is produced by periodic vibrations which are (ii) It is produced by irregular vibrations which a
regular and continuous. discontinuous.
(iii) There are no sudden changes in loudness and (iii) There are sudden changes in loudness and pi
pitch of musical sound. of noise.
Higher Order Thinking Skills:
Question 1.
How is sound produced and how is it transmitted and heard by us?
Answer: Sound is a form of energy produced and transmitted by a vibrating matter. It travels
in form of waves through matter and moves in to and fro direction. When this wave reach
eardrum it makes the eardrum to vibrate. The eardrum sends vibrations to the inner ear. From
there, the signal goes to the brain and we are able to hear the sound.
Question 2.
Suppose a bell is ringing in a vacuum. Will you able to hear the sound?
Answer:We will not be able to hear the sound of vibration because sound cannot travel in
vacuum.
Question 3.
What is the function of hair and wax in ear canal?
Answer:The hair and wax in the ear canal help to keep out foreign debris such as dirt and
bugs.
Question 4.
When we speak and hear, does any part of our body vibrate? Name them.
Answer:Yes. When we speak, vocal cords vibrate to produce sound and when we hear,
eardrum vibrate to receive the sound wave.
Question 5.
We have learnt that vibration is necessary for producing sound. Explain why the sound
produced by every vibrating body cannot be heard by us.
Answer:If the sound of vibrating body is audible then only we will be able to heard it
otherwise we will not be able to hear it.
Question 6.
Why we are able to hear sound of a clock clearer at night than in day?
Answer:The noise level is quite low at night. Therefore the sound of the clock appears much
clearer at night than in the day.

Value Based Questions:

Question 1.
On Ramesh’s 13th birthday, his father invited all his friends and their relatives. It was a big
party with lots of food and DJs. Ramesh didn’t like the loud sound of DJs and asked his
father to play it in a low volume so that their neighbours do not get much disturbed and
people in the party can also enjoy the music. Ramesh’s father felt good for his wisdom and
did as he said.
(a) Do you enjoy loud sound DJs in parties?
(b) Do you think when loud music is played in a party is acceptable to all the people living in
, neighbourhood?
(c) How can you control noise pollution at your end?
(d) What value of Ramesh is shown here?
Answer:
(a) Yes/No (according to your choice)
(b) No, it may be not acceptable to all the people living in neighbourhood.
(c) We can control noise pollution at our end by:

 not playing music loudly.

 planting trees around house.
 cushioning gaps in windows and doors.
 using ear plugs at noisy places.
 doing meditation.
(d) Ramesh is wise, mature, knows hazards of noise pollution, concern about others and
good-hearted.