CA51013

IT APP TOOLS
IN BUSINESS
I. PUNSALAN
THE COMPUTER SERVICES FUNCTION
Distributed Data Centralized Data
Processing Processing

Most companies fall in between.

Reorganizing the All data processing is performed by
computer services one or more large computers
function into small housed at a central site that
information processing serves users throughout the
units that are distributed organization.
to end users and
placed under their control Primary areas:
database administration, data
processing, systems
development, systems
maintenance
ORGANIZATION OF COMPUTER SERVICES
FUNCTION IN A CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
Business
Organization

Computer
Marketing Production Finance
Services

Systems Database Data

Development Administration Processing

New Systems
Data Control
Development

Systems Data
Maintenance Preparation

Computer
Operations

Data Library
 ORGANIZATION OF COMPUTER SERVICES
FUNCTION IN A DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM

Business
Organization

Marketing Administration Production Finance

Information Information Information Information

Processing Processing Processing Processing
Unit (IPU) Unit (IPU) Unit (IPU) Unit (IPU)
POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES OF DDP

▸ Cost reductions in hardware and

data entry tasks
▸ Improved cost control
responsibility
▸ Improved user satisfaction since
control is closer to the user level
▸ Backup of data can be improved
through the use of multiple data
storage sites
POTENTIAL DISADVANTAGES OF DDP

▸ Loss of control
▸ Mismanagement of company
resources
▸ Hardware and software
incompatibility
▸ Redundant tasks and data
▸ Consolidating tasks usually
segregated
▸ Difficulty attracting qualified
personnel
▸ Lack of standards
THE ROLE OF
ACCOUNTANTS
IN AIS
ACCOUNTANTS AS
INFORMATION
SYSTEM USERS
Accountants must be able to clearly
convey their needs to the systems
professionals who design the system.

The accountant should actively

participate in systems development
projects to ensure appropriate systems
design.
ACCOUNTANTS AS
SYSTEM DESIGNERS
The accounting function is responsible for the
conceptual system, while the computer function is
responsible for the physical system.

The conceptual system determines the nature of the

information required, its sources, its destination, and
the accounting rules that must be applied.
ACCOUNTANTS AS
SYSTEM AUDITORS
● External Auditor
▸ attest to fairness of financial statements
▸ assurance service: broader in scope than
traditional attestation audit

● IT Auditor
▸ evaluate IT, often as part of external audit

● Internal Auditors
▸ in-house IS and IT appraisal services
TECHNOLOGY
FOR SUCCESS
TECHNOLOGY

The term came from the Greek

word techne which means art and
craft. It was first used to describe
applied arts but now it is used to
describe the advancement and
changes around us.
COMPUTERS

Generally speaking, computers can be

classified into three generations. Each
generation lasted for a certain period of
time, and each gave us, either a new and
improved computer, or an improvement
to the existing computer.
COMPUTERS
• First Generation – vacuum tubes
COMPUTERS
• Second Generation – transistors, memory
COMPUTERS
• Third Generation – integrated circuits,
smaller, more reliable
INTERNET OF
THINGS
INTERNET OF THINGS

The ability of devices to communicate with each

other without human interference.

Sensors and microchips (embedded computers) are

installed in specific devices and from there, the
collected data are transmitted to an application,
usually via the internet, that will store, process,
analyze, and share this data in a cloud.
INTERNET OF THINGS
Capabilities:

● Speech Recognition
● Logical Reasoning
● Creative Responses
● Immersive Technology
TECHNOLOGY IN
OUR DAILY
LIVES
 Workplace

Manufacturing Environment

Commerce

Education Transportation

Healthcare Personal
PERSONAL
• Smartphones
• Artificial Intelligence (Games and Apps)
• Digital Assistants (Siri, Google Assistant)
• Accessibility Options (Speech Recognition,
LED Alerts, Face ID)

CAN YOU THINK OF

OTHER EXAMPLES?
WORKPLACE
• Work from home (Collaborative
Productivity Software)
• Working Remotely (Zoom, Google Meet)

CAN YOU THINK OF

OTHER EXAMPLES?
EDUCATION
• Learning Management System
(Blackboard, Canvas, Edmodo)
• eBooks
• Social Networking (Facebook, Twitter,
Instagram)

CAN YOU THINK OF

OTHER EXAMPLES?
TRANSPORTATION
• Global Positioning System (GPS – Google
Maps, Waze)
• Tracking of parcels for delivery
• Modes of Transportations (Driverless Cars)

CAN YOU THINK OF

OTHER EXAMPLES?
HEALTH
• 3D Printers (for substitute to the actual
thing, for medical schools use)
• High technology apparatuses
• mHealth – Mobile Health

CAN YOU THINK OF

OTHER EXAMPLES?
MANUFACTURING
• Robotics
• Computer aided manufacturing – machine
to machine communication

CAN YOU THINK OF

OTHER EXAMPLES?
COMMERCE
• E-commerce
o B2B – BPOs
o B2C – Online shopping
o C2C – FB Marketplace

CAN YOU THINK OF

OTHER EXAMPLES?
ENVIRONMENT
• Green Computing – eco-friendly use of
computers and other forms of technology
(proper disposal, paperless)
• Energy Star – less use of energy

CAN YOU THINK OF

OTHER EXAMPLES?
COMPUTER
HARDWARE
COMPUTER HARDWARE

Computer hardware is the collection of

all the parts you can physically touch.
 COMPUTER HARDWARE

COMPUTER
HARDWARE

Processing Storage Input Output

Device Device Device Device

CAN YOU THINK OF EXAMPLES OF EACH?

PROCESSING DEVICE
● Process raw data into
meaningful information

● Central Processing Unit (CPU) –

complex integrated circuit
primarily responsible for
converting data into
meaningful information
STORAGE DEVICE
● For storage, for retention

● Computer Memory – holds data and programs

○ RAM – main memory, volatile
○ ROM – permanently stores data
○ SSD, HDD, External HDD, Flash Drive, Optical
Drive, Cloud Storage
INPUT DEVICE
● Input/enter command to a
computer

● Mouse, pen, scanner, keyboard,

touch pad, track ball, joystick,
microphone, camera
OUTPUT DEVICE
● Disseminate data and information to the user

● Printers, monitors, projectors, headphones,

speakers
MICRO-
COMPUTERS
MICRO-COMPUTERS
▸ Small, relatively inexpensive

▸ Personal Computer (PC)

○ Desktop Computer
○ All-in-one Computer
○ Portable/Mobile Device
COMPUTER
SOFTWARE
COMPUTER SOFTWARE

Program that enables a computer to

preform a specific task
 COMPUTER SOFTWARE
COMPUTER SOFTWARE

System Software Application Software

Device Management
Operating Software
Apps

Language Processor Productivity Apps

Utility Software Communication Apps

Personal Interest Apps

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

Designed to run a computer’s hardware

and application programs, or provide a
platform for other software

Three Classifications:
▸ Operating System
▸ Language Processor
▸ Utility Software
SYSTEM SOFTWARE

Operating Language Utility

System Processor Software
Communicates with Used to perform tasks, Help to analyze,
hardware and allows such as processing configure, or maintain a
other programs to run program code to computer or support its
machine code infrastructure
Examples: Windows,
MAC OS, Linux iOS, “Translates” computer Examples: Disk
Android language and relays to Defragmentation,
the machine Antivirus, Backup
Software
Examples: Pascal, PHP,
Java
APPLICATION SOFTWARE

App or application program, which is

designed to help people perform an
activity

Four Classifications:
▸ Device Management Apps
▸ Productivity Apps
▸ Communication Apps
▸ Personal Interest Apps
APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Device
Productivity
Management
Provide tools for Creation of documents,
maintaining a computer graphics, and used to
or device interact with digital
media
Example: Jamf Pro,
Ripping, Scalefusion Examples: Microsoft
Office, Photoshop
APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Personal
Communication
Interest
Allows users to share or Tools to pursue their
receive communication personal interest

Examples: Skype, Zoom Example: Game Apps

 Educational Multimedia

Word
Enterprise
Processing

Database

Spreadsheet Simulation

Presentation Content
Access

Information
Worker
COMPUTER
SAFETY AND
HEALTH RISKS
RISK
RISK – The possibility something
might occur that results in an injury
or loss.
• Information – data and programs,
attackers
• Environment – toxic electronic
components
• Health – eye strain, poor posture,
muscle fatigue
• Attackers – Script kitties, Hactivists,
Cyberterrorists
RISK
• Online Risks – Online banking, e-
commerce shopping, fake websites,
data mining
• Environmental – e-waste
• Physical – Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)
• Behavioral – Technology addiction,
sedentary lifestyle
• Social Health – Cyberbullying,
Cyberstalking
• Malicious Software – aka Malware,
includes virus, worm, trojan,
ransomware, address spoofing
PROTECTION
AND SAFETY
PROTECTION AND
SAFETY
• Protect yourself while online
• Use of surge protector (UPS) to protect
against blackouts
• Protect devices from theft
• Perform data backups
• Protect your privacy
• Use strong authentication
• Use of encryption
 REFERENCES
Accounting Information Systems by James Hall

Shelly Cashman Series Microsoft Office 365 &

Office 2019 by Sandra Cable