WHAT IS NURSING INFORMATICS?

It is also the development and

It is the use of evaluation of applications, tools
computer technology and processes and structures
to support nursing which assist nurses with the
including clinical management of data in taking
practice, education, care of patients or supporting
administration and practice of nursing. (American
research( Hebda, 1998) Nurses Association, 1994)
FRAMEWORKS FOR NURSING
INFORMATICS
COMPUTERS AND NURSING
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF
COMPUTERS AND NURSING
• In 1990's, computer technology
became an integral part of the
healthcare setting.
• And in the year 2000, Clinical
Information System became
individualized in the electronic
patient record, mobile computing
device were introduced, new
technologies were utilized, internet
provided new means of development
and Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act of 1996 was
enacted.
 Computers can perform a wide range of activities that save
time and help nurses provide quality nursing care. It involves:

Nursing
practice

Nursing
education
Nursing
management

Nursing
research
 It is an electronic record composed
of health information regarding an
individual patient that exists as part
The Healthcare Information and Management
of a complete system designed to
Systems Society (HIMSS) is the healthcare
provide access to, and management industry's membership organization exclusively
of, such information focused on providing global leadership for the
optimal use of healthcare information
technology (IT) and management systems for the
betterment of healthcare
 storage Central
processing
devices unit

Input and
output
devices

COMPUTER SYSTEM

A system of interconnected computers that share a

central storage system and various peripheral devices such
as a printers, scanners, or routers.
COMPUTER
HARDWARE

Hardware is the
general term for
physical artifacts
of technology.
 First Generation Computers- Used vacuum tubes as a design. Those computer ran hot and
thus required a great cooling. Vacuum tubes got hot easily, and when they get hot, they
failed regularly. First generation computers were physically huge , but their power was
much less than that of the average desktop computer of the 1900’s.

Second Generation Computers - They use transistors instead of vacuum tubes. This meant
less heat, improved reliability, and much greater speeds. Second generation CPU access
speeds were measured in millionths rather than thousandths of a second (microseconds).
They still quite large, but transistors were smaller and more durable than vacuum tubes.
They also allowed for the development of much more powerful computers.

The Third generation computers were introduced- In this generation, they

used microminiature, solid state components. Third generation CPU access
speeds were measured in billionths of a seconds (nanoseconds)
 CLASSESS OF COMPUTER

Hybrid Computers- As its name

Analog computer- operates on Digital computer- operates implies, contains features of
continuous physical or electrical on discrete discontinuous both the analog and the digital
magnitudes, measuring, ongoing
numerical digits using the computer. It is used for specific
continuous analog
binary numbering system. It applications, such as complex
quantities such as voltage ,
represents data using signal processing and other
current, temperature and
discrete values for all data. engineering-oriented
pressure.
applications.
TYPES OF COMPUTER

Supercomputers- This is Mainframes- This is the

a computational- fastest, largest, and
oriented computer most expensive type of
specially designed for computer used for
scientific applications processing, storing and
requiring gigantic retrieving data the
amount of calculations. computing needs.

Handheld Computers- have Microcomputers or

smaller size than standard
desktop microcomputers, Personal Computer
some have claimed to have (PC)- Desktops can
almost the same function serve as stand-alone
and processing capabilities workstation and can be
as the standard desktop linked to a network
microcomputer. system to increase the
capabilities
 Central processing unit- brain of the
computer

Motherboard- main printed circuit board (PCB) found

in computers and other expandable systems. It holds many of
the crucial electronic components of the system, such as
the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides
connectors for other peripherals.
 read only memory- is
permanent; it remains when
power is off. Example: start
up instructions for computer
is an example
Primary Memory
Random access memory-is a
temporary storage area for
program instructions and data
that is being processed. It is
only active when computer is
on
Secondary memory

Floppy disk

Hard disk

CD- Rom

USB flash drives

Memory cards
 NETWORK
This allows the sharing of computer and software resources,
through the use of the network. For example, several
computers may share one computer, or a word
processing program could also be accessed by many different
users.

Types of Networks
• Local Area Networks (LAN) - networks
within a area, location or business. The
University connects all its computers on a
LAN.
• Wide Area Networks (WAN) - several
LAN connected together
SOFTWARE AND SYSTEM

Computer software or
simply software is any set
of machine-readable
instructions that directs
a computer's processor to
perform specific
operations. Software is
stored in computer
memory and is intangible.
 Types of software

System software- Malicious

Application software or malware,
which is designed to
software- which which are computer
directly operate programs developed to
uses the computer
the computer harm and disrupt
system to perform
hardware, to computers. Malware is
special functions or
provide basic closely associated with
provide entertainme computer-related
functionality needed
nt functions beyond crimes, though some
by users and other
the basic operation malicious programs
software.
of the computer may have been
itself. designed as practical
jokes.
OPEN SOURCE AND FREE
SOFTWARE

- Is a matter of the users’ freedom to run

copy, distribute, study, change, and
improve the software in any way they
FREE SOFTWARE
wish. A program is only free software if
users have all of these freedoms.
Example are Amazon, Yahoo and Google .
 1. Source Code
The program must include source
code, and must allow distribution in source
code as well as compiled form. Where
some form of a product is not distributed
with source code, there must be a well-
publicized means of obtaining the source
code for no more than a reasonable
reproduction cost preferably, downloading
via the Internet without charge.

2. Free Redistribution
The license shall not restrict
any party from selling or giving
away the software as a component
of an aggregate software
distribution containing programs
from several different sources. The
license shall not require a royalty
or other fee for such sale.
3. Derived Works
The license must allow modifications and
derived works, and must allow them to be
distributed under the same terms as the
license of the original software.

4. Integrity of Author’s source code

The license may restrict source-code from
being distributed in modified form only if the
license allows the distribution of "patch files"
with the source code for the purpose of
modifying the program at build time. The
license must explicitly permit distribution of
software built from modified source code.
OpenEHR FreeMED

OpenEMR CARE2xs
DATA PROCESSING

Manipulation of data by
a computer. It includes the conversion of
raw data to machine-readable form, flow of
data through the CPU and memory
to output devices, and formatting or
transformation of output. Any use of
computers to perform defined operations
on data can be included under data
processing. In the commercial world, data
processing refers to the processing of
data required to run organizations and
businesses.
 Data

The
The raw, quantities,
uninterrupted characters, or
symbols on
fact that are
which
without operations are
meaning. performed by
a computer.

When data are interpreted,

information is produced. While data
are meaningless, information by
definition is meaningful. For data to be
interpreted and information produced,
the data must be processed.
Some common
approaches in
organizing data:
 DATABASE

Example
Example It is an organized
collection of
related data.
 -it is often used to refer to
computer systems, but
this is only one type of
-are used to process data information system.
and produce information. There are manual
information systems as
well as human
information system.
 Example: Human Brain

It is the most effective and complex

information system.
Computer-based data types

.
 Conceptual data types

- reflect how users view the

data. These can be based on
the source of the data.
Example: the lab produces
lab data, and the x-ray
department produces image
data.

- It can also be based on the event

that the data are attempting to
capture. Examples of data that reflect
event capturing:
Assessment data
 Intervention and outcomes data
A functioning DBMS consists of three (3)
interacting parts:

1. The data
2. The DBMS configured
software program
3. The query language used to
access the data.

SOME EXAMPLES OF DBMS:

•Computerized library systems

•Automated teller machines
•Flight reservation systems
Types of Files
3 BASIC TYPES OF DATA PROCESSING
OPERATIONS:

3. Data
Output
Operations

2. Data
Processing
Processes

1. Data Input
Operations
 DATA MINING

-Process of
extracting -uses powerful
information and automated
knowledge from a approaches for the
large scale extraction of hidden
databases. predictive
information from
large databases
3 types of data mining processes:

1. PREDICTING

2. DISCOVERY

3. DEVIATIONS
 CRISP-DM MODEL

-is an international cross industry model it is

now being applied to data mining within
healthcare.
1.Underst
anding the
6 PHASES OF DATA business
MINING PROCESSES
DESCRIBED BY CRISP- 2.Understa
6.deploy
nding the
DM MODEL: ment
data

3.Data
5.Evaluati
preparatio
on
n

4.Modelin
g
THE INTERNET: A NURSING RESOURCE

INTERNET

- describes as a network of
computer network

- provides the ability for computes

attached in some way to one of wires
or cables on the system to send and
information from computer networks
regardless of the location.
 TYPES OF PROTOCOLS

Internet Protocol (IP)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Hypertext transmission protocol

(HTTP)

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

THE WORLD WIDE WEB

An information system on the

Internet that allows documents
to be connected to other
documents by hypertext links,
enabling the user to search for
information by moving from one
document to another. Invented
by Tim Berners lee
 FUNCTIONS OF WWW

- Has special
- Web’s use of
software that
HTTP enables
allows - hypertext is a
the
receiving, system which
transmitting
interpreting, permits objects
and
and sending to to be linked to
interpretation
the client another.
of all types of
computer the
files.
request file.
CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF
HEALTH INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET
PDA and WIRELESS DEVICES
 Windows
Palm OS Mobile

The operating system

controls how the
hardware and the
software work together.
A wireless device can refer to any
kind of communications
equipment that does not require
a physical wire for relaying
information to another device.

Example: wireless fidelity

(Wi-Fi )governs how local
area networks (LANs)
connect wirelessly
4.) Memo pad
5.) Notepad
6.) to do list
Some of PDA applications

Infectious Disease Notes

Epocrateas Rx
MobileMicromedex
Lexi-Complete

Medical calculator
The JohnsHopkins
Antibiotic Guide
INCORPORATING EVIDENCE: USE of COMPUTER-BASED
CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR HEALTH
PROFESSIONALS

Decision support systems

(DSS) are automated tools
designed to support healthcare
providers in making decisions
about the delivery of patients
care.
The primary goal of CDSS is the
optimization of both the
efficiency and effectiveness
with which clinical decisions
are made and care is delivered.
 Nursing decision support
systems(NDSS) are tools that help
nurses improve their
effectiveness, determine areas in
need of policy or
protocol development.
THREE MAIN PURPOSES OF A DSS ARE
TO:

Assist in Support, not

problemsolving Improve the
replace,
with semistructured effectiveness of
the judgement of a
the decision-making
problems manager or
process
clinician
 TYPES OF CDSS
ADMINISTRATI
VE AND
Functional ORGANIZATIO
NAL SYSTEMS

INTEGRATE
Logical D SYSTEMS

Structural CHARACTER
ISTICS