Caucaso-Caspica IV 63

ෂ
ෂ඾඿ෙ෋෋෈ශ඾ය෇ෂෙයය්ෆෙ෇෋හ෈ල෈ෂ
ෂයයළරය෇෋හ෈ල෈ලල෈෋෍඾ය්෋෌඼
඼෈඼඼෌෈්෈ස෉
෉෈ළ෈඼ෂ෇඿ၹၹႀ඼඼඿හය
ලฃ෮ฆෆ
ෆฎ෸ฉ෮ฆฟก
၃ၼႀႁၷႁႂႁွၽႀႁၽၹၽၱၴၳၴၼၷႎ၈ျ၈။ျᄕ၀ၿၴၱၯၼ

Abstract
The analysis of the Transcaucasian policy of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 18th
century states that, taking into account the Turkish-Iranian geopolitical factor in Transcaucasia,
the Russian diplomacy temporarily refrains from the military intervention in the region by
replacing it with the endorsement of the military-political influence.
In the second half of the 18th century, the ruling circles of the Russian state considered
the creation of a buffer zone on the western shore of the Caspian Sea represented by the Christian
(Armenian, Georgian) and Muslim (so-called Albanian) states as a danger averting factor on the
southern borders of Russia.
Thus, the idea of the creation of the Armenian states and the land of Aluank was aimed
at the formation of the political system of checks and balances that would control the situation in
the region (to maintain the balance among the Transcaucasian khans) and outside the region (to
neutralize the possible expansion of political influence of the Ottoman Empire and Iran).

Keywords: Eastern Transcaucasia, Russian Empire, Iran, Ottoman Empire, Karabakh Khanate,
Ibrahim-Khan, Kerim-Khan Zend, Armenian State, Aluank (Albania), Catherine II

Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɡɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ 18-ɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɹ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨ-ɢɪɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ, ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɬ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ, ɡɚɦɟɧɢɜ
ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɭ ɚɪɦɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ.
ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ 18-ɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɹɳɢɟ ɤɪɭɝɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ, ɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɸɠɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɜ ɥɢɰɟ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɢɯ
(ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɢɯ, ɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɢɯ) ɢ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɞɟɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɥɛɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɟɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɤɚɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ (ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɫɢɥ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɡɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ), ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɜɧɟ ɟɝɨ (ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɢ
ɢɪɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ).

Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɟ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɹ, ɂɪɚɧ, Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɹ,

Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɟ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧ, Ʉɟɪɢɦ-ɯɚɧ Ɂɟɧɞ, ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ, Ⱥɥɭɚɧɤ
(Ⱥɥɛɚɧɢɹ), ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɚ II

ȼɚɠɧɨɟ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɝɟɨɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɹ – ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ

ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɢɪɚ – ɞɟɥɚɥɨ ɟɝɨ ɹɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɨɪɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɂɪɚ-
ɧɨɦ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɂɦɩɟɪɢɟɣ ɢ Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɢɦ ɯɚɥɢɮɚɬɨɦ. ɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɢɡɢɫ ɜ ɢɪɚɧ-
ɫɤɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟ ɨɯɜɚɬɢɥ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɂɪɚɧ ɢ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɪɟ-
64 Caucaso-Caspica IV

ɝɢɨɧɵ. Ƚɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɫɢɥ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ 18-ɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ

ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɇɚɞɢɪ-ɲɚɯɚ (1747 ɝ.) ɂɪɚɧ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɪɹɞ
ɩɨɥɭɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ – ɯɚɧɫɬɜ (Ɇɯɢɬɚɪɹɧ 2013: 119-127).
Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ȿɪɟɜɚɧɫɤɨɟ, ɇɚɯɢɱɟɜɚɧɫɤɨɟ, Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɟ,
Ⱦɟɪɛɟɧɬɫɤɨɟ, ɒɚɤɢɧɫɤɨɟ, ɒɟɦɚɯɢɧɫɤɨɟ, Ʉɭɛɢɧɫɤɨɟ, Ȼɚɤɢɧɫɤɨɟ, Ƚɹɧɞɠɢɧɫɤɨɟ (Ƚɚɧɞ-
ɡɚɤɫɤɨɟ), Ɍɚɥɵɲɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɭɥɬɚɧɚɬɨɜ (Ʉɭɬɤɚɲɟɧɫɤɢɣ,
Ⱥɪɟɲɫɤɢɣ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɬ. Ⱦ.).
ȼɧɟɲɧɹɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ – ɂɪɚɧɚ, Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɣ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɚ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɨɟɧɧɨ-
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɟɥɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ.
Ɍɚɤ, ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ 18-ɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɢɪɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɟ ɯɨɬɟɥɢ ɨɬɤɚɡɵ-
ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɢɯ “ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜ” ɧɚ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ. Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɪɵɱɚɝɨɜ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɜɨɟɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ) ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ ɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɦɢɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɜɵɠɢɞɚɬɶ ɜ
ɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ ɭɞɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ.
ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɹ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɨɫɬɨ-
ɪɨɠɧɨ, ɩɵɬɚɹɫɶ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ ɡɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɢɯ (ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɚɝɟɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɯ) ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢ-
ɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ, ɜɡɵɜɚɹ ɤ ɢɯ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɣ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢ ɜɫɹɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɹ
ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ (Ⱥɪɦɹɧɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ 1990: 83).
ɉɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɤɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɩɪɨɱɢɥɢ ɛɵ ɟɟ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɢ ɫɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɛɵ ɪɭɫɫɤɨ-
ɢɪɚɧɫɤɭɸ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɸ ɜ ɪɭɤɚɯ ɬɭɪɨɤ, ɩɪɢɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɹ ɞɨɪɨɝɭ “ɤ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦ” (Ⱥɪɯɢɜ ɤɧɹɡɹ ȼɨɪɨɧɰɨɜɚ 1882: 309).
ɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɨɫ ɜ ɂɪɚɧɟ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥ ɞɥɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ɗɩɨɯɚ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɵ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ (1762-1796 ɝɝ.) ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ (ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ) ɜɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ – ɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱ-
ɧɵɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɭɹɡɜɢɦɵɦɢ. ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ,
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ, ɩɪɨɪɵɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɛɥɨɤɚɞɵ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚ-
ɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɑɟɪɧɨɟ ɢ Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɪɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɜɨɟɧɧɨ-
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ 18-ɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ.
ɉɪɚɜɹɳɢɟ ɤɪɭɝɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜɫɹɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɥɢɫɶ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ
Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɚɤɭɭɦ ɝɪɨɡɢɥ ɭɫɢɥɟ-
ɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɋɟɮɟɜɢɞɨɜ ɜ 20-ɵɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ 18-ɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ 18-ɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɜ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɪɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɹ ɜɟɪɧɭɥɚɫɶ
ɤ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɟɬɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɫɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɜ
Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ. Ⱦɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜ
ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɉɪɢɱɟɪɧɨɦɨɪɶɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɫɬɟɪɟɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɨɪɭ-
ɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɫ Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɟɣ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɨɦ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɟ
“ɂɪɚɧ-Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɹ-Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɥɢɮɚɬ” ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɢɝɪɚɥɚ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ. Ⱦɟɥɨ
ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ “ɉɪɢɱɟɪɧɨɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ (ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, Ʉɪɵɦɫɤɨɝɨ)
ɜɨɩɪɨɫa” ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɫɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɭɪɨɤ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ, ɥɢɲɚɹ ɢɯ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ Ʉɚɫɩɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨ-ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ 1768-1774 ɝɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɱɟɪɧɨ-
ɦɨɪɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ (ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, Ⱥɡɨɜ), ɜ Ʉɚɛɚɪɞɟ ɢ ɜ Ƚɪɭɡɢɢ. Ⱥɪɟɚɥ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬ-
 Caucaso-Caspica IV 65

ɜɢɣ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ,

ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɫɶ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.
Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɞɧɟɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɨ-ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ 1768-1774 ɝɨɞɨɜ
ɫɬɚɪɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɯɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɹ.
Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɚ ɞɨɧɨɫɢɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɉɨɪɬɚ ɫɬɚɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɥɨɧɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɸ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɟɞɢɧɨɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɹ, ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɹɹ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɫɜɨɢɯ
ɩɨɫɥɚɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɪɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɨɣɧɵ (Ⱥɪ-
ɦɹɧɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ 1990: 82-83).
ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɡɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɢɟ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ, ɫɬɚɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɥɚɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ɋɨɫɫɢɟɣ, Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɢɦ ɯɚɥɢɮɚɬɨɦ ɢ
ɂɪɚɧɨɦ, ɜɫɹɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɹɫɶ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɶ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɵɝɨɞɭ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
(Ȼɭɪɧɚɲɟɜ 1793: 5). ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɯɚɧɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵ, ɟɫɥɢ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɇɚɞɢɪ-ɲɚɯɚ ɨɧɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɭ. ȼɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɠɟ ɩɨɞ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɧɭɸ ɜɥɚɫɬɶ ɢɪɚɧɫɤɢɯ
ɲɚɯɨɜ ɲɥɨ ɜɪɚɡɪɟɡ ɫ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɂɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɛɵ ɤ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ
ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɯɚɧɫɬɜ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɉɨɪɬɵ ɜɫɟɰɟɥɨ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɥɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ ɡɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɧɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢ
ɛɵ ɫɜɨɸ ɜɥɚɫɬɶ.
ȼ 1770-ɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɬɨɹɥɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ -
ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɹ ɚɧɬɢɬɭɪɟɰɤɭɸ ɤɨɚɥɢɰɢɸ, ɞɚɛɵ
ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɭɸ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ, ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɹ ɯɚɧɨɜ ɜ ɮɚɪɜɚɬɟɪɟ
ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ (ɊȽȺȾȺ1, ɪɚɡɪɹɞ XXIII, ɞ. 13, ɞ. 13, ɱ. V, ɥɥ. 62-62
ɨɛ, 72-72 ɨɛ.).
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ Ʉɸɱɭɤ-Ʉɚɣɧɚɪɞɠɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɡɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ,
ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜ ɟɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɥɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ. ȼ
ɩɥɚɧɵ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɫɤɨɪɟɣɲɟɟ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɟɧɧɨ-
ɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ ɢ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɧɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɝɥɨ ɛɵ
ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɂɪɚɧɚ ɢ Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ. ȼɨɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɬɨɪɠɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚ ɛɵɜɲɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɢɪɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ
ɦɨɝɥɨ ɛɵ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɶ ɯɪɭɩɤɢɣ ɦɢɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ɋɨɫɫɢɟɣ ɢ Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɢɫɤɚɥɚ ɩɨɜɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɜɚɧɲɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɨ-ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɟ.
Ɉɱɟɪɟɞɧɚɹ ɜɨɥɧɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɦ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ ɩɨɞɧɹɥɚɫɶ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ 1779
ɝɨɞɭ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɒɢɪɚɡɟ ɧɚ 80-ɨɦ ɝɨɞɭ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɫɤɨɧɱɚɥɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɂɪɚɧɚ
Ʉɟɪɢɦ–ɯɚɧ Ɂɟɧɞ. ɂɪɚɧ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɭɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɦɭɬɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɚɫɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɪɨɜɨɩɪɨɥɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɨɭɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɜɨɣɧ,
ɪɚɡɨɪɢɜɲɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɭ ɢ ɞɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ ɢ ɧɚ Ȼɥɢɠɧɟɦ
ȼɨɫɬɨɤɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.
ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɢɪɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɞɥɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɨ-ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɚɧɫɢɢ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ. ȼ 80-ɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ XVII ɜɟɤɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟ
ɩɪɚɜɹɳɢɟ ɤɪɭɝɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɫɬɚɥɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬ.ɧ.
“ɩɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ”. ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ


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Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɪɯɢɜ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ, http://rgada.info/.

66 Caucaso-Caspica IV

ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɚɬɚ ɧɚɞ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ Ƚɪɭɡɢɟɣ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɚɫɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ

ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ 50-80-ɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ 18-ɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɚ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɡɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡ-
ɦɵ, ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɛɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɫ
ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ, ɂɪɚɧɚ ɢ ɡɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɢɯ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɧɫɬɜ.
ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɟɫɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ
ɨɬɜɨɞɢɥɚ Ʉɚɪɬɥɢ-Ʉɚɯɟɬɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɭ. ɋ ɟɟ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɰɚɪɸ
ɂɪɚɤɥɢɸ II ɜ 80-ɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ 18-ɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɦ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ
ɩɚɪɢɬɟɬ ɜɨɟɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɥ. Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ Ƚɟɨɪɝɢɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚɬɚ (24 ɢɸɥɹ 1783
ɝ.) (ɉɨɥɧɨɟ ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɂɦɩɟɪɢɢ, ɬ. XXI 1830: 1013-1017) ɫɬɚɥɨ
ɤɪɚɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɚɦɧɟɦ ɜ ɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ, ɬ.ɤ. ɭɤɪɟɩɢɥɨ ɟɟ
ɜɨɟɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɭɫɫɤɨ-ɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ Ʉɚɪɬɥɢ-Ʉɚɯɟɬɢɧɫɤɨɟ
ɰɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɲɥɨ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɥ ɤ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɫɢɥ ɜ
Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ. ȼ 80-ɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ 18-ɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɂɪɚɧ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɨɫ, ɚ
ɛɨɪɶɛɚ ɡɚ ɲɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɟɫɬɨɥ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ. Ɍɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ
ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧ, ɞɨ 1760 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɥɨɠɧɢɤɚɯ ɭ Ɏɚɬɚɥɢ-ɯɚɧɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɣ Ʉɟɪɢɦ-ɯɚɧɨɦ Ɂɟɧɞɨɦ ɜɥɚɞɟɬɟɥɟɦ Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɯɚ
(Ɇɚɬɟɧɚɞɚɪɚɧ, ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɶ N 4331, ɥ. 45 ɨɛ.; The Life and Addventures of Joseph Emin, an
Armenian 1792: 315), ɢ Ɏɚɬɚɥɢ-ɯɚɧ “ɫɬɚɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɥɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɵɛɭ ɜ ɦɭɬɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ” (Ȼɭɬɤɨɜ
1869: 140). Ʉ ɬɨɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɜɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɛɨɪɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɢ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɚɪɹ ɂɪɚɤɥɢɹ II ɢ
ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧɚ, ɞɪɭɝɚɹ – ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ Ɏɚɬɚɥɢ-ɯɚɧɚ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɪɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɂɪɚɤɥɢɣ II ɢ Ɏɚɬɚɥɢ-ɯɚɧ ɨɱɟɪɧɹɥɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ, ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɹ ɫɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɟɞɢɧɨɜɥɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɦ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ Ɏɚɬɚɥɢ-ɯɚɧɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɛɵɥɨ
ɡɚɯɜɚɬɢɬɶ Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɯ, ɢ ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ 80-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɨɧ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɥ ɪɹɞ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɧɵɯ
ɩɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧɚ. ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɂɪɚɤɥɢɣ II ɧɟ ɦɨɝ ɫɢɞɟɬɶ ɫɥɨɠɚ ɪɭɤɢ,
ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɫɹɝɚ “ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɭɠɞɵ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝ
ɞɪɭɝɭ” (ɊȽȺȾȺ, ɪɚɡɪɹɞ XXIII, ɞ. 13, ɱ. 3/1, ɥ. 84 ɨɛ.). ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɪɚɜɹɳɢɟ ɤɪɭɝɢ
ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɜ ɥɢɰɟ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɪɢɰɵ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɵ II ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɥɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ
ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧɚ ɩɨɞ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ “ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɫ ɰɚɪɟɦ ɂɪɚɤɥɢɟɦ”
(ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, 1880: 256).
ɍɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɪɟɲɢɜ “Ʉɪɵɦɫɤɢɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ” ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ 1780- ɵɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ
ɢɦɩɟɪɢɹ ɭɦɟɥɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ
ɫɢɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɹ, ɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɰɚɪɸ ɂɪɚɤɥɢɹ II (ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɫɨɸɡɟ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɥ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧ Ʉɚɪɚɛɚxɫɤɢɣ) ɢ Ɏɚɬɚɥɢ-ɯɚɧɭ Ʉɭɛɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ,
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɹ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ ɨɞɧɨɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɜ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɦ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ 1780-ɯ ɝɝ. ɜɵɧɭɞɢɥɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɡɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ. Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɛɟɞɵ ɚɧɬɢɤɭɛɢɧɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɚɥɢɰɢɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɯɨɡɹɢɧɨɦ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ Ʉɚɫɩɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɫɹ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧ
Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɛɵ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɜ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɦ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ –
ɡɨɧɟ ɜɨɟɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ.
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ 1780-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɹɳɢɟ ɤɪɭɝɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ Ⱦɚɤɢɢ ɧɚ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɇɨɥɞɚɜɢɢ, ȼɚɥɚɯɢɢ ɢ Ȼɟɫɫɚɪɚɛɢɢ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɬ.ɧ. “ɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ” ɜ
 Caucaso-Caspica IV 67

ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɧɚɯ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɜɨɪɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɢɞɟɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ

ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɨɨɞɭɲɟɜɢɥɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɟɣ ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ -
ɚɪɯɢɟɩɢɫɤɨɩɚ ɂ. Ⱥɪɝɭɬɹɧɚ ɢ ɂ. Ʌɚɡɚɪɹɧɚ (ɂɨɚɧɧɢɫɹɧ 1990).
ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ 18-ɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɧɟ
ɭɞɚɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɚɧɬɢɬɭɪɟɰɤɭɸ ɤɨɚɥɢɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɬɟɥɟɣ Ⱦɚɝɟɫɬɚɧɚ.
ȼ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ 80-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɭɸ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɢɦɟɥ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧ
Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɢɣ. ɉɪɚɜɹɳɢɟ ɤɪɭɝɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫɬɚɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɢ
ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɡɵɝɪɚɥɢ ɢɞɟɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ. ȼɟɞɶ ɞɥɹ
ɤɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɧɚ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɚɯ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ
Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ ɹɞɪɨ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ. ɂɞɟɹ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɞɨɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɤɧɹɡɹ Ƚ. ɉɨɬɟɦɤɢɧɚ ɤ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥ-
ɮɟɥɶɞɦɚɪɲɚɥɭ ɉ. ɉɨɬɟɦɤɢɧɭ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɜɟɪɠɟɧɢɹ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-
ɯɚɧɚ Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɟ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɨɜɨɢɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ (Ⱥɪɦɹɧɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ XVIII ɜɟɤɟ, 1990: 239). Ȼɨɥɟɟ
ɬɨɝɨ, ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ Ʉɚɪɬɥɢ-Ʉɚɯɟɬɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɵ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ Ƚɚɧɞɡɚɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɢɦɟɥ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧ
ɤɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɢɣ (ɊȽȼɂȺ2, ɮ. 52, ɨɩ. 1/194, ɞ. 331, ɱ. III, ɥɥ. 15-16). Ɉɧ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɥ,
ɱɬɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɂɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɯɚɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɚɧɫɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ 1780-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɢ
ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɬɨɪɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ.
ɋɥɭɯɢ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɦ ɜɬɨɪɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɣɫɤ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ
ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ 80-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ 18-ɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɪɨɠɢɥɢ ɯɚɧɨɜ, ɚ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧ Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɢɣ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɥ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɧɟɜɪ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞ ɢɦɩɟɪɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɤɪɨ-
ɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ. ȼɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɹɳɢɯ ɤɪɭɝɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɞɞɚɧɫɬɜɨ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɨɧ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɥɫɹ ɤ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɦɭ ɞɜɨɪɭ ɫ ɩɪɨɫɶɛɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ȿɟ
ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ȼɟɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥ-ɮɟɥɶɞɦɚɪɲɚɥ ɉ. ɉɨɬɟɦɤɢɧ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɥ, ɱɬɨ ɪɨɫ-
ɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɨɞɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ (Ȼɭɬɤɨɜ 1869: 144).
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ 80-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ 18-ɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɡɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɚɹ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɥɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɞɜɭɯ
ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭ-
ɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ – ɢɡ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ Ⱦɟɪɛɟɧɬɚ ɞɨ Ƚɢɥɹɧɚ. ɗɬɨɬ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ 1783-1784 ɝɨɞɨɜ ɧɟ ɛɵɥ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɟɧɧɨ-
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɟ,
ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɲɟɣɯɚ Ɇɚɧɫɭɪɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɧɚɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ Ɉɦɚɪ-ɯɚɧɚ ɧɚ Ƚɪɭɡɢɸ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɬɶ-
ɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɚɜɨɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, “ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ” ɜ 1785-
1786 ɝɨɞɚɯ ɛɵɥ ɫɧɹɬ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɤɢ ɞɧɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɢ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɹɳɢɯ ɤɪɭɝɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ 80-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ
18-ɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɥɚɧ ɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ
ɫɥɭɠɢɥ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɫɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧɚ ɢ ɂɪɚɤɥɢɹ II. Ɉɬɦɟ-
ɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɧɨɜɨɢɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ
Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɯɚ, ɜɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɥɚɫɬɧɨɟ ɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɰɚɪɸ ȿɪɟɜɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɨ. Ȼɵɥɨ
ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɪɢɰɵ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɵ II ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɢɣ


2 Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɟɧɧɨ-ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɪɯɢɜ http://xn--80adcv1b.xn--p1ai/

68 Caucaso-Caspica IV

ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɢɡ ɜɨɟɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ – ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢ-

ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɯ (Ʌɟɨ 1972: 346).
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɢɞɟɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɚɧɤɨɣ,
ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ,
ɢɞɟɹ ɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɪɚɛɚxɫɤɨɝɨ
ɯɚɧɚ ɢ ɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɚɪɹ ɂɪɚɤɥɢɹ II ɜ ɮɚɪɜɚɬɟɪɟ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ Ƚɚɧɞɡɚɤ (1785) Ɏɚɬɚɥɢ-ɯɚɧ Ʉɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɥɚ-
ɝɚɟɬ ɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɰɚɪɸ ɂɪɚɤɥɢɸ II ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɬɶ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɟ
ɯɚɧɫɬɜɨ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɛɟɞɵ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɚɪɰɚɯɫɤɢɟ ɚɪɦɹɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ
ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɩɨɞ ɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɚ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ – ɩɨɞ ɩɨɤ-
ɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ɏɚɬɚɥɢ-ɯɚɧɚ (ɊȽȺȾȺ, ɮ. 15, ɞ. 197, ɥ. 6 ɨɛ.).
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ 1785 ɝɨɞɭ ɜ ɂɪɚɧɟ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ Ⱥɝɚ-Ɇɭ-
ɯɚɦɦɚɞ-ɲɚɯ Ʉɚɞɠɚɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɫɬɪɟɦɢɥ ɫɜɨɣ ɜɡɨɪ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪ, ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ. Ⱥ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚ-
ɱɚɥɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɨ-ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ (1787-1791) ɩɪɚɜɹɳɢɟ ɤɪɭɝɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɭɝɪɨɡɭ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ. Ɍɚɤ, ɢɪɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ
ɦɨɝ ɛɵ ɩɨɫɟɹɬɶ ɜɪɚɠɞɭ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ɏɚɬɚɥɢ-ɯɚɧɨɦ ɢ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧɨɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɞɨɛɢ-
ɥɚɫɶ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɂɪɚɤɥɢɟɦ II ɢ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧɨɦ ɜ 1787 ɝɨɞɭ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ
ɭɞɟɪɠɚɥɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɤɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ
ɫɨɸɡɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɟɣ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɫɨɸɡ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧɨɦ ɢ ɂɪɚɤɥɢɟɦ II ɜɫɹɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ, ɬ.ɤ.
ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɚɪɹ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɲɭɲɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɧɚ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɜ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ ɜ
ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ 80-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ 18-ɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɟɪɧɨ-
ɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ (ɨɬɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɭɪɨɤ ɡɚ Ⱦɧɟɫɬɪ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞ-
ɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ əɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ) ɢɞɟɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɛɵɬɶ
ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɢɞɟɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɥɛɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɟɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɤɚɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ
(ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɫɢɥ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɡɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɧɟ ɟɝɨ (ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɢ ɢɪɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ).
ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɥɛɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɢɤɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɢ
ɢɫɤɨɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɢɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɥ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɥɟɝɢɬɢɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɟɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫ-
ɤɨɝɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ Ʉɭɪɵ. Ʉ ɢɞɟɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɥ-
ɛɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɹɳɢɟ ɤɪɭɝɢ ɜɟɪɧɭɥɢɫɶ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ 90-ɯ
ɝɨɞɨɜ 18-ɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɭɠɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɢɥɚɫɶ ɢɞɟɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɸɠɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ
ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɡɨɧɵ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ, ɚ
ɢɦɟɧɧɨ - ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɤɧɹɠɟɫɬɜ (Mxitҵaryan 2018).
ɂɧɚɱɟ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɚɫɶ ɫɭɞɶɛɚ “ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ”. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɨɤɪɭɲɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɚ Ⱥɝɚ Ɇɭɯɚɦɦɚɞ-ɲɚɯɚ Ʉɚɞɠɚɪɚ ɧɚ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ ɜ 1795 ɝɨɞɭ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶ ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɹ ɢ Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ
ɨɬɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɨɣɫɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɚɮɚ ȼɚɥɟɪɢɚɧɚ Ɂɭɛɨɜɚ ɜ
1796 ɝɨɞɭ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɋɟɜɟɪ (Ɇɯɢɬɚɪɹɧ 2015: 22-23), ɚ ɢɞɟɹ ɨ ɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɨɬɟ-
ɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ “ɥɟɛɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɩɟɫɧɟɣ” ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɟɣ
(ɂ. Ʌɚɡɚɪɹɧɚ, ɂ. Ⱥɪɝɭɬɹɧɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ) ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ XVIII ɜɟɤɚ (Ferrari 2004: 62).
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɡɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɢ ɢɞɟɸ
ɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɥɛɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɨɦɨ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɠɧɵɯ ɪɭɛɟɠɟɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ,
Caucaso-Caspica IV 69

ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜ

Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.

ȻɂȻɅɂɈȽɊȺɎɂə

Ⱥɪɦɹɧɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ XVIII ɜɟɤɟ. 1760-1800 ɝɝ. (1990), ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɞ
ɪɟɞ. Ɇ. ɇɟɪɫɢɫɹɧɚ, ɬ. IV, ȿɪɟɜɚɧ.
Ⱥɪɯɢɜ ɤɧɹɡɹ ȼɨɪɨɧɰɨɜɚ (1882), ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɉ. ɂ. Ȼɚɪɬɟɧɟɜɚ, ɤɧ. XXV, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
Ȼɭɪɧɚɲɟɜ ɋ. (1793), Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ Ⱥɞɪɟɛɢɠɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɜ ɉɟɪɫɢɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, Ʉɭɪɫɤ.
Ȼɭɬɤɨɜ ɉ. (1869), Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɚ ɫ 1722 ɩɨ 1803 ɝ., ɱ. II, ɋɉɛ.
ɂɨɚɧɧɢɫɹɧ Ⱥ. (1990), Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɢ ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ 80-ɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ XVIII
ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ, ȿɪɟɜɚɧ.
Ʌɟɨ (1972), ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ Ⱥɪɦɟɧɢɢ, ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɬ. III, ɤɧ. IV, ȿɪɟɜɚɧ.
Ɇɯɢɬɚɪɹɧ Ƚ. (2013), “ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɟ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ
ɜ 70-ɯ ɝɝ. XVIII ɜ.”, “Caucasica” ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɢɤ, Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɱɟɪɧɨɦɨɪɫɤɨ-ɤɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɬ. II, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ:
119-127.
–––– (2013) (2), “Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɩɨɥɭɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɯɚɧɫɬɜ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ
Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɹ” (1750-1770-ɵɟ ɝɝ.), ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤ No 2, ɇȺɇ ɊȺ,
ȿɪɟɜɚɧ (ɧɚ ɚɪɦ. ɹɡ.).
–––– (2015), “ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɚɪɦɹɧ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɹ ɜɨ
ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ XVIII ɜɟɤɚ”, Ⱥɪɦɹɧɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ), 5/2014, ɋɬɟɩɚɧɚɤɟɪɬ (ɧɚ ɚɪɦ. ɹɡ.).
ɉɨɥɧɨɟ ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɂɦɩɟɪɢɢ, ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ, 1649-1825 ɝɝ. (1830), ɩɨɞ
ɪɟɞ. Ɇ.Ɇ. ɋɩɟɪɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ, ɬ. XXI.
ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ (1880), ɬ. 27, ɋɉɛ.
Ferrari A. (2004), “Nobility and Monarchy in Eighteen Century Armenia; Preliminary Remarks
to a New Study”, Iran & the Caucasus, vol. VIII, ʋ 1.
Mxitҵaryan G. (2018), Arevelyan Andrkovkasi varþҵakҵaáakҵakan kazmavorumnerΩ ŽΩ dari
erkrord kesin, Erevan.
The Life and Addventures of Joseph Emin, an Armenian (1792), vol. II, London.