ˀʨʲʭʨ ʿʰʼˀʰ˃ʬ

ʯʹʻ-ʰʹ ʰʻʸʰʫʰʻʲʰ ʼʨʱʻʲʺʬʺʰʹ ʲʬʽʺʵʸʰ

ʱʨʮʻʹʰ

75 ˄ʲʰʹ ʪʰʵʸʪʰ ʫʨ 70 ˄ʲʰʹ ʨʴʨ ʳʬʻʾʲʬʬʩʰ ʨʸʰʨʴ. ʪʰʵʸʪʰ ʸʬʪʰʹʺʸʰʸʬʩʻʲʰʨ ʽ.

ʯʩʰʲʰʹˀʰ, ʭʨʱʬ-ʹʨʩʻʸʯʨʲʵʹ ʸʨʰʵʴˀʰ ʳʫʬʩʨʸʬ 1000 ʱʭ.ʳ. ʳʰ˄ʰʹ ʴʨʱʭʬʯʰʹʨ ʫʨ ʳʨʹʮʬ
ʪʨʴʯʨʭʹʬʩʻʲʰ ˀʬʴʵʩʨ-ʴʨʪʬʩʵʩʬʩʰʹ ʳʬʹʨʱʻʯʸʬʫ. ʪʰʵʸʪʰ ʫʨ ʨʴʨ ʹʨˆʲˀʰ ʳʨʸʺʵ
˂ˆʵʭʸʵʩʬʴ. ʹʨˆʲʹ ʨʹʬʭʬ ʳʰˀʬʴʬʩʻʲʰ ʨʽʭʹ ʼʨʸʯʻʲʵ, ʸʵʳʬʲʹʨ˂ ʨʸʨʭʰʴ ʰʿʬʴʬʩʹ.
2017 ˄ʲʰʹ ʮʨʼˆʻʲʰʹ ˃ʲʰʬʸʰ ˄ʭʰʳʬʩʰʹ ˀʬʫʬʪʨʫ ʼʨʸʫʻʲʰʹ ʹʨ˃ʰʸʱʭʬʲʰ
ˁʨʳʵʰʸʬ˂ˆʨ, ʸʵʳʬʲʳʨ˂ ʳʰʹʰ ʻʱʨʴʨ ʱʬʫʬʲʰ˂ ʳʯʲʰʨʴʨʫ ˁʨʳʵˀʲʨ, ʰʹʬ ʸʵʳ ʪʨˁʴʫʨ
ʼʨʸʫʻʲʰʹ ˁʨʳʵˀʲʰʹ ʹʨʼʸʯˆʬ˂. 2017 ˄ʲʰʹ 2 ʨʪʭʰʹʺʵʹ ʪʰʵʸʪʰʹ ʫʨ ʨʴʨʹ ʳʬʮʵʩʲʬʩʳʨ
ʨʾʴʰˀʴʻʲʰʹ ʯʨʵʩʨʮʬ ʳʰʳʨʸʯʬʹ ʽʨʲʨʽ ʯʩʰʲʰʹʰʹ ʳʻʴʰ˂ʰʶʨʲʰʺʬʺʰʹ ʳʬʸʰʰʹ
ʳʻʴʰ˂ʰʶʨʲʻʸ ʰʴʹʶʬʽ˂ʰʨʹ (ˀʬʳʫʪʵʳˀʰ - ʳʻʴʰ˂ʰʶʨʲʻʸʰ ʰʴʹʶʬʽ˂ʰʨ). ʨʳ
ʳʵʭʲʬʴʬʩʨʳʫʬ ʸʨʳʫʬʴʰʳʬ ʫʾʰʯ ʨʫʸʬ ʪʰʵʸʪʰ ˆʨʴʪʸ˃ʲʰʭ ʻʪʵʴʵ ʳʫʪʵʳʨʸʬʵʩʨˀʰ
ˁʨʭʨʸʫʨ, ʸʵʳʲʰʹ ʫʨʫʨʹʸʻʲʰ˂ ʨʸʨʶʸʵʪʴʵʮʰʸʬʩʨʫʰ ʰʿʵ. ʳʻʴʰ˂ʰʶʨʲʻʸʰ
ʰʴʹʶʬʽ˂ʰʰʹ ˄ʨʸʳʵʳʨʫʪʬʴʬʲʰ ʸʬʮʵ 3 ʨʪʭʹʺʵʹ ʪʨʬʳʨʸʯʨ ʳʰ˄ʰʹ ʴʨʱʭʬʯʰʹʱʬʴ ʫʨ
ʨʫʪʰʲʮʬ ʪʨʬ˂ʴʵ ʳʪʫʵʳʨʸʬʵʩʨʹ, ʸʵʳʬʲʰ˂ ʳʨʴ ʹʨˆʰʼʨʯʵʫ ʳʰʰˁʴʰʨ. ʳʨʹ ˀʬʳʫʬʪ, ʸʨ˂
ʳʨʹ ʨ˂ʴʵʩʬʹ, ʸʵʳ ʪʰʵʸʪʰ ʻʪʵʴʵ ʳʫʪʵʳʨʸʬʵʩʨˀ ʰʳʿʵʼʬʩʵʫʨ, ʸʬʮʵʳ ʳʵʳʫʬʭʴʵ ʫʾʬʹʭʬ
ʪʨʫʨʹ˂ʨ ʨʴʨʹ ʳʻʴʰ˂ʰʶʨʲʻʸʰ ʰʴʹʶʬ˂ʰʰʹ ʳʰʬʸ ʳʰʹʰ ʳʬʻʾʲʰʹ ʹʨˆʬʲʮʬ ʳʰʾʬʩʻʲʰ
ʪʨʫʨ˄ʿʭʬʺʰʲʬʩʨ.
ʨʾʴʰˀʴʻʲʰ ʪʨʫʨ˄ʿʭʬʺʰʲʬʩʰʯ ʰʴʹʶʬʽ˂ʰʨ ʪʰʵʸʪʰʹ ʳʵʻ˄ʵʫʬʩʫʨ, ʸʵʳ 30
ʨʪʭʰʹʺʵʳʫʬ ʫʨʬʴʪʸʰʨ ʼʨʸʫʻʲʰ ʹʨʯʨʴʨʫʵ ʱʭʨʲʰʼʰʱʨ˂ʰʰʹ ʳʽʵʴʫʬ ʶʰʸʯʨ
ʫʨˆʳʨʸʬʩʰʯ. ʸʨʯʨ ʨʾʳʵʼˆʭʸʰʲʰʿʵ ʳʰʹʰ ˁʨʳʵˀʲʰʹ ʹʨʼʸʯˆʬ. ʰʳʨʭʫʸʵʻʲʨʫ, ʰʳ
ˀʬʳʯˆʭʬʭʰʹʯʭʰʹ, ʯʻ ʰʪʰ ʨʸ ʪʨʰʯʭʨʲʰʹ˄ʰʴʬʩʫʨ ʫʨʫʪʬʴʰʲʬʩʨʹ, ʪʨʫʨ˄ʿʭʬʺʰʲʬʩʨˀʰ
ʳʰʯʰʯʬʩʻʲʰ ʰʿʵ, ʸʵʳ ʳʨʹ ʫʨʬʱʰʹʸʬʩʵʫʨ ʨʫʳʰʴʰʹʺʸʨ˂ʰʻʲʰ ˇʨʸʰʳʨ 5000 ʲʨʸʰʹ
ʵʫʬʴʵʩʰʯ. ʪʨʫʨ˄ʿʭʬʺʰʲʬʩʰʹ ʯʨʴʨˆʳʨʫ, ʰʪʰ ʫʨʻʿʵʭʴʬʩʲʰʭ ʻʴʫʨ ʨʾʹʸʻʲʬʩʻʲʰʿʵ,
ʪʨʫʨ˄ʿʭʬʺʰʲʬʩʨ ʨʹʬʭʬ ˀʬʰ˂ʨʭʫʨ ʪʨʴʳʨʸʺʬʩʨʹ ʪʨʹʨˁʰʭʸʬʩʰʹ ˄ʬʹʮʬ, ʸʨ˂ ʫʬʺʨʲʻʸʨʫ
ʰʿʵ ʫʨʹʨʩʻʯʬʩʻʲʰ; ʼʵʸʳʨʲʵʩʬʩʰʹ ʫʨ˂ʭʰʯ ʫʨʫʪʬʴʰʲ ʰʽʴʨ ʨʹʬʭʬ ʨʫʸʬʹʨʺʰʹʯʭʰʹ
ʳʰʹʰ ˁʨʩʨʸʬʩʨ. ˀʬʹʨʩʨʳʰʹʨʫ, 3 ʨʪʭʰʹʺʵʹ ʨʴʨʳ ˆʬʲʰ ʳʵʨ˄ʬʸʨ ʳʰʾʬʩʰʹ ʫʨʳʨʫʨʹʺʻʸʬʩʬʲ
ʹʨʩʻʯʹ. ʸʬʮʵʳ ʪʨʫʨ˄ʿʭʬʺʰʲʬʩʨʮʬ ʫʨʹʭʨ ˁʨʩʨʸʬʩʰʹ ʯʨʸʰʾʰ ʫʨ ʪʨʴʻʳʨʸʺʨ ʨʴʨʹ, ʸʵʳ
ʰʪʰ ʨʳʰʯ ˄ʬʸʰʲʹ ʳʰʹʰ ʳʬʻʾʲʰʹʯʭʰʹ ˁʨʩʨʸʬʩʻʲʨʫ ʳʰʰˁʴʬʭʫʨ.
ʽʨʲʩʨʺʵʴʰ ʨʴʨ ˃ʨʲʰʨʴ ʫʨʱʨʭʬʩʻʲʰ ʰʿʵ ʳʬʻʾʲʰʹ ʳʵʭʲʰʯ ʫʨ ʨʳʰʺʵʳ ʳʨʴ ʨʸʨʼʬʸʰ
ʳʵʰʳʵʽʳʬʫʨ. 5 ʹʬʽʺʬʳʩʬʸʹ ʪʰʵʸʪʰ ʰʹʬ ʪʨʸʫʨʰ˂ʭʨʲʨ, ʸʵʳ ʪʸ˃ʴʵʩʨʮʬ ʨʾʨʸ ʳʵʹʻʲʨ.
ʨʴʫʬʸ˃ʰʹ ʯʨʴʨˆʳʨʫ, ʳʰʹʰ ʬʸʯʨʫʬʸʯʰ ʳʬʳʱʭʰʫʸʬ ʪʨˆʫʨ ʳʰʹʰ ʳʬʻʾʲʬ, ʸʵʳʬʲʳʨ˂
ʹʨʳʱʭʰʫʸʵ ʳʰʰʾʵ, ˀʬʳʫʬʪ ʱʰ ʰʪʰ ʯʨʭʰʹ ʫʨʹʯʨʴ, ʽʻʯʨʰʹˀʰ, ʪʨʬʳʪʮʨʭʸʨ. 19 ʹʬʽʺʬʳʩʬʸʹ
ʸʬʮʵʳ, ʨʸʽʰʺʬʽʺʵʸʯʨʴ ʬʸʯʨʫ, ʱʰʫʬʭ ʬʸʯˆʬʲ ʫʨʨʯʭʨʲʰʬʸʨ ʨʫʪʰʲʰ.
ʨʸʽʰʺʬʽʺʵʸʰʹ ʨʮʸʰʯ, ʼʨʸʫʻʲʰ ʴʬʩʰʹʳʰʬʸ ˄ʨʳʹ ˀʬʰ˃ʲʬʩʵʫʨ ˁʨʳʵˀʲʰʲʰʿʵ ʫʨ
ʨʳʰʯ ʹʨʼʸʯˆʬʹ ʻʽʳʴʰʫʨ ʳʬʹʨʳʬ ʶʰʸʯʨ ˇʨʴʳʸʯʬʲʵʩʨʹʨ ʫʨ ʹʰ˂ʵ˂ˆʲʬʹ, ʭʰʴʨʰʫʨʴ ʨʸ
ʰʿʵ ʪʨʳʵʸʰ˂ˆʻʲʰ, ʸʵʳ ʳʰʹʰ ʴʨ˄ʰʲʬʩʰ ʪʮʨʮʬ ʨʴ ʳʬʮʵʩʲʨʫ ʨʸʹʬʩʻʲ ʹʨʯʨʳʨˀʵ
ʳʵʬʫʨʴʮʬ ʪʨʫʨʭʨʸʫʴʰʲʰʿʵ. ʸʬʮʵʳ ʨʾʴʰˀʴʨ, ʸʵʳ ʼʨʸʫʻʲʰʹ ʹʨˆʻʸʨʭʮʬ ʨʸʹʬʩʻʲʰ
ʩʮʨʸʰ ʳʴʰˀʭʴʬʲʵʭʴʨʫ ʰʿʵ ʪʨʼʨʸʯʵʬʩʻʲʰ.
 ʨʾʴʰˀʴʻʲʰʹ ʶʨʹʻˆʨʫ ʳʻʴʰ˂ʰʶʲʻʸʳʨ ʰʴʹʶʬʽ˂ʰʨʳ ʫʨʻʿʵʭʴʬʩʲʰʭ ʫʨʨʭʨʲʨ ʨʹʬʯʰ
ˀʬʴʵʩʬʩʰʹ ʫʬʳʵʴʺʨʷʰʹ ʪʨʴʳˆʵʸ˂ʰʬʲʬʩʬʲ ʬʸʯ-ʬʸʯ ʹʨ˄ʨʸʳʵʹ, ʸʵʳ ʫʨʬʴʪʸʰʨ
ʼʨʸʫʻʲʰ, ʸʨ˂ 23 ʹʬʽʺʬʳʩʬʸʹ ʪʨʴˆʵʸ˂ʰʬʲʫʨ ʱʰʫʬ˂.
16 ʵʽʺʵʳʩʬʸʹ, ˄ʬʹʰʹ ʫʨ˂ʭʰʯ ʪʨʴˆʵʸ˂ʰʬʲʬʩʻʲʰ ʳʵʹʳʬʴʰʹ ˀʬʳʫʬʪ, ʨʴʨʳ ʳʰʰʾʵ
ʳʻʴʰ˂ʰʶʨʲʻʸʰ ʰʴʹʶʬʽ˂ʰʰʹ ʫʬʺʨʲʻʸʨʫ ʫʨʹʨʩʻʯʬʩʻʲʰ ʫʨ ʪʨʹʨˁʰʭʸʬʩʰʹ ˄ʬʹʰʹ
ˀʬʹʨˆʬʩ ʪʨʴʳʨʸʺʬʩʰʹ ˀʬʳ˂ʭʬʲʰ ʪʨʫʨ˄ʿʭʬʺʰʲʬʩʨ, ʸʵʳʲʰʹ ʯʨʴʨˆʳʨʫ, ˇʨʸʰʳʰʹ ʪʨʸʫʨ,
ʳʨʹ ʫʨʬʱʰʹʸʨ 7000 ʲʨʸʰʹ ʪʨʫʨˆʫʨ. ˇʨʸʰʳʰʹ ʪʨʫʨˆʫʰʹ ʭʨʲʫʬʩʻʲʬʩʨ ʫʨʬʱʰʹʸʨ ʨʴʨʹ,
ʸʵʪʵʸ˂ ʻʼʲʬʩʨʳʵʴʨ˂ʭʲʬ ʶʰʸʹ. 7000 ʲʨʸʰ ʱʰ ʳʨʹ ʻʴʫʨ ʪʨʫʨʬˆʨʫʨ ʫʬʳʵʴʺʨʷʰʹ
ʪʨʴʳʨˆʵʸ˂ʰʬʲʬʩʬʲʰ ʱʵʳʶʨʴʰʰʹʯʭʰʹ. ʫʬʳʵʴʺʨʷʰʹ ˆʨʸˇʬʩʰ ʹ˄ʵʸʨʫ ʰʿʵ ʳʰʯʰʯʬʩʻʲʰ
ʫʨ ʹʨʯʰʯʨʵʫ ˁʨˀʲʰʲʰ.
ʨʳ ʪʨʫʨ˄ʿʭʬʺʰʲʬʩʰʹ ʹʨʶʨʹʻˆʵʫ ʨʴʨʳ, ʼʵʸʳʰʹʨ ʫʨ ʭʨʫʰʹ ʫʨ˂ʭʰʯ, ˀʬʰʺʨʴʨ
ʹʨˁʰʭʨʸʰ, ʸʵʳʬʲʰ˂ ʫʨʻʹʨʩʻʯʬʩʲʵʩʰʹ ʪʨʳʵ ʨʸ ʫʨʱʳʨʿʵʼʰʲʫʨ.
ʨʾʴʰˀʴʻʲʰʹ ʶʨʹʻˆʨʫ 13 ʫʬʱʬʳʩʬʸʹ ʨʴʨʳ ʨʾ˃ʸʨ ʹʨʸˁʬʲʰ „16 ʵʽʺʵʳʩʸʰʹ
ʪʨʫʨ˄ʿʭʬʺʰʲʬʩʰʹ ˄ʰʴʨʨʾʳʫʬʪ“. ʳʰʹʰ ʯʽʳʰʯ, ʰʹ, ʸʨ˂ ʳʰʹ ʽʳʨʸʹ ˇʨʸʰʳʰʹ ʹʨˆʰʯ
ʫʨʬʱʰʹʸʨ, ʳʨʹ ʨʸ ʬˆʬʩʵʫʨ. ʨʹʬʭʬ, ʳʨʹ ʫʬʳʵʴʺʨʷʰʹ ʪʨʴʳʨˆʵʸ˂ʰʬʲʬʩʬʲʰ ʹʨ˄ʨʸʳʵ ʨʸ
ʫʨʻʽʰʸʨʭʬʩʰʨ ʫʨ ʨʳʰʺʵʳ ʳʨʯʰ ʨʴʨʮʾʨʻʸʬʩʰʹ ʪʨʫʨˆʫʨ˂ ʨʸ ʬʭʨʲʬʩʵʫʨ.

ʱʨʮʻʹʰ ʨʳʵˆʹʬʴʰʯ ʹʽʬʳʰʹ ʿʭʬʲʨ ʬʲʬʳʬʴʺʰʹ ʳʰˆʬʫʭʰʯ, ʯʰʯʵʬʻʲʰ ʬʲʬʳʬʴʺʰ

ʫʨʨʹʨʩʻʯʬʯ!
ʱʨʮʻʹʰʹ ʨʳʵˆʹʴʰʹʨʯʭʰʹ ʪʨʳʵʰʿʬʴʬʯ ʮʵʪʨʫʰ ʨʫʳʰʴʰʹʺʸʨ˂ʰʻʲʰ ʫʨ
ʨʫʳʰʴʰʹʺʸʨ˂ʰʻʲʰ ʹʨʶʸʵ˂ʬʹʵ ʱʵʫʬʽʹʬʩʰ. ʨʹʬʭʬ, ʯʨʴʫʨʸʯʻʲʰ ʴʵʸʳʨʺʰʻʲʰ ʨʽʺʬʩʰ.

ʴʵʸʳʨʺʰʻʲʰ ʨʽʺʬʩʰ

ʹʨʽʨʸʯʭʬʲʵʹ ʱʵʴʹʺʰʺʻ˂ʰʨ
ʳʻˆʲʰ 19. ʹʨʱʻʯʸʬʩʰʹ ʻʼʲʬʩʨ
1. ʹʨʱʻʯʸʬʩʰʹʨ ʫʨ ʳʬʳʱʭʰʫʸʬʵʩʰʹ ʻʼʲʬʩʨ ʨʾʰʨʸʬʩʻʲʰ ʫʨ ʻʮʸʻʴʭʬʲʿʵʼʰʲʰʨ.
2. ʹʨˇʨʸʵ ʰʴʺʬʸʬʹʬʩʰʹʨʯʭʰʹ ʫʨʹʨˀʭʬʩʰʨ ʨʳ ʻʼʲʬʩʰʹ ˀʬʮʾʻʫʭʨ ʱʨʴʵʴʰʯ
ʪʨʴʹʨʮʾʭʸʻʲ ˀʬʳʯˆʭʬʭʬʩˀʰ ʫʨ ʫʨʫʪʬʴʰʲʰ ˄ʬʹʰʯ.

ʹʨʽʨʸʯʭʬʲʵʹ ʹʨʳʵʽʨʲʨʽʵ ʱʵʫʬʽʹʰ

ʳʻˆʲʰ 12. ʽʳʬʫʻʴʨʸʰʨʴʵʩʨ
1. ʽʳʬʫʻʴʨʸʰʨʴʵʩʨ, ʨʴʻ ʼʰʮʰʱʻʸʰ ʶʰʸʰʹ ʻʴʨʸʰ, ʯʨʭʰʹʰ ʴʬʩʰʯʨ ʫʨ ʳʵʽʳʬʫʬʩʰʯ
ʹʸʻʲʰ ʳʵ˂ʻʲʵʩʰʯ ˀʬʰ˃ʰʴʵʹ ʫʨ ʪʨʴʨˆʵʸ˂ʰʬʲʵʹ ʹʨʳʵʽʨʲʨʽʵ ʻʼʲʬʩʬʩʰ ʫʨ
ʳʵʭʨʲʬʵʩʬʩʰ, ˄ʨʸʳʵʰˀʵʩʨ ʹʸʻʲ˄ʲʵʭʨʴʬʩʰʹ ʳʰʾ˄ʬʭʰʹʯʨʴʨʭʬ.
4. ʽʳʬʫʻʴʨʸʰʨʴʨʫ ʰʯʭʲʬʩʨ ʼʹʰʽʵʹʵ˂ʰʨʲʻʸʰ ʹʨ˅ʰʸʵʬʩʰʹ ʳʽʵʴʬ ʶʰʸʰ (ˀʬʳʫʪʵʳ –
ʳˆʨʸʫʨ˅ʬʸʰʹ ʳʰʳʾʬʩʰ), ʨʴʻ ʶʰʸʰ, ʸʵʳʬʲʹʨ˂ ʨʽʭʹ ʳʿʨʸʰ ʼʹʰʽʰʱʻʸʰ,
ʪʵʴʬʩʸʰʭʰ/ʰʴʺʬʲʬʽʺʻʨʲʻʸʰ ʫʨʸʾʭʬʭʬʩʰ, ʸʵʳʬʲʯʨ ʹˆʭʨʫʨʹˆʭʨ ʫʨʩʸʱʵʲʬʩʨʹʯʨʴ
ʻʸʯʰʬʸʯʽʳʬʫʬʩʨʳ ˀʬʹʨ˃ʲʵʨ ˆʬʲʰ ˀʬʻˀʨʲʵʹ ʹʨʮʵʪʨʫʵʬʩʸʰʭ ˂ˆʵʭʸʬʩʨˀʰ ʳʰʹ ʹʸʻʲ
ʫʨ ʬʼʬʽʺʰʨʴ ʳʵʴʨ˄ʰʲʬʵʩʨʹ ʹˆʭʬʩʯʨʴ ʯʨʴʨʩʨʸ ʶʰʸʵʩʬʩˀʰ.
 ʳʻˆʲʰ 1280. ʳˆʨʸʫʨʳ˅ʬʸʰʹ (ʳˆʨʸʫʨʳ˅ʬʸʬʩʰʹ) ʫʨʴʰˀʭʴʨ

1. ʹʨʹʨʳʨʸʯʲʵ, ʸʵʳʬʲʳʨ˂ ʪʨʳʵʰʺʨʴʨ ʪʨʫʨ˄ʿʭʬʺʰʲʬʩʨ ʶʰʸʰʹ ʳˆʨʸʫʨ˅ʬʸʰʹ

ʳʰʳʾʬʩʨʫ ˂ʴʵʩʰʹ ˀʬʹʨˆʬʩ, ʭʨʲʫʬʩʻʲʰʨ ʰʳʨʭʬ ʪʨʫʨ˄ʿʭʬʺʰʲʬʩʰʯ ʫʨʴʰˀʴʵʹ
ʳˆʨʸʫʨʳ˅ʬʸʰ (ʳˆʨʸʫʨʳ˅ʬʸʬʩʰ), ʪʨʴʹʨʮʾʭʸʵʹ ʳˆʨʸʫʨ˅ʬʸʰʹ ʼʨʸʪʲʬʩʰ ʫʨ
ʳˆʨʸʫʨʳ˅ʬʸʰʹ (ʳˆʨʸʫʨʳ˅ʬʸʬʩʰʹ) ʻʼʲʬʩʨ-ʳʵʭʨʲʬʵʩʬʩʰ. ʬʹ ʪʨʫʨ˄ʿʭʬʺʰʲʬʩʨ ʳʰʹʰ
ʱʨʴʵʴʰʬʸ ˃ʨʲʨˀʰ ˀʬʹʭʲʰʫʨʴ ʨʸʨʻʪʭʰʨʴʬʹ 3 ʫʾʰʹʨ ʬʪʮʨʭʴʬʩʨ ʳʬʻʸʭʬʵʩʰʹʨ ʫʨ
ʳʮʸʻʴʭʬʲʵʩʰʹ ʵʸʪʨʴʵʹ ʳˆʨʸʫʨ˅ʬʸʰʹ ʳʰʳʾʬʩʰʹ ʹʨ˂ˆʵʭʸʬʩʬʲʰ ʨʫʪʰʲʰʹ ʳʰˆʬʫʭʰʯ.
2. ʳˆʨʸʫʨʳ˅ʬʸʨʫ ˀʬʰ˃ʲʬʩʨ ʫʨʰʴʰˀʴʵʹ ʶʰʸʰʹ ʵˇʨˆʰʹ ˄ʬʭʸʰ, ʴʨʯʬʹʨʭʰ, ʨˆʲʵʩʬʲʰ
ʨʴ ʹʶʬ˂ʰʨʲʰʹʺʰ, ʸʵʳʬʲʰ˂ ʨʱʳʨʿʵʼʰʲʬʩʹ ʨʳ ʱʵʫʬʽʹʰʯ ʫʨʫʪʬʴʰʲ ʳʵʯˆʵʭʴʬʩʹ.

ʳʻˆʲʰ 1484. ʳʬʳʱʭʰʫʸʬʯʨ ʶʨʹʻˆʰʹʳʪʬʩʲʵʩʨ ʱʸʬʫʰʺʵʸʬʩʰʹ ˄ʰʴʨˀʬ

1. ʳʬʳʱʭʰʫʸʬʬʩʰ ʭʨʲʫʬʩʻʲʴʰ ʨʸʰʨʴ ʳʯʲʰʨʴʨʫ ʫʨʨʱʳʨʿʵʼʰʲʵʴ ʳʨʳʱʭʰʫʸʬʩʲʰʹ
ʱʸʬʫʰʺʵʸʯʨ ʰʴʺʬʸʬʹʬʩʰ, ʳʨʪʸʨʳ ʳʰʾʬʩʻʲʰ ʨʽʺʰʭʰʹ ʼʨʸʪʲʬʩˀʰ ʯʰʯʵʬʻʲʰʹ ˄ʰʲʰʹ
ʶʸʵʶʵʸ˂ʰʻʲʨʫ.

ʹʨʳʵʽʨʲʨʽʵ ʹʨʶʸʵ˂ʬʹʵ ʱʵʫʬʽʹʰ

ʳʻˆʲʰ 74. ˀʬʺʿʵʩʰʴʬʩʨ ʨʫʸʬʹʨʺʰʹ ʨʸʿʵʼʴʰʹ ˀʬʳʯˆʭʬʭʨˀʰ

1. ʯʻ ʹʨʹʨʳʨʸʯʲʵ ʻ˄ʿʬʩʰʹ ˁʨʳʩʨʸʬʩʬʲʳʨ ʹʨʹʨʳʨʸʯʲʵˀʰ ʪʨʳʵʹʨ˃ʨˆʬʩʬʲʰ ʶʰʸʰ ʭʬʸ
ʴʨˆʨ ʳˆʨʸʰʹ ʳʰʬʸ ʳʰʯʰʯʬʩʻʲ ʳʰʹʨʳʨʸʯʮʬ, ʰʪʰ ʻ˄ʿʬʩʨʹ ʨʩʨʸʬʩʹ ʳʨʹʯʨʴ ʳ˂ˆʵʭʸʬʩ
ʵˇʨˆʰʹ ʸʵʳʬʲʰʳʬ ʽʳʬʫʻʴʨʸʰʨʴ ˄ʬʭʸʹ.

ʳʻˆʲʰ 80. ʹʨʳʵʽʨʲʨʽʵ ʹʨʶʸʵ˂ʬʹʵ ʻʼʲʬʩʨʻʴʨʸʰʨʴʵʩʨ

1. ʹʨʽʨʸʯʭʬʲʵʹ ʿʭʬʲʨ ʼʰʮʰʱʻʸʰ ʫʨ ʰʻʸʰʫʰʻʲʰ ʶʰʸʰ ʨʾ˅ʻʸʭʰʲʰʨ ʻʴʨʸʰʯ,
ˈʽʵʴʫʬʹ ʹʨʳʵʽʨʲʨʽʵ ʹʨʶʸʵ˂ʬʹʵ ʻʼʲʬʩʬʩʰ ʫʨ ʳʵʭʨʲʬʵʩʬʩʰ (ʹʨʶʸʵ˂ʬʹʵ
ʻʼʲʬʩʨʻʴʨʸʰʨʴʵʩʨ).

ʹʨʽʨʸʯʭʬʲʵʹ ʹʰʭʸ˂ʰʹ ʫʨʪʬʪʳʨʸʬʩʰʹ, ʨʸʽʰʺʬʽʺʻʸʻʲʰ ʫʨ ʹʨʳˀʬʴʬʩʲʵ

ʹʨʽʳʰʨʴʵʩʰʹ ʱʵʫʬʽʹʰ

ʳʻˆʲʰ 122. ʹʨʳˀʬʴʬʩʲʵ ʹʨʳʨʸʯʨʲʫʨʸʾʭʬʭʰʹ ˂ʴʬʩʨ ʫʨ ʹʨʳˀʬʴʬʩʲʵ

ʹʨʳʨʸʯʨʲʫʨʳʸʾʭʬʭʰ

1. ʹʨʳˀʬʴʬʩʲʵ ʹʨʳʨʸʯʨʲʫʨʸʾʭʬʭʨ ʨʸʰʹ ʨʳ ʱʵʫʬʽʹʰʹ XV ʯʨʭʰʯ

ʪʨʯʭʨʲʰʹ˄ʰʴʬʩʻʲʰ ʽʳʬʫʬʩʨ, ʸʵʳʲʰʹ ʹʨʽʳʰʹ ʪʨʴˆʰʲʭʨʹʯʨʴ ʫʨʱʨʭˀʰʸʬʩʻʲʰ
ʨʫʳʰʴʰʹʺʸʨ˂ʰʻʲʰ ˄ʨʸʳʵʬʩʨ ˆʵʸ˂ʰʬʲʫʬʩʨ ʨʳ ʯʨʭʰʯ ʫʨʫʪʬʴʰʲʰ ˄ʬʹʰʯ.
2. ʨʳ ʱʵʫʬʽʹʰʹ XIV ʫʨ XV ʯʨʭʬʩʰʹ ʳʰʮʴʬʩʰʹʯʭʰʹ ʹʨʳˀʬʴʬʩʲʵ ʹʨʳʨʸʯʨʲʫʨʳʸʾʭʬʭʰ
ˀʬʰ˃ʲʬʩʨ ʰʿʵʹ:
ʬ) ʳʬʹʨʱʻʯʸʬ, ʸʵʳʲʰʹ ˀʬʴʵʩʨ-ʴʨʪʬʩʵʩʰʹ ʨʭʨʸʰʻʲʵʩʰʹ ˆʨʸʰʹˆʰ ʻˀʻʨʲʵ
ʹʨʼʸʯˆʬʹ ʻʽʳʴʰʹ ʨʫʨʳʰʨʴʰʹ ʹʰ˂ʵ˂ˆʲʬʹ ʨʴ/ʫʨ ˇʨʴʳʸʯʬʲʵʩʨʹ, ʪʨʸʫʨ
ʱʻʲʺʻʸʻʲʰ/ʨʸʽʰʺʬʽʺʻʸʻʲʰ ˃ʬʪʲʰʹ ʹʺʨʺʻʹʰʹ ʳʽʵʴʬ ˀʬʴʵʩʰʹʨ, ʸʵʳʲʰʹ
ʸʬʱʵʴʹʺʸʻʽ˂ʰʰʹ ʨʴ/ʫʨ ʫʬʳʵʴʺʨʷʰʹ ˀʬʹʨˆʬʩ ʳʬʹʨʱʻʯʸʬʳ ʳʰʳʨʸʯʨ ˀʬʹʨʩʨʳʰʹ ʵʸʪʨʴʵʹ
ʫʨ ʭʬʸ ʳʰʰʾʵ ʹʨ˅ʰʸʵ ʴʬʩʨʸʯʭʨ.
 3.ʯʻ ʶʰʸʰ, ʸʵʳʬʲʹʨ˂ ʫʨʫʪʬʴʰʲʬʩʰʹ ʹʨʼʻ˃ʭʬʲʮʬ ʫʨʬʭʨʲʨ/ ʫʨʬʭʨʲʬʩʵʫʨ
ʻʱʨʴʵʴʵʫ ʪʨʴˆʵʸ˂ʰʬʲʬʩʻʲʰ ʳˀʬʴʬʩʲʵʩʰʹ ʹʨʽʨʸʯʭʬʲʵʹ ʱʨʴʵʴʳʫʬʩʲʵʩʨʹʯʨʴ
ˀʬʹʨʩʨʳʰʹʵʩʨˀʰ ʳʵʿʭʨʴʨ, ʪʨʸʫʨʰ˂ʭʨʲʨ, ʨʳ ʫʨʭʨʲʬʩʰʹ ˀʬʹʸʻʲʬʩʰʹ ʭʨʲʫʬʩʻʲʬʩʨ
ʪʨʫʨʫʰʹ ˀʬʹʨʩʨʳʰʹʰ ˀʬʴʵʩʨ-ʴʨʪʬʩʵʩʰʹ ʨʴ/ʫʨ ʹʨʳˀʬʴʬʩʲʵ ʳʰ˄ʰʹ ʴʨʱʭʬʯʰʹ
ʳʬʹʨʱʻʯʸʬʮʬ/ʳʵʹʨʸʪʬʩʲʬʮʬ. ʰʻʸʰʫʰʻʲʰ ʶʰʸʰʹ ʸʬʵʸʪʨʴʰʮʨ˂ʰʰʹ ˀʬʳʯˆʭʬʭʨˀʰ
ʨʾʴʰˀʴʻʲʰ ʫʨʭʨʲʬʩʰʹ ˀʬʹʸʻʲʬʩʰʹ ʭʨʲʫʬʩʻʲʬʩʨ ʪʨʫʨʫʰʹ ʳʰʹ
ʹʨʳʨʸʯʨʲʳʬʳʱʭʰʫʸʬʮʬ (ʨʸʹʬʩʵʩʰʹ ˀʬʳʯˆʬʭʨˀʰ).

ʳʻˆʲʰ 129. ʮʰʨʴʰʹʨ ʫʨ ˆʨʸˇʬʩʰʹ ʨʴʨʮʾʨʻʸʬʩʨ

1. ʫʨˇʨʸʰʳʬʩʨ ʨʴ/ʫʨ ʹʨʳˀʬʴʬʩʲʵ ʹʨʳʨʸʯʨʲʫʨʸʾʭʬʭʰʹ ʪʨʳʵʹ˄ʵʸʬʩʨ ʫʨʳʸʾʭʬʭʹ ʨʸ

ʨʯʨʭʰʹʻʼʲʬʩʹ ʫʨʸʾʭʬʭʰʯ ʳʰʿʬʴʬʩʻʲʰ ʮʰʨʴʰʹ ʨʴʨʮʾʨʻʸʬʩʰʹ ʭʨʲʫʬʩʻʲʬʩʰʹʨʪʨʴ.
2. ʫʨʸʾʭʬʭʰʹ ʫʨʫʪʬʴʰʲ ʭʨʫʨˀʰ ʪʨʳʵʻʹ˄ʵʸʬʩʲʵʩʰʹ ˀʬʳʯˆʭʬʭʨˀʰ, ʯʻ ʫʨʸʾʭʬʭʰʹ
ʫʨʻʿʵʭʴʬʩʲʰʭ ʪʨʳʵʻʹ˄ʵʸʬʩʲʵʩʨʳ ˀʬʰ˃ʲʬʩʨ ʮʰʨʴʰ ʳʰʨʿʬʴʵʹ ʹʨˆʬʲʳ˄ʰʼʵ ʨʴ
ʹʨʮʵʪʨʫʵʬʩʸʰʭ ʰʴʺʬʸʬʹʬʩʹ, ʳˀʬʴʬʩʲʵʩʰʹ ʹʨˇʨʸʵ ʮʬʫʨʳˆʬʫʭʬʲʵʩʰʹ
ʪʨʴʳʨˆʵʸ˂ʰʬʲʬʩʬʲʰ ʨʫʳʰʴʰʹʺʸʨ˂ʰʻʲʰ ʵʸʪʨʴʵ ʻʼʲʬʩʨʳʵʹʰʲʰʨ ʳʰʰʾʵʹ
ʫʨʹʨʩʻʯʬʩʻʲʰ ʪʨʫʨ˄ʿʭʬʺʰʲʬʩʨ ʳʰʯʰʯʬʩʰʹ ʳʰʹ ʳʰʬʸ ʨʴ ʳʬʹʨʳʬ ʶʰʸʰʹ ʳʬˀʭʬʵʩʰʯ ʫʨ
ʹʨʱʻʯʨʸʰ ˆʨʸˇʬʩʰʯ ˀʬʹʸʻʲʬʩʰʹ ˀʬʹʨˆʬʩ. ʬʹ ʪʨʫʨ˄ʿʭʬʺʰʲʬʩʨ ˀʬʰ˃ʲʬʩʨ ʪʨʹʨˁʰʭʸʫʬʹ
ʹʨʽʨʸʯʭʬʲʵʹ ʱʨʴʵʴʳʫʬʩʲʵʩʰʯ ʫʨʫʪʬʴʰʲʰ ˄ʬʹʰʯ. ʨʾʴʰˀʴʻʲʰ ʪʨʫʨ˄ʿʭʬʺʰʲʬʩʰʹ
ʪʨʹʨˁʰʭʸʬʩʨ ʨʸ ʨˁʬʸʬʩʹ ʳʰʹ ʨʾʹʸʻʲʬʩʨʹ.
3. ʨʳ ʳʻˆʲʰʹ ʳʬ-2 ʴʨ˄ʰʲʰʹ ˀʬʹʨʩʨʳʰʹʨʫ ʪʨ˄ʬʻʲʰ ˆʨʸˇʬʩʰʹ ʫʨʫʪʬʴʰʹ ˀʬʳʫʬʪ
ʳˀʬʴʬʩʲʵʩʰʹ ʹʨˇʨʸʵ ʮʬʫʨʳˆʬʫʭʬʲʵʩʰʹ ʪʨʴʳʨˆʵʸ˂ʰʬʲʬʩʬʲʰ ʨʫʳʰʴʰʹʺʸʨ˂ʰʻʲʰ
ʵʸʪʨʴʵ ʪʨʳʵʹ˂ʬʳʹ ˆʨʸˇʬʩʰʹ ʨʴʨʮʾʨʻʸʬʩʰʹ ˀʬʹʨˆʬʩ ʫʨʫʪʬʴʰʲʬʩʨʹ ʫʨ ʳʨʹ ʹʨʳˀʬʴʬʩʲʵ
ʹʨʳʨʸʯʨʲʫʨʳʸʾʭʬʭʹ ʻʪʮʨʭʴʰʹ. ˆʨʸˇʬʩʰʹ ʨʴʨʮʾʨʻʸʬʩʰʹʯʭʰʹ ʪʨʴʹʨʮʾʭʸʻʲʰ ʭʨʫʨ ʨʸ
ʻʴʫʨ ʨʾʬʳʨʺʬʩʵʫʬʹ 90 ʱʨʲʬʴʫʨʸʻʲ ʫʾʬʹ, ʯʻ ʳˆʨʸʬʯʨ ˀʬʯʨʴˆʳʬʩʰʯ ʨʸ ʫʨʫʪʰʴʫʨ
ʹˆʭʨ ʭʨʫʨ, ʳʨʪʸʨʳ ʨʸʨʻʳʬʺʬʹ 180 ʱʨʲʬʴʫʨʸʻʲʰ ʫʾʰʹʨ.

ʳʻˆʲʰ 137. ʹʨʼʸʯˆʰʹ ˀʬʳʽʳʴʬʲʰ ʨʭʨʸʰʻʲʰ ˀʬʴʵʩʨ-ʴʨʪʬʩʵʩʰʹ ʹʨʭʨʲʫʬʩʻʲʵ

ʸʬʱʵʴʹʺʸʻʽ˂ʰʰʹ ʨʴ ʫʬʳʵʴʺʨʷʰʹ ʪʨʴʻˆʵʸ˂ʰʬʲʬʩʲʵʩʨ
1. ʯʻ ʨʭʨʸʰʻʲʰ ˀʬʴʵʩʨ-ʴʨʪʬʩʵʩʰʹ ʳʬʹʨʱʻʯʸʰʹʨʯʭʰʹ ˂ʴʵʩʰʲʰ ʪʨˆʫʨ, ʸʵʳ ʳʰʹʰ
ʹʨʱʻʯʸʬʩʨ ʹʨʼʸʯˆʬʹ ʻʽʳʴʰʹ ʳʬʹʨʳʬ ʶʰʸʬʩʰʹ ʹʰ˂ʵ˂ˆʲʬʹ ʨʴ/ʫʨ ˇʨʴʳʸʯʬʲʵʩʨʹ,
ʳʬʹʨʱʻʯʸʬ ʭʨʲʫʬʩʻʲʰʨ ʨʹʬʯʰ ʰʴʼʵʸʳʨ˂ʰʰʹ ʳʰʾʬʩʰʫʨʴ ʨʸʨʻʪʭʰʨʴʬʹ 10 ʹʨʳʻˀʨʵ
ʫʾʰʹʨ ʨ˂ʴʵʩʵʹ ʨʳʰʹ ˀʬʹʨˆʬʩ ˀʬʹʨʩʨʳʰʹ ʳʻʴʰ˂ʰʶʨʲʰʺʬʺʰʹ ʵʸʪʨʴʵʹ ʫʨ
ʪʨʴʨˆʵʸ˂ʰʬʲʵʹ ʬʸʯ-ʬʸʯʰ ˀʬʳʫʬʪʰ ʽʳʬʫʬʩʨ:
ʨ) ʹʨʽʨʸʯʭʬʲʵʹ ʳʯʨʭʸʵʩʰʹ ʹʨʳʨʸʯʲʬʩʸʰʭʰ ʨʽʺʰʯ ʫʨʫʪʬʴʰʲ ʭʨʫʨˀʰ ʳʰʳʨʸʯʵʹ
ʳˀʬʴʬʩʲʵʩʰʹ ʴʬʩʨʸʯʭʰʹ ʪʨʳ˂ʬʳ ʨʫʳʰʴʰʹʺʸʨ˂ʰʻʲ ʵʸʪʨʴʵʹ ʨʭʨʸʰʻʲʰ ˀʬʴʵʩʨ-
ʴʨʪʬʩʵʩʰʹ ʸʬʱʵʴʹʺʸʻʽ˂ʰʰʹ ʨʴ ʫʬʳʵʴʺʨʷʰʹ ʴʬʩʨʸʯʭʰʹ ʪʨ˂ʬʳʰʹ ʳʵʯˆʵʭʴʰʯ ʫʨ ʨʳ
ʴʬʩʨʸʯʭʰʹ ʳʰʾʬʩʰʹ ˀʬʳʯˆʭʬʭʨˀʰ ʪʨʴʨˆʵʸ˂ʰʬʲʵʹ, ˀʬʹʨʩʨʳʰʹʨʫ, ʸʬʱʵʴʹʺʸʻʽ˂ʰʨ ʨʴ
ʫʬʳʵʴʺʨʷʰ;
ʩ) ˀʬʨʹʸʻʲʵʹ ˀʬʹʨʩʨʳʰʹʰ ʵʸʪʨʴʵʹ ʳʰʯʰʯʬʩʨ, ʨʪʸʬʯʭʬ ʯʨʭʰʹʰ ˀʬʹʨ˃ʲʬʩʲʵʩʰʹ
ʼʨʸʪʲʬʩˀʰ ʳʰʰʾʵʹ ʻʹʨʼʸʯˆʵʬʩʰʹ ʮʵʳʬʩʰ ʹʨʼʸʯˆʰʹ ʯʨʭʰʫʨʴ ʨʹʨ˂ʰʲʬʩʲʨʫ.
2. ʨʳ ʳʻˆʲʰʹ ʶʰʸʭʬʲʰ ʴʨ˄ʰʲʰʹ „ʨ“ ʨʴ „ʩ“ ʽʭʬʶʻʴʽʺʰʯ ʪʨʴʹʨʮʾʭʸʻʲʰ ʽʳʬʫʬʩʰʹ
ʪʨʴʻˆʵʸ˂ʰʬʲʬʩʲʵʩʨ ʪʨʳʵʰ˄ʭʬʭʹ ʫʨˇʨʸʰʳʬʩʨʹ 5 000 ʲʨʸʰʹ ʵʫʬʴʵʩʰʯ.