COMPUTER NETWORKS

Network Bandwidth and Delay

QUICK RECAP OF LAST LECTURE
 Internet Architecture (TCP/IP model)

 How is it different from OSI architecture

 TCP Vs UDP

 Socket Programming
IN TODAY’S CLASS
 Network bandwidth
 Delay

 How to keep the pipe full?

 RTT

 Applying learned concepts on real world

problems
 BANDWIDTH

 Bandwidth
 Number of bits per second that can be transmitted over
a communication link

1 Mbps link

 1 Mbps: 1 x 106 bits/second = 1x220 bits/sec

 1 Kbps: 1 x 103 bits/second = 1x210 bits/sec

 1Gbps: 1 x 109 bits/second = 1x230 bits/sec

BANDWITH
 1 Mbps link: 1 x 106 bits/second can be
transmitted
OR
 Each bit requires 1 x 10-6 seconds or imagine
that a timeline, now each bit occupies 1 micro
second space.

 On a 2 Mbps link the width is 0.5 micro

second.
 Smaller the width more will be transmission
per unit time.
BANDWIDTH

 What did we learn?

 Bits transmitted at a particular bandwidth can
be regarded as having some width:
(a) bits transmitted at 1Mbps (each bit 1 μs wide);
(b) bits transmitted at 2Mbps (each bit 0.5 μs wide).
CHANNEL AS A HOLLOW PIPE

 We think the channel between a pair of processes

as a hollow pipe

 Latency (delay) length of the pipe and bandwidth

the width of the pipe

 How to keep this pipe full?

 How many bits can be accommodated in the pipe?
DELAY * BANDWIDTH PRODUCT
 Ans: It is given by delay *bandwidth product.

Nagpur
Copyright© Dr. Nishat A. Ansari, IIIT
 Propagation delay(tprop):
 Time required for the first bit to arrive at the
receiver
tprop= length of the channel / speed of light
SUSTAINED PIPLELINE
 Considering a point to point link between two
machines, how long should the sender send for a
sustained pipeline?

Nagpur
Copyright© Dr. Nishat A. Ansari, IIIT
 Ans
DELAY
 Transmission delay (trans):
 Time required to emit all the bits of a packet or frame
trans= size of the packet / bandwidth

 Propagation delay(tprop):
 Time required for the first bit to arrive at the
receiver
tprop= length of the channel / speed of light
SUSTAINED PIPELINE
KEEPING THE PIPE FULL
 What did we learn?
 To keep the pipe full a sender must transmit for a
time which is equal to

2 * tprop + ttrans

 Note that:
 In the previous example, size of the
acknowledgement is considered negligible
 Queuing delay is also considered negligible
RTT
 Round Trip Time (RTT)

 Propagation delay is one way delay. RTT is a two

way delay
RTT = 2 * tprop
APPLYING LEARNED CONCEPTS:
SOLVE THE FOLLOWING
 Suppose a 128-Kbps point-to-point link is set up between
Earth and a rover on Mars. The distance from Earth to
Mars (when they are closest together) is approximately 55
Gm, and data travels over the link at the speed of light—3
× 108 m/s.

(a) Calculate the minimum RTT for the link.

(b) A camera on the rover takes pictures of its surroundings
and sends these to Earth. How quickly after a picture is
taken can it reach Mission Control on Earth? Assume that
each image is 5 MB in size.
THANK YOU