HOMEWORK

AGITATION AND MIXING

PRESENTED BY:
Laura Hoyos & Daniel Forero

GROUP : 1

TEACHER:
José Andrés Pérez Mendoza

UNIVERSIDAD DEL ATLÁNTICO

30/08/2022

UNIVERSIDAD DEL ATLÁNTICO

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
PROGRAM FLUID MECHANICS II
Homework in class 2022-II

1. It is going to evaluate the viscosity effect on three ophthalmic solutions in the scale- up
process, the mixing tank uses a marine propeller for reaching the perfect mixing of the
solutions. There has proposed to determine the mixing time under the working conditions
by using the criteria of the same liquid movement with a value of π*Ni*Di=5 m/s. The
laboratory tests were carried out into a vessel of 10 L and the new scale will be of 10 m3.
Table 1 shows the information about the density and kinematic viscosity of three different
solutions.

Table 1. Properties of ophthalmic solutions

Solution Density (kg/m3) Kinematic viscosity (m2/s)
A 1007 2.019x10-5
B 1005 3.74x10-6
C 1011 6.59x10-6

a) What kind of conclusions could you get from the data of mixing time?
b) If the scale-up criteria is changed to P/V=2.5 kW/m3 what can you conclude?

Solution
smaller scale:
3
V menor =10 L=0.01 m

Larger scale:
3
V mayor =10000 L=10 m

We have that the mixing time at different scales is:

( )( D )
5.4 1 DT
t m=
Ni N ´ p i

To perform this mixing exercise we must assume the following:

for a standard cylindrical tank:
H T 1 =DT 1

marine propellers:
Di 1
=
DT 3
Taking into account the volume of the tanks we can calculate the diameter:

( )
1
4V
DT = 3
π
And the diameter of the stirrer as:
1
D i= DT
3
For the smaller scale Tank:

( ) =0.23 m
3 1
4∗0.01m 3
D Tm =
π

Agitator diameter:

1
D ℑ= ∗0.23m=0.077 m
3

For the larger scale Tank:

( ) =2.34 m
3 1
4∗10 m 3
D Tg =
π

Agitator diameter:
1
D ℑ= ∗2.34 m=0.78 m
3
Stirrer speed:

tank 1:
m
V 1=π N ℑ D ℑ =5
s
m
5
vi s
N ℑ= = =20.67 hz
π Dℑ π∗0.077 m

Tank 2;

N ig =N ℑ
( )
DTm
DTg

N ig =20.67 hz ( 0.23
2.34 m )
m
=2.032
Mixing time:

N i D2i
ℜ=
v
N ´ p ,k 1=f (ℜ)

Tank 1:

20.67 m∗( 0.077 m)2

R e A= −5
=6070
2.019 x 10

20.67 m∗( 0.077 m)2

R e B= =32768
3.74 x 10−6
2
20.67 m∗( 0.077 m)
R e A= =18597
6.59 x 10−6

For tank 1 we have that the mixing regime is ℜ<10 5

P=K 1∗μ∗N 2ℑ∗D 3ℑ

2 3
P=50∗0.02∗20.67 ∗0.077 =1.95
So the mixing time is:

( )( )
2 1 1
3 ρVL 3 DT 3
T mA=5.9 D T
P Di

For solution A:
μ A =v∗ρ=0.02
 ( )(
1
Kg 3
1007 ∗0.01 m 3

)
3
m 0.23 m 13
T mA=5.9∗0.23 m =5.51 s
1.95 0.077

Tank 2:
2
2.032 m∗( 0.78 m )
R e A= =61231
2.019 x 10−5
2
2.032 m∗( 0.78 m )
R e B= =330553
3.74 x 10−6
2
2.032 m∗( 0.78 m )
R e A= −6
=187597
6.59 x 10

N ´ P=0.35

( )( D )
5.4 1 DT
t m=
Ni N ´ p i

t m=
5.4
( )( 2.34
1
2.032 0.35 0.78 m )
m
=22.78 s

Remaining then:
5.51 s
=24 %
22.78 s
We have that the mixing time in tank 2 is 24% greater than that of tank 1.

2. It is desire to make scale-up of a chemical reactor, a plant pilot reactor is charged with 50 kg
and operated at batch mode. The volume of the reactor is 0.06 cubic meters and, the density
and viscosity of the mass reaction are 950 kg/m3 and 0.65 cp respectively. A pitched blade
turbine of three blades is used, the reactor tank has a ratio HL/DT of 1.5 and a stirrer speed of
100 rpm. A larger reactor will be charged with 475 kg. Assuming the same geometry
similarity and power per volume unit for both reactors. What is the mixing time for the
larger reactor tank?

Solution

DATA:
Pilot plant:
m1=50 kg

m2=¿

V =0.06 m3
3
ρ=950 kg /m
μ=0.00065 pa s

ni 1 = ( 100
60 )
hz

HL
=1.5
DT
HL
DT =
1.5
Assuming geometric symmetry and the criterion of equal power per unit volume, what is the
mixing time for the larger reactor?
mL
ρ L=
VL
mL
V L=
ρL

π 2 mL
DT H L =
4 ρL
2
π hL mL
2
H L=
4 ( 1.5 ) ρL

( )
1
4∗( 1.5 )2 mL 3
H L=
π ρL

HL
DT =
1.5
Assuming geometric symmetry:
π 3
V= D
4 T

( )
1
4 DT 3
DT =
π

Tank 1:
DT 1 =¿ ¿

Tank 2:
 ( )
2 1
4∗( 1.5 ) ( 475 kg ) 3
H L2= =1.27 m
π 950 3
( kg
m )
H L 1.27 m
DT 2 = = =0.751 m
1.5 1.5

agitator diameters:
To determine the diameter of the agitator in tank 2, you assume that:
Di 1
=
DT 3
1
D i= DT 2=0.2505 m
3

Stirrer speed:

( ) ( ) (
DT 1 23 100
)
2
0.424 m 3
N i 2=N i 2 = hz =1.1385 hz
DT 2 60 0.2505m

Power number:

N i D2i ρ
R e i2 = =104419
μ
N ´ p=1.3
Mixing time:

( )( )
1
5.4 1 0.7515 m 2
t m= 3
=39.11 s
1.1385 1.3 0.2505 m

3. It is desire to make scale-up of a chemical reactor, a plant pilot reactor is charged with 25 kg
and operated at batch mode. The volume of the reactor is 0.03 cubic meters and, the density
and viscosity of the mass reaction are 950 Kg/m 3 and 0.65 cp respectively. A Rushton
turbine is used, the reactor tank has a ratio HL/DT of 1.5 and a stirrer speed of 150 rpm. A
larger reactor will be charged with 475 kg. Assuming the same geometry similarity and
power per volume unit for both reactors. What is the power requirement for the larger
reactor tank?
 Solution
Same procedure as in the previous exercise, but now with a Rushton turbine stirrer.
m1=25 kg
3
V T =0.03 m
kg
ρ=950 3
m
μ=0.00065 pa s

( )
N i 1=
150
60
hz
m2=475 kg
Tank 1:

( )
1
4 ( 0.3 m ) 3
3
DT 1 = =0.3367 m
π
Tank 2:
H L=¿
HL
DT 2 = =0.751m
1.5
Agitator diameter:
1 1
D i 2= D T 2= ( 0.751 )=0.25 m
3 3
Stirrer speed:

N i 2=N i 1 ( ) ( )( )
DT 1 23 150
DT 2
=
60
0.336 23
0.25
=1.464

Power number:
kg
2 1.464∗0.25 m∗950
Ni D ρ
i m
3
R e i2 = = =133730.77
μ 0.00065 pa s
N ´ p=5
Required power:
kg
Preq =N ´ pρ N 3i D5i =5∗950 3
∗1.464 3∗¿
m

4. Calculate the total pressure drop in the system shown in figure 1, for air-water mixture flow
with the following specifications: pipe diameter D = 3.7 cm, liquid mas flux L=1500
kg/m2*s and gas mass flux G=130 kg/m2*s, temperature T=25 °C, ΔPG=28000 N/m2
and average pressure P=10 bars.

Figure 1. Horizontal pipe

 For properties we get ρL=997.5 kg/m3, ρG=11.7 kg/m3, μL=8.93x10-4 kg/m*s and
μG=1.85x10-5 kg/m*s.

Solution
The first step is to calculate the regime that governs each fluid, for this we will calculate the
Reynolds number:

LD
ℜL = =62150,05 6
μL

GD
ℜG = =2600 0
μG

X tt is calculated using the following equations and the properties given by the exercise:

( ) ( ) ( )
0,111 0,555
μL ρG ṁL
X tt = =1,504
μG ρL mG

With this we verify that both fluids are in a turbulent regime and that 1 < Xtt < 10. So with this it
is understood that equations 11 and 14 have to be used.
2 3
Y G ( tt )=5,8+ 6,7143 X tt +6,9643 X tt −0,75 X tt =29,11

Y L ( tt )=18,219 X tt −0,8192=13,03

The pressure drop per unit length is obtained by dividing the pressure drop by the length of the
cylinder =

N
28000
( ∆ZP )=
2
m
3m

As the gas phase is larger, the pressure drop will be found by this:

( )
∆P
Z T
=Y G
∆P
Z G ( )
=271772,576

5. Natural gas flows by a pipeline of 2400 meters with an inner diameter D=100 mm and the
 gas volumetric flow rate is 300000 cubic meters per day. The gas reservoir has a pressure of
8 MPa and 65 °C and, the following properties: a molecular mass of 22, a density of 66
Kg/m3 and a viscosity of 0.015 cp. 15 cubic meters are condensed through the pipeline with
665 Kg/m3 and 0.3 cp of density and viscosity respectively. Determine:

a) Pattern flow.
b) Final pressure.
c) What is the amount of liquid that should be condensed or eliminated for changing its
regime flow?

Solution

L = 2400 m
D = 0,100 m
V ng = 300000 m3/day = 3,4722 m3/s
Δ P= 8 Mpa
T= 65°C
mw= 22 kg/kmol
3
ρ NG =66 kg /m
μ NG= 0.015 cp= 0,000015 kg/m-s
Vcg = 15 cubic meters
3
V CG =665 kg /m
μCG =0.0003 cp

First we calculate the flow of m ass per unit of area for the natural gas
ρng V ng❑ kg
⋅ 2
=14596,5 2
G =
ng D m s
Π ❑
2

Now, the condensed gas:

..
. ρcg V cg kg
Gcg = 2
=7,350 2
D m s
Π
2

Both Reynolds number for the phases:

G.ng D
ℜng= =97310000
μ cg

.
Gcg D
ℜcg= =2450
μ cg

X tt is calculated using the following equation and the properties given by the exercise:
 ( ) ( ) ( )
0,111 0,555
μ cg png G⋅cg
X tt = =0,0001948
μng pcg G ng
⋅

Since, x << 1 and they are both turbulent flows:

2 3
Y G (tt)=1,7172+15,431 X tt +3,931 X tt −2,2952 X tt =1,7202❑

( ΔZP ) =80000 MPa

G

( ΔZP ) =Y (tt)( ΔPZ ) =13761,6 mN

t
G
G
2

N
13761,6
( ΔLP ) =
2
m N
=5,734 3
t 2400 m

To know the amount of liquid that should be eliminated in order to change to transitory state the gas flow:

⋅ μ ng kg
Gng=3999 =0,59985 2
D m s

⋅ 2
⋅ 2 p ng V ng mw D π Gng
G = ng 2
⇒ ⋅
=mw
D π 2 png V ng

−3
m w =0,41116 x 10 kmol

Around 0,41116x10^-3 kmol of natural gas should be removed from the flow to change the regime of the
flow.