CALCULATION Condenser

1. LMTD
Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) is used to determine the driving force for
exchanged heat by a heat exchanger

T1= 770℃
T2= 150℃
t1= 30℃
t2= 140℃

(770−140) – (150−30)
ΔTlm = (770−140)
ln
(150−30)
ΔTlm = 307.56 ℃
2. Heat Transfer
Q = ṁ𝐶𝑝∆𝑇
= (2517.73(kg )/hr)(14.65KJ/(Kg.K))(423.15K-1043.15)K
=-22868541.59 (KJ )/hr

3. Correction Factor, F

¿−ti
S= (ahmed, 2017)
Ti−ti

140−30
S=
770−30

S= 0.15

Ti−¿
R=
¿−ti

770−150
R= = 5.6
140−30

From graph; F = 0.92

Corrected LMTD = F × ΔTlm = 0.92 x 307.56℃ = 282.96oC

4. Heat Transfer Surface Area

Q
A=
U ΔTm
 22868541.59 Kj /hr
= J KJ 3600 s
(1000 )( )( )¿ ¿
s . m2 ℃ . 1000 J . 1 hr .
= 22.07 m2
5. Tube Surface Area

A=π x 0.02m x 6.10 m

= 0.3833 m2

6. Number of Tube

A 22.07 m2
Nt= = = 57.58 = 58
At 0.3833 m2

58 for two pass, 29 for one pass

7. Tube Cross-sectional Area

Ac= π r2 = π (0.01)2 = 3.1416 x 10-4 = 0.00031416 m2
So area per pass = 29 x 0.00031416 m2 = 0.0091 m2

8. Tube Length
A 22.07 m2
L= = = 6.06 m
(π )( Do)( Nt ) (π )(0.02 m)(58)

9. Tube Arrangement

-Triangle

10. Tube Inner Diameter

Do 20
Di= = = 15.3846 mm = 0.01538 m
Dr 1.3

11. Bundle Diameter

No pass = 2, Do=20mm, K1=0.249, n1=2.207

 Nt 1/n1
Db= (Do)( )
K1

58 1/2.207
Db= (20mm)( ) = 236.39mm = 0.2364m
0.249

12. Shell Diameter

Ds= Db + Shell bundle Clearance (choose spit ring floating heat)

Ds= 236.39mm + 51mm = 287.39 mm

13. Baffle

Bs (baffles spacing)= No. of pass X Ds

Ds=287.39mm

Bs= 2 X 287.39 = 574.78 mm

L 6100 mm
NB (baffles number) = = = 10.61 = 11 the baffles spacing if used 11
Bs 574.78 mm
baffles

554.55mm
14. Shell Area

Pt (Pitch Tube) = 1.25×Do= 1.25×20mm = 25mm = 0.025m

Ds× Bs ×(Pt −Do) ( 0.2874 m )( 0.5748 m ) (0.025 m−0.02 m)

A= = = 0.0330 m2
Pt 0.025 m

15. Effective Diameter

Pt 1 D o2
De = 4( × 0.87 Pt − π ¿
2 2 4
2
0.025 1 (0.0 2 )
De = 4( × 0.87(0.025)− π ¿ = 4.5918 ×10-4 m
2 2 4

16. Reynolds Number

No, of tube per pass is 58, the tube crossectional area is 0.0003m2.

Total tube area for one pass = 29×0.0003 m2 = 0.009 m2

3
Kg 1hr
Volumetric Flowrate = (2517.73 ¿× ( )× m ¿= 1.67 m3/s
hr 3600 s 0.42 Kg

m3 m
Velocity = (1.67 ) ÷ (0.018 m2) = 92.78
s s

0.00163 Kg
Viscosity Hydrogen at 460℃ (using T average) =
m. s

0.42 kg m
Re=
( m 3 ) ( 92.78 ) (4.5918 ×1 0
s
−4
m)
= 109.77
0.00163 Kg
m.s

Below 2000 of Re = Laminar Flow

17. Heat Transfer Coefficient Tube

J
Kf at 265℃ = 0. 2592
m .s. K

J 0.00163 kg
14650 ×
Cpµ Kg . K m. s
Pr= = =92.13
Kf J
0.2592
m. s . K

de=4.5918× 1 0−4 m

L 6.0 m
= = 303
Do 0.02 m

Jh=8.8 ×1 0−3 ( Refer¿Table 12.23)

J
0.2592
m. s . K −3 92.131/3
hs= × ( 8.8 ×1 0 ) × 109.77×
4.5918 ×1 0−4 m

hi=2462.74
18. Pressure Drop

Tube Pressure Drop

Jf =5.8 ×1 0−2

L=6100 mm

di=15.3846 mm

m
µt=velocity=92.78
s

Jf =5.8 ×1 0−1 (Refer ¿Table12.24 )

0.42 kg m 2
(
ΔPt=2 8 × ( 5.8 ×1 0 ) ×
−2 6100 mm
(
15.3846 mm) )(
+2.5 ( m3 )(
2
92.78
s) ¿

N
ΔPt=67418.86 @ 0.6741886 ¯.
m

¿ 1.8 ¯¿ more efficient

Shell Pressure Drop

0.42 kg m 2
( −2
ΔPs= 8 × ( 5.8 × 10 ) ×
0.28739m
( 4.5918 × 10 m ) (
−4
6100 mm
574.78 mm)) (
×( m3 )(
2
92.78
s ) ¿

ΔPt = 557138.14 N/m =0.557138 Bar

General Consideration

General Consideration

1. Design Pressure
PDesign = Pmax + 10% extra
Pdesign = 1400 Kpa + (1400 Kpa × 0.1) = 1540 Kpa
2. Design Temperature
Tdesign = THighest temperature of body + 10℃
Tdesign = 770℃ + 10℃ = 780
 HEAT EXCHANGER E-102 SPECIFICATION DATA SHEET

SPECIFICATION DATA SHEET

General Information
Type of Equipment Shell and Tube Condenser
Function Used to decrease the temperature of the
synthesis gas before enter reactor.
No. of Equipment E-103
Material Construction Stainless Steel
Type Operation Continuous

Operating Conditions
Feed Flowrate kg
2517.73 )(
hr
Operating Temperature 770 oC
Operating Pressure 1000 Kpa
Heat Transfer KJ
22868541.59
hr
LMTD 307.56 ℃
Correction Factor, F 0.92
Corrected LMTD 282.96oC
Heat Transfer Surface Area 22.07 m2
Tube Side
Tube Surface Area 0.3883 m2
Tube Length 6.06 m
Tube Inner Diameter, Di 0.0154 m
Tube diameter Ratio, Dr 1.3
Tube Outer Diameter, Do 0.02
Number of tubes 58
Number of passes 2
Tube per passes 29
Tube cross-sectional Area 0.0003 m2
Area per passes 0.009 m2
Total Tube Area 0.018 m2
Tube Pressure Drop 0.6741886 ¯¿
Shell Side
Bundle Diameter, Db 0.2364 m
Shell Diameter, Ds 0.2874 m
Shell Pressure Drop 0.557138 Bar
Design Consideration
Design Pressure 1540 kPa
Design Temperature 780oC

MECHANICAL DRAWING
3D Drawing
1. Side View
2. Top View

3. Front View
4. Isometric View
2D Drawing

1. Overall View

2. 2D drawing for Baffle