The Origin of Earth

and the Universe

According to Claudius
Ptolemaeus
(Ptolemy)the Earth is
the center of the
universe. As they
observed that the stars,
sun, and planets
revolving around the
earth.
In 1543, astronomer
Nicolas Copernicus
developed the
Heliocentrism
theory.
BIG BANG THEORY
Matter was not present at the
beginning of time; there was
only pure energy compressed in
a single point called singularity
Monsignor
Georges
Lemaitre
Edwin Hubble
• gravity (attraction between bodies)
• electromagnetic force (binds atoms into
molecules)
• strong nuclear force (binds protons and
neutrons together in the nucleus)
• weak nuclear force (breaks down atom’s
nucleus and produce radioactive decay)
•Protons and neutrons fuse and form the
nucleus of hydrogen and helium atoms
•Photons escaped and light existed for the
very first time
•Stars, and galaxies began to form as hydrogen
and helium coalesce with the aid of gravity
•Light elements to heavier elements from
the supernova as the temperature cooled
down
• Nebulae would later on form the star
systems and planets known today
4.54 billion years old, based on the age of
meteorites which are believed to have been
formed the same time as the rest of the
Solar system
How did the Solar System form?
Encounter Hypothesis
Encounter Hypothesis

•able to explain why all the planets revolve

in the same direction
• why the inner planets are denser than the
outer ones
Encounter Hypothesis

Hot gases expand, they would not contract

Tidal Hypothesis
Tidal Hypothesis
• It assumes origin of the earth through two nebulae. According to
this theory a large nebula wandering in the space came very close
to another less massive nebula, which is the sun.
• The gravitational pull of the larger nebula caused a huge tidal
upsurge of matter on the surface of the small nebula.
• As the larger nebula moved away, matter rises from the smaller
nebula and was pulled towards it. The matter was then drawn to a
distance where it can no longer return to the parent body, thus it
was detached from the smaller nebula. The matter gradually
cooled down and formed the planets, including the Earth, which
began to revolve around the sun.
Nebular Hypothesis
Nebular Hypothesis
•Laplace's model led to the planets revolving
around the Sun in the same plane and in the
same direction as the Sun rotates today.
•Laplace's model and the Nebular Theory
became widely accepted for about a century,
until the discovery of asteroids with highly
eccentric orbits and moons with retrograde
orbits contradicted the idea of regularity of
motions in the solar system.
Protoplanet Hypothesis