Goryeo Dynasty

고려 왕조
Presenter: Ronny Estrella ( 로니)
Course: ITP540
Prof. Cheon Young Sook
Spring 2018, Semester
  Founding: in July 25, 918
 Period: 918 – 1392 ( 474 years)
 Territory: North Hamgyong ( 함경북도와 ),
Yanggang ( 양강도와 ) and North Pyongan
( 평안북도 ) excluding some Korea Peninsula
Basic and near island.

Information  Capital: Cheorwon Taebong Palace ( 철원 태

봉궁 ) (918 – 919)
 Gaegyeong Manwoldae ( 개경 만월대 ) (919
-1232, 1270 – 1392)
 Gangdo Koryo Palace( 강도 고려궁 ) (1232
-1270)
 Political System: Monarchy
 Nationality: Gaesung Wang ( 개성 왕씨 )
 Religion: Buddhism
  After the disintegration of Unified Silla, three
kingdoms born Goryeo, Habekje and Silla.
Since then a total of 34 monarchs have been
rule the peninsula for 474 years.
 The kingdom oversaw an unprecedented
flourishing in culture and arts with
developments in architecture, ceramics,
Introduction printing, and papermaking. The kingdom was
repeatedly invaded by the Mongols in the 13th
century CE and thereafter became less
independent and more culturally influenced by
their northern neighbours. Korean
independence was re-established under the
Joseon (Choson) dynasty from 1392 CE. Kuryo
is the origin of modern Korea's English name. (
Goryeo Palace Painting
Cartwright ,2018) Source: Ancient History Encyclopedia
  Wang Kon was eager to rekindle the former glories of the
Goguryeo state, which has thrived during the Three Kingdoms
period ( 37 BCE- 668 CE).
 Wang Kon declared himself king and for his contribution to
creating the new state he was given the posthumous title of
King Taejo or 'Great Founder.‘
 Taejo's kingdom was far from secure and the Khitan (Qidan) tribes
in the north proved stubbornly resistant to Goryeo's expansionist
HISTORY policies of the late 10th and early 11th century CE.
  Indeed, the Khitan counter-attacked twice and briefly took
Songdo
 A third battle in 1033 CE finally saw Goryeo victorious, and a
defensive wall was built stretching right across the northern Korea
border. This wall became especially useful when the Jin dynasty
overran the old Khitan territories in the first quarter of the 12th
century CE.
  Wang Kon was eager to rekindle the former glories of the
Goguryeo state, which has thrived during the Three Kingdoms
period ( 37 BCE- 668 CE).
 Wang Kon declared himself king and for his contribution to
creating the new state he was given the posthumous title of
King Taejo or 'Great Founder.‘
 Taejo's kingdom was far from secure and the Khitan (Qidan) tribes
in the north proved stubbornly resistant to Goryeo's expansionist
HISTORY policies of the late 10th and early 11th century CE.
  Indeed, the Khitan counter-attacked twice and briefly took
Songdo
 A third battle in 1033 CE finally saw Goryeo victorious, and a
defensive wall was built stretching right across the northern Korea
border. This wall became especially useful when the Jin dynasty
overran the old Khitan territories in the first quarter of the 12th
century CE.
  The Goryeo system of government was much like previous Korean
kingdoms with a centralized government presided over by a
monarch who might consult a small council of senior administrators.
 The civil administration was dominated by an expanded but still
exclusive aristocracy ruling.
 The civil administration was dominated by an expanded but still
exclusive aristocracy ruling.
Politics/  Local magistrates (often large estate owners with their own private
Society army) whose authority could be all-powerful in the districts.
 At the bottom of the social ladder were slaves (prisoners of war,
debtors, and criminals) who worked on the estates of the landed
gentry or for the government on building projects such as
fortifications.
 Entrance to the state schools system (centralized in 992 CE) was also
limited to those of a certain social rank.
  In Goryeo, the female line was often as important as the male line, which
meant that women were treated more favorably than in contemporary
cultures such as China. Sometimes a husband moved into his wife's
family home, women could divorce and keep custody of their children,
and they could also inherit equally with their male siblings.
 One significant change from previous regimes was that Goryeo made
slavery hereditary with a reform in 1037 CE

Politics/
Society
  Taejo (918 to 943)
 Shingon (949 to 975)
Important  Seongjong (981 to 997)

Kings  Hyeonjong (1009 to 1031)

 Mongo (1046 - 1083)
 King Kongmin (1351 to 1374)

King Taejo Wang Geon

(Wang Kǒn, 왕건 )
~ 31 January 877 – 4 July 943
  918 CE - 943 CE Reign of Goryeo founder King Taejo (formerly Wang
Geon).
 918 CE - 1,392 CE The Goryeo Dynasty rules in Korea.
 935 CE The last Silla king, Gyeongsun, surrenders to Wang Geon ruler
of Goryeo.
 992 CE The school system in Goryeo is centralized.
 994 CE The Khitan Liao dynasty invades the Korean peninsula.
TIME LINE  996 CE The first Korean coins are minted by the Goryeo Dynasty.
 1,033 CE Goryeo wins a decisive battle against the northern Khitan
tribes.
 1,097 CE The Goryeo king, Sukjong, mints copper coins in Korea.
 1,101 CE The unbyong (aka hwalgu) silver vases are first made and used
as currency in Korea.
 1,102 CE The Goryeo king, Sukjong, mints a second issue of copper coins
in Korea.
  1,126 CE A rebellion led by the king's father-in-law Yi Chagyom is
quashed in Goryeo.
 1,126 CE The Goryeo kingdom of Korea submits to vassal status
towards the Jurchen Jin dynasty.
 1,135 CE A rebellion led by the monk Myochong is quashed in Goryeo.
 1,145 CE The 'Samguk sagi' ('History of the Three Kingdoms') is written
by Kim Pusik in Goryeo.
TIME LINE  1,170 CE The military stages a coup in Goryeo. King Uijong is replaced
by his brother Myeongjong as a puppet sovereign.
 1,231 CE Ogedei Khan leads a Mongol invasion into Korea.
 1,234 CE Movable metal type printing is invented in Goryeo, Korea.
 1,258 CE An uprising restores the monarchy in Korea and makes peace
with the Mongol Empire.
 1,285 CE The Samguk yusa ('Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms') is
written by Iryon in Korea.
  Goryeo established close ties with China's Song dynasty. The
Song requested that Goryeo help them deal with the Khitan and
Jin, but the Koreans were not keen to be embroiled in a wider
regional conflict.
 China exported silk, books, spices, tea, medicine, and ceramics
while Goryeo sent gold, silver, copper, ginseng, porcelain, pine
nuts, and hanji paper
RELATIONS
WITH CHINA

Bronze Korean Coin, Goryeo Dynasty

Source: Ancient History Encyclopedia
  Buddhism was directly responsible for the development of printing for it
was to spread Buddhist literature that woodblock printing improved and
then movable metal type was invented in 1234 CE.
 Improved quality ink and hanji paper made from mulberry trees
accompanied these developments, the latter gaining fame as the finest
PAPER, paper in the world. 

PRINTING &
PAINTINGS

Source: Ancient History Encyclopedia

  Goryeo's sculptors used a variety of mediums
including marble, stone, terracotta, and metal.
Figures of Buddha as Maitreya (the coming
Buddha) were popular and some are massive such
GORYEO as the 17.4 metre (57 ft.) high one at Paju and the
SCULPTURE 18.4 metre (59.3 ft.) tall figure at the Kwanchok
temple in Nonsan.
 Standing figures of soldiers or officials were
commonly placed in pairs outside tombs, as per
the China model. In the second half of the period,
sculptures are mostly small-scale and made with
gilt-bronze

Source: Ancient History Encyclopedia

  Goryeo potters produced unglazed
GORYEO stoneware and white porcelain, but
their most celebrated creation is
SCULPTURE celadon ware.
 known as greenware because of its pale
green colour, has a smooth glaze and
pieces typically have fine inlaid designs
(sanggam), especially Buddhist motifs
such as the lotus flower, cranes, and
clouds. 

Source: Ancient History Encyclopedia

  There are no surviving temples from the Goryeo dynasty, made
as they were largely of wood, which is a poor archaeological
survivor. A good idea of the architectural style is seen in the 13th-
century CE Hall of Eternal Life (Muryangsujeon) at the Pusok
GORYEO temple in Yongju. 

ARCHITECTU
RE

Source: Ancient History Encyclopedia

  The years of relative peace in the 12th and 13th centuries CE allowed
for a flourishing of the arts, but it also resulted in a steadily increasing
decadence among the ruling elite, corruption, and social unrest.
  A significant rebellion led by the king's father-in-law Yi Chagyom in
1126 CE and another by the monk Myochong in 1135 CE were
quashed, but matters came to a head in the reign of king Uijong
MONGOL (1147-1170 CE).
 Decades of turbulent in-fighting between all levels of Goryeo society
INVASIONS ensued with more coups, assassinations, and slave rebellions.
 The crisis came in 1231 CE when the Mongols, now led by Ogedei
Khan, invaded Korea, forcing Goryeo to move its capital to Kanghwa
Island.
 Goryeo population had to face six Mongol invasions over the next
three decades. By 1258 CE the people had had enough, and the
military ruler was assassinated, the king reinstalled with full powers,
and peace made with the Mongols.
THE FALL OF  Korea then became increasingly influenced by Mongol culture,
GORYEO princes were required to live as hostages in Beijing, and several
kings married Mongolian princesses. Korea would have to wait
DYNASTY another century to re-establish its independence when, in 1392
CE, the general Yi Song-gye formed the new state of Joseon.  
  https://namu.wiki/w/%EA%B3%A0%EB%A0%A4
 Cartwright, M. (2016, October 17). Goryeo. Ancient History
Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/Goryeo/
References  https://youtu.be/FCwkcYNyEiU ( History Goryeo)