Name: _________________________________________ Grade and Section: _____________

21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World

Quarter 1 – Module 2

Canonical authors and Works of Philippine National Artists in Literature

Elements of Poetry
Imagery is the concrete representation of a sense impression, feeling, or idea that triggers our
imaginative ere-enactment of a sensory experience. Images may be visual (something seen),
aural (something heard), tactile (something felt), olfactory (something smelled), or gustatory
(something tasted). Imagery may also refer to a pattern of related details in a poem.

Alliteration is a repetition of the same consonant sounds in a sequence of words, usually at the
beginning of a word or stressed syllable: “descending dew drops;” “luscious lemons.” Alliteration
is based on the sounds of letters, rather than the spelling of words; for example, “keen” and
“car” alliterate, but “car” and “cite” do not.

Assonance is the repetition of similar internal vowel sounds in a sentence or a line of poetry, as
in “I rose and told him of my woe.” is the repetition of similar internal vowel sounds in a
sentence or a line of poetry, as in “I rose and told him of my woe.”

Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word, the "dictionary definition."¨ For example, if
you look up the word snake in a dictionary, you will discover that one of its denotative
meanings is "any of numerous scaly, legless, sometimes venomous reptiles¡ Khaving a long,
tapering, cylindrical body and found in most tropical and temperate regions."

Connotation, on the other hand, refers to the associations that are connected to a certain word
or the emotional suggestions related to that word. The connotative meanings of a word exist
together with the denotative meanings. The connotations for the word snake could include evil
or danger.

Symbolism is the use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities, by giving them symbolic
meanings that are different from their literal sense.

Theme is defined as a main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work, which may be
stated directly or indirectly.

Repetition is a literary device that repeats the same words or phrases a few times to make an
idea clearer and more memorable.

Figurative language is a form of language use in which the writers and speakers mean
something other than the literal meaning of their words. Two figures of speech that are
particularly important for poetry are simile and metaphor. A simile involves a comparison
between unlike things using like or as. For instance, “My love is like a red, red rose.” A
metaphor is a comparison between essentially unlike things without a word such as like or as.
For example, “My love is a red, red rose.” Synecdoche is a type of metaphor in which part of
something is used to signify the whole, as when a gossip is called a “wagging tongue.”
Metonymy is a type of metaphor in which something closely associated with a subject is
substituted for it, such as saying the “silver screen” to mean motion pictures. Personification is
a figurative comparison endowing inanimate
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 Assessment:
A. Instruction: Explore the different txt written by Canonical Authors from different
Regions. Here’s one from Manila and answer the questions that follows.

Third World Geography

By: Cirilo F. Bautista
Manila

A country without miracles

sits heavy on the map,
thinking of banana trees rotting
in the sunlight.
The man who watches over it
has commandeered all hopes,
placed them in a sack,
and tied its loose end.
He goes around carrying it
on his back.
When asked what is inside,
he says, “Just a handful of feathers,
just a handful of feathers.”
That’s how light the burden
of government is in peace time—
any tyrant can turn it into a metaphor.
You kneel on the parched earth
and pray for rice. Only the wind
hears your useless words.
The country without miracles
tries to get up from the page,
but the bold ink and sharp colors
hold it down.

1. The figure of speech used in the lines “A country without miracles sits heavy on the map, thinking of
banana trees rotting in the sunlight” is_________________.
a. Metaphor b. Personification c. Simile d. Hyperbole

2. What has happened to hope in the poem as described by the lines “The man who watches over it has
commandeered all hopes, placed them in a sack, and tied its loose end. He goes around carrying it on
his back.”
a. It has been killed b. It has been conquered. c. It has been stolen d. It has been
silenced.

3. What are the “feathers” discussed in the poem supposed to be a metaphor of?
a. The burden of government b. The dashed hopes of people
c. The feathers of dead birds d. The poverty in the country

4. “You kneel on parched earth and pray for rice.” This implies that thepeople in the poem
are________________.
a. Angry b. Depressed c. Hungry d. Thirsty

5. The persona speaking in the poem is ______________.

a. A character in the poem b. An unbiased observer
c. The author d. The man who watches over the country

6. The poem is written with a sarcastic tone. Explain your answer with lines from the poem.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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7. Describe the dramatic situation of the poem in three sentences.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

B. Edith L. Tiempo (April 22, 1919 – August 21, 2011), poet, fiction writer,
teacher and literary critic was a Filipino writer in the English language.
Tiempo was born in Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya. Her poems are intricate
verbal transfigurations of significant experiences as revealed, in two of her
much anthologized pieces, "Halaman" and "Bonsai." As fictionist, Tiempo is
as morally profound. Her language has been marked as "descriptive but
unburdened by scrupulous detailing." She is an influential tradition in
Philippine Literature in English. Together with her late husband, writer and
critic Edilberto K. Tiempo, they founded (in 1962) and directed the Silliman
National Writers Workshop in Dumaguete City, which has produced some of
the Philippines' best writers. She was conferred the National Artist Award for
Literature in 1999.
What do you value in life? Do you value the same thing the persona
in the poem holds dear?

Read the poem and discover if you have the same experience with the persona.

Bonsai RUBRICS
Edith Tiempo

All that I love

I fold over once
And once again
And keep in a box
Or a slit in a hollow post
Or in my shoe.

All that I love?

Why, yes, but for the moment-
And for all time, both.
Something that folds and keeps easy,
Son’s note or Dad’s one gaudy tie,
A roto picture of a queen,
A blue Indian shawl, even
A money bill.

It’s utter sublimation,

A feat, this heart’s control
Moment to moment
To scale all love down
To a cupped hand’s size

Till seashells are broken pieces

From God’s own bright teeth,
And life and love are real
Things you can run and
Breathless hand over
To the merest child.

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Task: Interpret the meaning of the poem, “ Bonsai” through a drawing or a poster. Use the box below for your
drawing or Poster. Your score will be based on the given rubrics.

References:
Books: Agustin,Roy Tristan B.et.al. 21st Century Literature From the Philippines and
the World. Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc., 2016.
Uychoco, Marikit Tara A. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the
World. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore, 2016.
Online: www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&e1. n.d.
tagaloglang.com/philippine-geography-song/ (accessed June 24,
2020).

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Bethelmy, LC. www. frontiersin.org. March 13, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00509 (accessed June 23, 2020)