Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION V-BICOL
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON CITY
ABUYOG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
EAST DISTRICT, SORSOGON CITY

21st Century Literature

Grade12 Worksheet No. 5 L 5
NAME: SECTION DATE
Pretest
Arrange the jumbled letters by understanding the statement about it.
ANGAM – an artistic story telling style originated from Japan
OLGB – a website containing short articles called posts updated regularly by the same person or by people interested
by the same topic
ELDOOD NOITCIF-incorporation of handwritten graphics and drawings

Context and Text’s Meaning

Biographical context requires the readers to analyze the life and experience of the author to understand the literary text. It is
essential for readers to understand the author’s background. Understanding the author’s life can help you understand his or her
work thoroughly. This can happen by reading the author’s biography or autobiography.

Here are biographical strategies that you may use:

✔ Research on what the author believes in and also what he or she does not.
✔ Analyze how the author’s belief system is reflected in his or her work.
✔ Look at the author’s other works and analyze if there is a pattern with regard to the theme that is indicative of his or her
life and beliefs.
Sociocultural context requires the reader to analyze the social, economic, political, and cultural standpoint of the literary text. It
is also important to note the year or period a literary text was written for readers to be able to identify the historical or significant
events that took place in that year which add to the readers’ understanding of the text. In reading using sociocultural context, you
will examine the factors that affect the writing of the literary text and how the work was received by the readers during the time it
was written.
Here are some guide questions that you may answer when you are reading literature through the sociocultural context:

● What is the relationship between the characters or speakers in the text and their society?
● How does this story reflect the nation? What does this say about the country and its inhabitants?
Linguistic context requires the readers to analyze the language, form and structure of the text. Reading through a linguistic
context focuses on the language used in the literary work and how it is used to convey meaning.
The following are some strategies you may use to read a text through the linguistic context:
✔ Analyze the diction or choice of words in the text.
✔ Examine the text use of sentences, clause, phrases, line cuts, etc.
✔ Observe the use of figurative language.
✔ Analyze the mood and tone of the text.
✔ Observe the text’s overall structure.
✔ Observe the text’s overall structure.
 Analyze the content of the text

In explaining your analysis of a literary piece such as poem, you may use a simple poem analysis essay by Liza Erpelo, 2009:

● Introduction – provide the necessary background in 3-5 sentences: title of poem, poet’s name/ any relevant
biographical facts, and summary of poem’s subject or topic. In your thesis sentence, identify the literary element(s) to
be analyzed and the approach or direction of the analysis.
 ● Body Paragraphs- the number of paragraphs will be based on the number of elements you analyze and the number of
claims that you make.

● Conclusion- your concluding paragraph should begin by echoing your major thesis without repeating the words
literally. It should broaden from the thesis statement to answer the “so what?” question your reader may have after
reading your essay. Reflect on how your essay topic relates to the poem as a whole. Evaluate how successful the author
is in achieving his or her goal or message. Give a personal statement about the topic. Connect back to your creative
opening. Give your opinion of the poem’s value or significance.

Sources: Cuevas, Regine. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Unit 1:
Contextual Reading Approaches.

https://www.academia.edu/37827038/21st_Century_Literature-
from_the_Philipines_and_the_World_Unit_1_Contextual_Reading_Approaches
A. PRACTICE TASKS

Practice Task 1
Can you name some of our Filipino writers?
Do you know that one of the most notable Filipino writers is Virgilio Almario aka Rio Alma. He is a National Artist
for Literature and has won several awards for his works.

Rio Alma came from a family of peasant farmers in the province of Bulacan, near Manila. His collection of criticism
Ang Makatasa Panahon ng Makina (The poet in the Age of Machines) is one of the founding works of modernist criticism in
Tagalog. He is well known as a scholar in the national language and a promoter of literature. His poetry covers a broad range of
forms, and is often exuberant in expression and passionate in its sympathy for the poor and the working class. His earlier works
ranged from expansive free verse to sonnets, but his more recent work emphasizes formal convention. He founded the Children’s
Communication Center (publisher of Adarna Books), conducts the long-running poetry clinic,

Linangan sa Imahen, Retorika, at Arte (Lira), has been executive director of the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), and is currently dean of the college of liberal
arts at UP. He was conferred the order of National Artist for Literature in 2003.
Below is a poem written by Rio Alma entitled “Typhoons,” (2005). He tells of the
“perennial tempests” that visit the land, as he finds himself waking with full amazement
to be greeted by clear Daylight with each new morning.
Source:https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgilio_S._Almario#/media/file
%3AVirgilio_Almario_2019_(cropped).jpg

Typhoons (An Excerpt)

Rio Alma
(translated by Marne Kilates)

The typhoons’ episodes of terror are yearly:

Berserk wind and shattered glass
Streaming from the mouth of a thousand serpents,
Smoke of dark crystal billowing
From beyond the ancient shoulders of the bristling land.
The heavens crawl with crackling electricity
And the verdicts of thunder are without forgiveness or pity.
There were nights
When we were children watching
And listening for the keening
And whiplash of wet, demented monsters:
Turning wildly, they tore every roof,
They toppled and smashed every wall and post;
The drains and canals choked,
The distressed bamboo begged for mercy.
We shut out eyes
 At the final rumbling rape
Of our prostrate crops, the helpless land.
Tightly we shut our eyes,
Tightly, ever tightly…
Only to wonder in the morning
What power of sun expunged
And expelled these armies of the night.
Check Your Understanding
This time let us test how well your comprehension works by answering the following questions. Write your answer in a separate
sheet of paper.
1. What is the event that the author was talking about in his poem?
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Where do you think the story happens? Ex. City or rural area, etc.
__________________________________________________________________________
3. What are the words that caught your attention? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________

4. Can this story happen in real life? Why do you say so?
__________________________________________________________________________
5. In what way does the incident in the poem similar or differ from your own experience?
_______________________________________________________________
Practice task 2
Biographical Context
Knowing a short background of Rio Alma, explain the biographical context of the poem “Typhoon” through a five-
sentence paragraph. Write this in a separate sheet of paper

Practice 3
Students will read Bonifacio”s Pag -ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa and answer the following questions.
Why do you think Andres Bonifacio Wrote Pag-ibig sa Tinibuang Lupa?
Assessment: Poem Analysis (SGW)

Explain the biographical, linguistic and sociocultural contexts and discuss how they enhance the text meaning and
enrich your understanding of the excerpt. You may write your analysis essay on a sheet of paper. Please be guided with the
questions below.

1. What language/s did the author use in the selection? Does it help you understand the text's meaning?
2. Does the title suggest another meaning?
3. Does the selection tell you a story?
4. Does the text address an issue about gender, race and politics?
5. Does the poem reflect Filipino attitudes?

CoŇotations (An Excerpt)

Paolo Manalo
CoŇotations (An Excerpt)
Paolo Manalo

1. I’m lie tripping right now I have suitcase fever.

2. Dude, man, pare, three people can be the same.
3. Except he’s not who he says he is, pare. He’s sneeze like Chinese blood:
Ha Ching!
4. Naman, it’s like our Tagalog accent, so they won’t think we’re all airs; so much weight it means nothing naman.
5. Dude, man, pare, at the next stop we’ll make buwelta. So they can see we know how to look where we came from.
6. It’s hirap kaya to find a connection. Who ba’spuwede to be our guide?
7. Dude, man, can you make this areglonaman?
8. Make it pabalot kaya in the mall. So they can’t guess what you’re thinking. That’s what I call a package deal.
REFLECTION/COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS

What did you learn from this lesson?

What part of the lesson did you find difficult to understand

Prepared by:

ROSALINDA L. LATO
Subject-teacher