METEOROLOGY

AND
OCEANOGRAPHY 1
Topic 2:
Shipborne Meteorological Instruments:
Thermometer
 At the end of the topic, the
students should be able to:

1. Describes the purpose of

thermometer.
 At the end of the topic, the
students should be able to:

2. Describes the thermometer scales

(Degree CorDegree F).
 At the end of the topic, the
students should be able to:

3. Reads the temperature from a

thermometer.
 Thermometer

AThermometer is a tool that

measurestemperature—how hot or cold something
is.Thermometersare used to see if you have a
fever or tell you how cold it is outside. Made up of
thermo (heat) and meter (measuring device), the
meaning of the wordthermometer is pretty
straightforward.

Purpose of the Thermometer?

Athermometer is an instrument
that measures temperature. It can
measure the temperature of a
solid such as food, a liquid such
as water, or a gas such as air.
The Three most common units of
measurement for temperature are
Celsius, Fahrenheit, and kelvin.
 The Celsius scale is part of the
metric system.
Celsius

Celsiusis a measurement of temperature in

which 0 degrees represents the freezing point of
water, and 100 degrees represents water's
boiling point at the standard atmosphere, which
is themean barometric pressure at themean sea
level. This temperature scale was developed by
Swedish astronomer AndresCelsiusin 1742.

Celsius temperature scale

Celsius temperature scale also called

centigrade temperature scale, is
thescalebased on 0 for the freezing
point of water and 100 for the boiling
point of water. ... Such ascalehas as its
zero point absolute zero, the
theoretical temperatureat which the
molecules of a substance have the
lowest energy.
Temperature Scales
 Fahrenheit

The degree Fahrenheit ( oF) is the

unit of temperature used by most
people in the United States in
describing weather. ... A
temperature of 0oFcorresponds to
 approximately +255.37 degrees
on the absolute Kelvin
temperature scale.
Fahrenheit

Fahrenheit is a temperaturescale that bases

the boiling point of water at 212 and the
freezing point at 32. It was developed by Daniel
GabrielFahrenheit, a German-born scientist
who lived and worked primarily in the
Netherlands. Today, the scale is used primarily
in the United States and some Caribbean
countries.
 Kelvin

The kelvin is the base unit of

temperature in the International
System of Units, having the unit
symbol K.
 One Kelvin

One kelvinis equal to a change in the

thermodynamic temperature T that results
in a change of thermal energy kTby 1.380
649×10−23 J. The Kelvin scale fulfills
Thomson's requirements as an absolute
thermodynamic temperature scale. It
uses absolute zero as its null point.
Function of thermometer in
laboratory
Alaboratory thermometeris a tool used
inlaboratoriesto measure temperature with
high accuracy. It can be partially or fully
immersed in the substance being measured.
Alaboratory thermometeris recognizable by its
long stem with a silver bulb at the end.

Uses of thermometer
- To measure body temperature when someone is ill to determine if
he/she has a fever.

- To measure the temperature of an oven.

- To measure the temperature of meat after it is cooked to make sure
that it is warm enough to have killed off bacteria and, therefore, safe to
consume.

- To measure the temperature of a pool.

Uses of thermometer
- To measure the outdoor temperature.

- To measure temperature of sugar when making candy. This is of

utmost importance because, if the sugar becomes too warm, then it
can burn and will not crystallize.
 - To measure the temperature of an incubator for a premature infant or
for growing bacterial specimens in the lab.

Formulas in converting temperature

Celsius to Fahrenheit ° F = 9/5 ( ° C) + 32

Kelvin to Fahrenheit ° F = 9/5 (K -273) +
32
Fahrenheit to Celsius ° C = 5/9 (° F -32)
Celsius to Kelvin K = ° C + 273
Kelvin to Celsius ° C = K -273
Types of Temperature Scales

1.Fahrenheit Scale
2.Celsius Scale
 3.Kelvin Scale
4.Rankine Scale
Most thermometers have two temperature
scales:

Fahrenheit andCelsius. Both

scales are divided in two-
degree increments. When you
read the temperature on a
thermometer, it should be
vertical and your eyes should
be level with the top of the
liquid in the glass tube.