Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.

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Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 2
Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 3
Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 4
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Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 5
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 Phase I Application of x and R Charts
• Eqns 6.4 and 6.5 are trial control limits
– Determined from m initial samples
• Typically 20-25 subgroups of size n between 3 and 5
– Any out-of-control points should be examined for assignable causes
• If assignable causes are found, discard points from calculations and
revise the trial control limits
• Continue examination until all points plot in control
• Adopt resulting trial control limits for use
• If no assignable cause is found, there are two options
1. Eliminate point as if an assignable cause were found and revise limits
2. Retain point and consider limits appropriate for control
– If there are many out-of-control points they should be examined for
patterns that may identify underlying process problems

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 6

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 Example 6.1 The Hard Bake Process

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 7

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 Example 6.1 The Hard Bake Process

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 8

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Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 9
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Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 10
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Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 11
Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
 Phase I Application of x and R Charts
• Eqns 6.4 and 6.5 are trial control limits
– Determined from m initial samples
• Typically 20-25 subgroups of size n between 3 and 5
– Any out-of-control points should be examined for assignable causes
• If assignable causes are found, discard points from calculations and
revise the trial control limits
• Continue examination until all points plot in control
• Adopt resulting trial control limits for use
• If no assignable cause is found, there are two options
1. Eliminate point as if an assignable cause were found and revise limits
2. Retain point and consider limits appropriate for control
– If there are many out-of-control points they should be examined for
patterns that may identify underlying process problems

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 12

Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 13
Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 14
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Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 15
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 Control vs. Specification Limits
• Control limits are derived
from natural process
variability, or the natural
tolerance limits of a process

• Specification limits are

determined externally, for
example by customers or
designers

• There is no mathematical or
statistical relationship
between the control limits
and the specification limits

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 16

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Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 17
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 Development of the control limits:

Thius produces the control limits in equation (6.27)

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 18

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 This produces the control limits in equation (6.28)

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 19

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Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 20
Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 21
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Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 22
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Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 24
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Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 25
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• Minitab

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• One row of column

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 31

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• One column

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 32

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 Xbar-R Chart of Value
1.80 1
UCL=1.7411
1.65
Sample Mean

__
1.50 X=1.4930

1.35

LCL=1.2449
1.20
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28
Sample

UCL=0.909
0.8
Sample Range

0.6
_
0.4 R=0.430

0.2

0.0 LCL=0
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28
Sample

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 33

Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Minitab-individual chart

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 34

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Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 35
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 I-MR Chart of Value

2.00 UCL=2.037
5
Individual Value

1.75
_
1.50 X=1.493
2

1.25

1.00 3
LCL=0.949
1 16 31 46 61 76 91 106 121 136
Observation

1
UCL=0.6681
0.60
Moving Range

0.45

0.30
__
MR=0.2045
0.15
2

0.00 2 2 LCL=0
1 16 31 46 61 76 91 106 121 136
Observation

Chapter 6 Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. 36

Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.