'.

:~~
SE(;TION 5
Mechanical Standards TEMA Class "R" Heat Exchangers
I
I
R-2 TUSES ~,

i:
R-2.1 TUBE LENGiH l'

. r
The fQi!c),iling tube lengths fer beth straight and U·tube exchangers. shall be considereq
as stand:¡rd: 8, la. 12. 16. ar.d 20 feet. O~her fengths may be used; even lengths ar~:
preferred. See also paragraph N·1.12.
R-2.2 TUBE OlAMETER5 ANO GAGES
R-2.21 .3 ·u.,s TU3E5
Tab!e R·2.21 lists standard tube diameters and gages for bare ti.Jbes of copper41
steel, and al:oy ..
JABle R-2.21

STANO';RO B.4RE TUBE DIAMHERS ANO GAGES

e;'1d
--II . ---
G.109
12
18
16 1 l
0.083
0.055
14
0.033
14
0.109
(Min. 15
0.134-
0.18914
12
0.033
0.065
0.189
0.134
0.:33
0.10918
12
0.0:+9
16
18
l~
1';'
16
0.134
0.083
0:J4912
0.065
10
-10
Copper Ailoys
12Otnches
4!
a.VI.G.
0.109
14
'J.13+
0.C65Inehes
B.W.G.
16
Thd;;'1ess
Thickness
0.049
(Avg.
B.W.G.
'Nall)
Wail)
Inches JI.lummum
and Afumínt,;m AlloY3
Other Alloys
-
Carbon Steel, "

Na,es: 1. rube ciameters and gages in ocld fJce are preferred.

2. Average walf tubes of heavier gage may be used in place of mínimum wall tubes.
provided the wall thickness is not less {han specified.
3. Characteristics of tubing are shown in Table 0·7. Page 187.

22 • sr ANDARDS OF rtJ3ULAR EXCHANGER ?-,IANUF ACrUrtERS .;'S$OCIA TION

 SECTION 5
Mechanical Standards TE:r..1A Class "Ro Reat Exchangers

ruSES- (Continued)
R-2.22 CIRCUMFERENTlAll y -FINNED TUBES
The nominal fin diameíer shall be the same as the 0.0. of the unfinned end. The
diameter over 1he jlns will not norrnally exceed the dlameter of the unjinned ~ec-
tion to Insure that fin tubes are interchangeable with standard bare tubes. Specífied
wall shall be based on the thlckness at the root diameter.
R-2.3 U.TUSES

R-2.31 NONUNIFORM THICKNESS SENDS

When U-benos cre formed, as is customary, in sueh away as to thin the tube
wall at the outer radius of t he bend, the minimum tube wall thiekness in the
bent portion before bending shall be:

to = ti [1 + :~ J
where to = Original tube wall thiekness, inehes.
ti = Minimum tubewall thickness calculated by Code rules tor a straight
tube subjeeted to the same pressure and metal temperature, inches_
do Outside tube diameter, inehes.
R Mean radius of bend, ¡nehes.
When thinning ot the bends cannot be tolerated because of corrosion, and the pur-
chaser so st2tes, then the ¡nner t\'\'o rows of U-tubes shall have tubes with a wall
two gages heavier. O~al·gage tubes may be use.d. "
When U·bends are formedfrom tube materials which are relatively nonwork hard-
ening and of suitable temper, tube wall thinning in the shortest bends should not
exceed .a nominal 17% of original tube wall thickness.
U-bends tormed from tube rT}aterials having low ductility, or materials which are
susceptible to work-hardening, may require special consideration. Also refer to Par.
R-2.33.
R-2.32 BENO SPACING
R-2.321 CENTER-TO-CENTER OIMENSION
The eenter-to-center dímensions between parallel legs 01 U·tubes shall be
such 1hat they may be inserted into the baffle assembly without damage to
the tubes.
R-2.322 SENO INTERFERENCE
The assembly of bends shall be of workmanlike zppearance. Metal-to-metal
contact between bends in the same plane shall not be permitted.
R-2.33 HEAT TREATMENT
Cold work in torming U·bends may induce embríttlement or susceptibility to stress
corres ion in certain materials and/or enviro-nments. Heat treatment to alleviate
such conditions may be performed by agreement behveen manufacturer and pur-
chaser. It is generally considered not practica! to heat treat austenitic stainless
stee! tubes.

'ANDARDS OF TUBULAR EXCHANGER MANUF ACTURERS ASSOCIA TrON • 23

SECTION 5
Mechaniccl Standards TElv'IA Class "R" 1-IeotExchangefs

R-2 7UBES- (Continued)

R"2.4 TUBE PATT1:RN
Standard tube patterns are shown in Figure R·2.4.

fIGURE R.2.4

/'

&u -r (iangular
~t~
Rotated
Triangular
~H
Square .'
Rotated
.~
,.g

Square

Note: Flcw arrows are normal to the baffle cut edge.

R"2.41 SQUARE PATTERN

When tubes are laid out on él square or rotated square pitch, tube lanes shail be
continucus throughout the bundle ..
R":2.42 TRIANGULAR PATTERN
Triangular or rot3ted triangular pattern shou!d not be used when the shei¡ side is
to be c:eaned mechanically.
R-2.5 tus!: PITC}f
Tubes shall be s03ced 'Nith a mínimum center·to-center distance oi 1.25 times tne outside
diameter oi the t~be. When tubes are on a square pitch. a mínimum c1eaning lane of % 'J
shall be provic!ed.
R"2.6 TUSE LAYOUT
The tube layout is. ta be slJch as ta m inimize by-passing around the tu be bundle.

24 • sr ANDA2DS OF ruaULAR EXCHANGZR M.'\NUF ACTURERS ASSOCLA TrON

 SECTION 5
Mechanical Standards TEMA Class "R" Heat Exchange:s

SHELLS ANO SHElL COVERS

.-3.1 SHELlS
R-3.11 SHELL DIAMETERS
It shall be ¡eft to the discretion of each manufacturer to establish a system of
stanOc,rd sheil Olameters wít~¡n the TEfv1A fvlechanical Standards in order 10 aeniE:ve
the econor.lies peculiar to his individual design and manufacturing facilities. í-.Jothir"5
in the ¡El::"', S:¿nCérds sha:1 be construed as a limitation on tne minimu", C'
maximum shell dlameters,
R-3.12 TOLERANCES
R-3.121 PIPE SHEL.lS
The inside diameter of pipe shells shall be in accordance wiíh applícatle
AS-;-f,~ ,American ~ociety ter Testl'lg anG Materials) pipe s';:>ecdical,o:l:',
R-3.122 PLATE SHELLS
The ins:de diameíerof any plate shell shall not Úceed ine desi§n i!l~,:ic:
dlameter by more than· Í¡3 ti as determined by circumferentlal measurement.
R-3.13 MINIMUM THICKNESS OF SHEllS
Shell thickness is determined by tne Code design formulas, prus corrosien allowancE:.
but in no case shall the nominal thickness oí shells be less than that shovm
in -rabie R·s,13. The nominal total thickness for dad er lined shells shaii be the
sarn.e as for carbon steel plate shells.

TABlE R-3.13
'. ,r
MINIMUM SHELL THICKNESS

.
Nominal Shell Dia.
Pipe
. 1/2"
1/8"- -
7/16"
1/4"
3/8"
3/16"
Plate
5/16"
Carbon Sch.30
3/8"
Steel
Mínimum Thíckness Alloy"

t
, 12" lnc.

" Schedl!le 5S permissible for 8" shell diameter .

• R-3.2 SHELL COVER THICKNESS
Nominal thickness of shell caver heads shall be at least equal to the thickness of the snell
as shewn in Table R·3.13,

R-3.3 SHEll EXPANSION AND CONTRACTIOt..!

Where fixed tL'besheet construction is used and the temperature ditferential betwE:en lubes
and shell, uncje~ the most adverse o¡:,erating condition specified by the purchaser. includ:r.g
startt.:p, shutdown, and upset cond:tio!')s, ".111 result in overloading elther sheli er tubes, s~it·
óbie provlsion shall be made lor this expa~sion or contraction,
R-3.3l ~Knl ANO TU5E lONGI"lUOfNt.L STRESSES
Shell and tt.:be stresses, which depend upon the effective pressures de1ermined by
póragraphs R·7.151 through R·7.155, Sh211 be calculated by the foliowmg paré:-
graphs, A condition of overstress shall be pfesl!med to exist when either shell ol'
1ube stress so ca!culaled exceeds the allewable Cede 1ensile stress fer the matE:riál
at design temiJerature.

5r ;:.!.JD13DS OF TUBULAR EXCHANGER MAHUF ACTURERS ASSOCIJI. TION • 25

SECTION 5
Mechc:nical Standards TEMA Class "R" Reat Exchangers

R-3 SHELLS AND SHEL1. COV~RS- (Continuecl)

R·3.311 SHELL LONGlTUDINAL STRESS
The effective longitudinal shell stress is given by:

S = (00 - t,)P,*
, 4t.
where

or P,* =- Pd/2 whichever has the greatest

absolute value
or P/
P.* = p¡ /2- Pd)/2
(P, }
p¡ = (Pt - Pt' + P/)

Other symbois are as defjned in paragrap:ls R-7.151, R-7.153, and R-7.154

w"ith J =::: 1, using actual shell and tubesheet thicKnesses and retaining
algebraic signs.

R·3.312 TUBE l..ONGITUD1NAl ST:tESS

The maximum effective longitudinal tube stress IS gíven by:

St = Fq P/ G 2
4Ntt (do - tt)
where

Pt= . (P2 + Pd)/2 I whichever has the greatest-

o.rPt = - (p] - Pd)/2 .>
t or Pt= . [(P2 - P3) + Pd ]/2 }
absolute value

P2 = (Pt' - ;tq Pt)

• p) == (Ps' ~ ~'q P,)

Other symbals are -as defined in paragraphs R-7.151, R-7.153, R·7.154,

and R-7.155 vllth J = 1, using actual shell and tubesheet thicknesses and
retaining algebraic signs.

t When djfferential pressure controls (Par.. R·7.155), this formula only applies.
R·3.32 TUBE J01NT AND BUCKL1NG lOADS
A concition of o'/erload shall be prescíiled tJ exist .e'/en thi1u'~~ the mi:l.<ir:lIJr:1 stress
íevels determined i.l paragraph (=<-3.31 are accep¡:able. jf the tuoes are IJnstable
as co!umns under maxímum compressive load or if, regardless of load direction,
the tuce ioint s~ear 'aad holcing capability is exceeded. F'Jr t::is pr;Jose t.'1e maxi·
rj~um tuce load is given by:
\Al - •..' F GZP'"
yi t - 2N q •

where, for tube joint Joads, P,* is the maximum absolute value defined by para-
gr3ph R-3.312 ando far tube buckling loads. is thegr23test negative 'l3;t.:e so ,je·
iined. Ott'1Br symbols are as defined in paragrapns F~·7.1S1. R-7.1S3, and ?·7.154
with J = 1.

26 • STAND.'\RDS OF TUBULAR E:<CHANGER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCrA TrON

r
,

SECTION 5
Mechanical Standards TEi\fP.. Class "R" Heat Exchangers

1- trAfFLES ANO SUPPORT PLATES

R-4.1 TYPE OF TRANSVERSE 6AFfLES

The segmental type 01 baffle or tube SUDport plate is standard. Double segmentar typ,= baffles
are permiss¡ble. 5éT.';e ClJt is defined 2S the segment openlng heíght expressed eS a percent-
age of the shei¡ inside di2meter. 8afiles shali be cut near the centerline of a row 01 tubes,
ot a pass lane:; cr 01 a tune lane when square pé:ttern is used. or outside tile tUGe pattern.
t2ftles sr.;:!; r',2\if a finIS!¡ cf 2Se RMS or :Jetter o:: thE o~tside diameter anc bafflE: CUt
ecgc. St¿ndard D2;:ie cut is ílíustrated in Figure R-4.1.

FIGURE R-4.1

BAFFLE CUT

Horizontal Vertical Rotated

R-4.2 TUBE HOt::S /

Where the máximum unsupported tube length is 36 ¡nehes or less, standard tube hoies are
drilied ~·bu over the 0.0. of the tubes. For unsupported tube lengths greater than 36 ¡ncr;e~,
standard tube holss are drjlled %/1 ayer the 0.0. of the tu be:=::.For pu!s2ting conditions
tu be hales may bó: drilled smaller tf1an standard. Any burrs shaíl be removed 2nd the tu be
ha/es given a workmanlike finish.
~·4.3 TRANSVERSE BAFFLE ANO SUPPORT CLEARANCE
The transverse béf,ie and support plate elearanee shall be sueh that the difference between
the sh¡;!1 design ínside diameter and the outside diameter cf the baffle shar! not exceed that
indieated in Table R-4.3. However, where sueh elearance has no signifie;:;nt effect o;; shell
side heat transfer eoefficient or mean temperature difference, these maximum clearanees may
be inereased to iwice the tabufated values.

TABLE R-4.3

STANDARD CROSS BAFFLE AND SUPPORT PLATE ClEARANCES

5~" 0.150"
énd over
G.~~~!:,
,.
0.175" I I Minus0.125"
0.225"
Ba7fie 0.0.

1
18"
40"
14" ·23"
24" 17"
•-. 39"
54" Ine.
Inc.
Inside Diarneler _1
Nominal
0.100"
Shell
i
I1 Des;f'n J.O. of Shelf
1
S" - 13" lne.

The desien insic:; ó;;;;:r:eter of a pipe shell i5 defj:"led as the nOr.1!nól outsjde d¡2nleter cf thi:::
pipe. minU5 twiee the nominal wall thíckness. The desígn inside djameter of ;) plate shei!
is the specified ins.ide diameter .

.-rJ..NDARDS OF TUBULAR EXCHANGER MkNUfACTURERS ASSOC!ATION " 27

,..
SECTION 5
Mechanic:rl Stc:~da!ds TElVIA Class \\R" Heat Exchang9Ts

R-4 BAFFUS .AND SUPPORT PtATES- (Continued)

R-4.4 TH1CKNES5 OF BAHUS ANO SUPPORT PLATES
R-4.41 TRANSVERSE BAHLES ANO SUPPORT ?lATES
Tabie R·4.41 shows tila minimum tr,ickness of transverS2 baffles and support platas
a;Jplyin:;:;to all mataríaIs for various shell ::iar.;eters a:-:d pJ;:lte spacings.

TABLE R-4.41

l
BAFflE OR SUPPORT PLATE THICKNESS

- 5/8
3/3
5/3 3/8
Over12"
1/2 to
18"t1/2
3n"
1/4
3/8
Over
3/16
3/8
1/4 ¡ne.
o3/8
30"
5/ló
24" 5/8
Over
1/2
3 /8lne.
1
fne.
18" 1/4
24"1/8
3íl6
or :'2 c:stance
1/4 Distanee bstweEmbetween
adjacent fulf supports plates
segmental
Plate Thickness-Inches
u 11 Over 1 12" ¡
Sh,,!I

R-4.42 LONGITUDINAL BAFFl.E5

Longitudinal baffles shall ~ave a minimum total meta! thickness of % 11.

R-4.43 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS

Sp8cial consideratian must be given to baffles and SUDPort plates subjected to
pulsations, to baffles and support plates engaging finned tubes, and to longitudina!
baffles subjected to large differentíal press'Jres due to high shell side ¡¡uic pr2s3ure
<;lrop.
R-4.5 SPACING 01= BAFf!.ES ANO SUPPORT PLAUS
R-4.51 MINIMlJM SPACING
S2gmental b3Hles shall not be spaced closer than ~/5 of t;~2 s~eii LO., 0"- 2 ~1--:G;¡eS,
whichever is greater.
R-4.52 MAXIMUM SPACING
Tube support p!ates shall be sospaced that the unsupported tube length does not
exceed the value indicated in Table R·4.52 for the tL:02 material used.

28 • S1ANDARDS OF TU3ULAa EXCH.;;'NGER M.~NUF ACTURERS ASSOCIA TION

 SECTION 5
lVÍecnanica] Stanclards TEMA Class '''R'I Heat Exchanoers
. -'

BAFFlES ANO SUPPORT PLATE5-CContinued}

TAatE 1<-4.52

MAXIMUM UNSUPPORTED STRAIGHT lUBE LENGTH

Lo>'.'Alloy Tube fl.ateriais and Temperature Ltmlts

Steel (OF)
1~í4
I Carbon ex Hígh
Allowable
at Code
Aluminum
Copoer & & Alloy
125
100
608&
Temperature
Maximum
Copper
Maximun-, Steel
(1000)
( 850)
750)
74 1'.1I0ys
Aluminum 600)
Unsupported110
64
52
76
87 Spen-,nches
Ailoys 1
hromium-!ron
opper
0.0.

Notes: Above the metal temperature limits shown, maximum spans shali be reduced in di-
rect proportion to the fourth root of the ratio of e!astic modulus at temperature to
elastic modulus at tabulated ¡imit temperature. In the case of circumferentia!ly finned
tubes, the tube O.D.shalí be the diameter at 'the root of the fins and the corres-
ponding tabu!ated or interpolated span shall be reduced in direct proportion to the
fourth root of the ratio of the weight per unít length of the tube, if stripped of fins
to that of the actual finned tube.

R·4.53 BAFFLE SPACING

8affles normally shall be spaced uniformly, spanning the effective tube length. When
1his is oot possible, the baffles nearest the ends of the shell, andjcr tubesheets,
shall be locoted as close as practical to the shell nozzies. The remainíng baTIles
normally shall be spaced uniformly ..
R·4.S4 U·TUB~ REAR SUPPORT
The sup;:lort plates or ba7ffes adjacent to the benc!s in U·tube exchangers shall be
so focated that. for any individual bend, the sum oí the bend diameter plus the
straight lengths measured along both legs from supports to bend tangents daes
not exceed the maximum unsupported span determined from para¿raph R-4.52.
Where b:.Jndle ciameter prevents cor.:pliance, speciél prov¡sio;¡~ i;: ébc;:io:1 to :1,,,,
above shall be made ter support ofthe U-.bends.
R·4.55 SPECfAL CASES
When pulsating conditiaos are specified by the purchaser, unsupported spans shcd~ .
be as short as pressure drop restrictions permit. If the span under these circum·
stancéS approaches the maximum permitted by paragraph R-4.52, considerat:on
should be given to alternative flow arrangements which would permit shorter spans
under the same pressure drop restrictions.
R·4.56 TUEE BUNDLE VISRATlON
Fiow indusec or c:he, dam2:[ing wbe bunc!!e v¡bratlons may be encountereci beC2use
of the infinite combinations of geometries reiated to unsupported tube span, tu be
arrangement, material s, size, and flow rates used in heat exch;:lnger designo Existing
quantitative data are inadequate to ensure that designs will be vibratían free.

ST}.NDARDS OF TUBULAR EXCHANGER MAHUF ACTURERS ASSOCIATION • 2S:

 ~
Standards TEMA Class "R" Heat Exchangers

1-4 BAff1.E5 AND SUP?ORT PLATE5-(Continued)

R-4.6 lMPINGEMENT BAFfI.:::S
R-4.61 SHE1.L SIDE
R-4.611 lM?INGEMENT PROTECTlON REQUIREMENT5
An i.mping~ment p!ate,. or oth~( me3~s to protect ~he tu~e bund¡~. ag3inst
Impmgln~ ~I'..:!ds, sr.3il se pro'l:ded \'men ':nt;3nce Lroe V3ices f)f 1'1/- ?xc::ec:
the following: noncorros;\I9. nonabrasive, single phase fluids. 1500;
al! other iiquids. including a ¡iquid at its boiling point. 500. For all other
gases and vapors, includin;; all nominaliy saturated vapors. and for ¡íquid
vapor mixtures, impingement protection is required. V is the linear velocity
of the fluid in íeet per second and p is its density in pounds per cubic foot.
R-4.612 nU~":DLE El'"iTRAl'--iCE At~D !XJT AREAS
In no case shall the total bundle entrance or exit area produce a vaiue
of pV~ in excess ot 4000, where V is the linear velocity 01 the fluid in fest
per secand, and p is its den5ity in pounds per cubic foot. For pu~po.5es of
ca:culating the total bundle entrance orexit area, the actual flo'll 2.r2a
¡nto or out of the bundle bet'l·¡een the tubes. based Oi"i the projected C.-JSS
sectional flow area of the nozzle or dome andjor the actual ur:restricted
radial flow area from under the nozzle or dome, measured beN/san the
tuba bundle díameter and the shell insids diameter may be considered.
In the caS2 of exchangers where vaporization oecurs. speciai atten:ion sha!l
be given to provisian tor ample exit area.
R-4.62 ¡USE 51DE
_ When it is necessary to use an axial inlet nozzle, or when ¡iquid '/elccity in the
tubes exceeds 10 feet per secand, consiqeration shall be given to the nsed for
special devices to p[event flujd maldistribution or erosion of tne tuce ends.
R-4.7 TIE RODS ANO SPAC~RS
Tie rods and spacers, or other equivalent means of tying the baffle system together. shail
be pro'lided to retain all transverse banles and tube support olates securely in position. Tie
rods and spacers should be of a material similar to tnat of the baffles.
R-4.71 NUMBER ANO SIU o¡: TlE ROOS
Tab!e R-4.71 shows suggested tie rod COl1nt and diameter tor varioL.:s sizes of heat
exchangers. Other combinations of tie rod numb9r ar~d diameter with equivalent metal
area are permissible; however, no fewer than four tie rods, and no diar.1eter less than
fÉ 11 shall be used.
TABlE R-4.71

TIE ROO STANDARDS

648TíeDidmeter
34"
2S" ·48"
49" -and
73/2
Ine. 16" - 27" ¡ne.
Diameter
33" oyer
8" - 15" Shell
¡ne.
Nominal
I 10
Tie Rods
Number of
1,11
Rod313fa"
"
1/2"
1/211
I Mínimum

R-4.8 5EA1.ING DEVIC~S

Suitable means. in additíon to the baffles, shail be installed wh~n necessar¡ te orevent
excessive fluid by·passing around or threugh the tube bundie. Seaiíng devices inay be seal
strips, tie roas wlth spacers. dummy tubes. or combinations of these.

30 • sr A.NDARDS OF TU3ULAR EXCHANGER :MANUF ACTllRE:aS ASSOCIA TION

"
SECTION 5
Mechanical Standards TEIv'í.JI •. Class HR" Heat Exchangers

ROATlNG HEAOS
a-s. 1 INTERNA!. FLOATlNG HEAOS (Types S and T)

R-5.11 MINIMUM INSIDE DEPTH OF FLOATING HEAD COVERS

For rnuJtipass floating head covers the inside depth shall be such that the mínimum
cross-over area for flow between successive tube passes is at least equal to 1.3
times the íioV.' ért:é through t~i2 tU:Jes oÍ one pass. for singie pcss fioaring head
covers the depth at nozzle centerline shall be a minimum of one·third the inside
diameter of the nozzle.
R-S.12 POSTWElD HEA T TREA TMENT
Fabricated carban steel floating head covers shall be postweld heat treated after
completion of welding. Minor modlfications as permitted by the Code may be
made without further heat treatment.
R-5.13 fLOATING HEAD BACKING DEVICES
The material of construction for spiit rings or other internal floating head backing
devices shall be equivalent in corrosíon resistance to the material used for the
shell interior. They shaU be furnished without any ailowance tor corrosion.
R-5.131 INTERNAl BOLTING
The lT.aterials of construction tor internal bolting tor floating heads shall
be suitable for the mechanicél design and similar in corrosion resistance
to the materials used for the shell interior.
R-S.14 . TUSE BUNDLE SUPPORTS
A partial support plate, or other suitable means, shall be provided to support the
floating head end of the tube bundle. !f a plate ís used, the thickness shall equ21
or exceed the support plate thickness specified in Table R-4.41 for spacings over 30".
R-5.1 S fLOATING HEAD NOZZLES'
The floating head nozzle and packing box for a single pass exchanger shall comply
with the requirements of paragraphs R-5.21,R-5.22, and R-5.23.
R-S.16 PASS PARTIT!ON PL~TES
The nominal thickness of floating head pass partítions, including corros ion allowance,
shall be identical to those shown in paragraph R·8.131 for channeIs and bonnets.
R~S.2 OUTSIDE PACKED FlOATlNG HEADS (Type P)
R-S.21 PACKED FLOATlNG HEADS
The cylindrical surface of packed floating head tubesheets and skirts, where in
contact with packing (including ailowance for expansion), shall be given afine
machine finish equivalent to 63 RMS (or 70 AA) .

TANDARDS OF TUBULAR EXCHANGER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION • 31

SECTION 5
!Yrechc:nical Standards TEIvIAClass "R" Heat Exchangers

Rw5 rLOATING HEADS-{ Continued}

R-5.22 PACKING BOXES
A machine finish Sh3!1 be used on the shell or packing box where the float:n5 tube
sheet or nozzle passes through. Ir braided asbestos packing ís used. thrse ring
of packing shall be used for 150 psi working pressure and four rin~s shal! ce use.:
lar -3JO psi '/icr~:í1g p(:;53ur~. rQr pr2S3ures :es3 than l50 psi. t-3fTpcr3t'..l(::s Jeiov
3000 F, and nonhazardous service. fewer rings of packing may be used. Figun
R·5.22 and Table R-5.22 ShON typical details and dimensions of p3cking toxes.

fiGURE R-5.22

;;:;:¿;~::;:;;i
/'0~0 r
I
'~~'.~~~>~~.'<.'~
~~~~~
~"::\"-.~><,~~ ~~.
;im//;;:;:~ .:L ,'~~~~~;~~~~
u

m
ff$f#0~' / /~
/

'/~'i//(»0
~~~.V/Z~"
~~~\~~,
W~~~""~~~
//I/32"\¿
~ ..
~ -:. 0"'" I ·~'~\.l~""~""~l
"~8_~";.I~1 so ?SI CLAS
~"'2~~;oo,;'CCA" s

m;%0.;;;;.)
~W;»:/~~/·;,,//< .. '~~~~~~>~~;01~.~~~~<~
L..-
///~//);;:><,)//<'l'>:1''/~l r! t t-~' ¡\ ~:.~,~~,<0~:,
o ~ ~~~~

Ih ~
,f----T
.%,;;'
1/32" M
I
/4--]
3"
,
Ad'//I//'//i/'~(~"¡U'\'////r
ij ,
¡
1/3 2"~OF AOTHER
PACKINGS
VI
X. SUITABLE
DES!GN BASED ON 3/8' SQUARE BRAIDED MATERIALS AND DIMENSIONS
ASBESTOS PACKING, MAY BE: USED

TABLE R-5.22

TYPICAL D1MENS10NS FOR PACKED FLOAT1NG HEADS

150 PSI ANO 300 PSI CLASS 600'l" MAX. TEMP.
(AII dimensions in inches)
Bolts
III
1.
I ,
II
s.C.
Size T22
1%
%111.~
24
5/8 %110
11
1%12
214%
r-.,I 121/28%4%
25~1a
1918
151¡á
A
183/8
28Va 15
19
10
13
0121
46
17
8
13~'á
217'%
6%
16% 122~3 ;
17%
15~8
2n~
19%
23
23~B
~11
11/., 1
13~B
21/2
201/::- 0~B 1 .•.. NeJ.
B
!I

32 • STANDARDS OF TUBULAll EXCHANGER MANUF ACTURERS ASSOCL~ TrON

 SEcrION 5
Mechanical Stanciards TEI\1F •. Class \ORo Heat Exchangers

lA TING HEADS- {Continued}

R-5.23 PACKING MATERIAL
Purchéssr shail specify packlng méterial which is c::lmpatible with the shell fluid.
R-5.24 FLOATlNG TUBESHEET SKIR.
The ílo2:,ng tl.1besheet skirt norrnally shall extend outward. When the skirt must
extend ¡"Nard. then a suitabie me:hod shall be used to preverlt stagnant é:lr€3S
betweE:'1 :nf; ShE:¡ siot:: nozzle ane the tubeshee1.

R-5.25 PASS PARTITION PlATE$

The nom::lal thickness of floating head pass partitions, includíng corrosion al¡owance,
shall be tdentical to those shown in paragraph R-8.131 for channels and bonnets.
5.3 PACKED lANTERbI RING FLOATlNG HEAO (Type W)
The packed lantern ring type floating head shall be used only for water, steam, air. lubricating
oil, or similar services. Design temperature shall not exceed 375°F. Design pressure st;¡;;1j
no', excee::l ::'00 ;:::s: ~C~ €xchangers up to 2.1" in diameier, nor 15C psi fer €xché:r.gsrs ~~C~:~
.24" to 42" in diarr,é:ter .

.'
..

DARDS OF TUBULF.R EXCHANGER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION el 33

r~ECTION 5
¡ Mechanical
f
Standards TE!v1.l\ Class "R" Heat Exchangers '
~
~
R-6 GASKETS
R-ó.l TYPE OF GASKETS
Gaskets shall be made in one piece. This shall not exclude gaskets made integral by welding.
R-ó.2 GASKET MATERIALS
Metal j3cketed or salid metal g3skets shal¡ be used for inter;lal floating lle3d joints, ali
joints far pressures or 300 psi and o'/er, and ror ali joints In contact wlth hydrccarboíls.
Othergasket materials may be specified by agreement between purchaser and manufacturer
to meet special service conditions and flange designo When two gasketed joints are com-
pressed by the same bolting, gasket m aterials and areas shal! be selected so that both
gaskets seal, but neither gasket is crushed at the required bolt load.
R-6.3 PERiFHExAL GASKETS
The minimum width of peripheral ring gaskets for external joints shall be %" for shell sizes
through 23" nominaldiameter and %" far alllarger shell sizes.
R-6.4 PASS PARTlTION GASXETS
The width of gasket web for pass partitions af channels, bOilnets, and floating heads shalf
be nat less than VI" far shell sizes th rough 2311 nominal diameter and nat less than % f/
for all larger shell sizes.
R.-6.5 GASK!T JOINT OlETAI1.5
Gas~eted joints shall be of a confined type.
Figure R-6.5 shows typical details of canfined gasketed joints.
FIGURe ll-ó.5

~,,-.;~'+

Confined Gasket

34 • STANDARDS OF TUBULAR EXCI-L\NGER ¡,fANUFACTURERS ASSOCL\TION

 SECTION 5
l'vlech anl.CG:.
Ir . 1 S tanaara.s _r:._'lr...
l' r. n C'iass
' · T•..... ...l 11 H eat '~h
"'D t..xc~c:nger::.~

TUBESHEETS
R-7.1 iUEESHEIT THICKNE5S

f::.·7.11 EFHCTlYE TUBESHEET THICKNESS

The efÚ"ctive tubesheet thickness shail be the thickness measureci 2t the bottoií:
of the pass p2~i¡(lo;-¡ groovE minus shell side corros ion allowance 2nd corrosion
ailowance on the tube side in excess of the groove deDth.
R-7. i11 APPI.IEú TUBESHEET FACINGS
The thickness cf applJed facing material shall not be :ncluded in the
minimum or effective tubesheet thickness.
R-7.1 12 INTEGRAL.l '( CLAD TUBESHEETS
The tnickness of cladding fTiéterial in integr211y clad prates and c!addins
deposited by welding may be incruded in the effective tubesheet thickness
except as limíted by the Codeo
R-7.12 REQUIRW EFFECnVE TUBESHEH THICKNESS
The required effective tubesheet thickness for any type of heat exchanger shali t:e
determined from the foilovving paragraphs, for both tube side and shel! side cor.-
ditions, using whichever thic kness ís greatest.'
R-7.121 • MINIMUM TUBESHEET THICKNESS
In no case Sh21l the total thickness minus corrosion allowance of cny tube-
sheet be less than ,the outside diameter of the tubes.

R-7.122 l'UBESHEET FORMULA-BENOING

T - ir
-T\fT
FG

where T = Effe'ctíve thickness of tubesheet, inches.

S = Code allowable working stress, in tension, for tubesheet ma-
terial at óesign temperature used, psi_
P = Hydrostatíc design pressL!re, psi, shen side 01' tube s:de.
except as modified by paragraphs R-7.153, R-7.154. R·7 155,
and R-7.16L
F and G are defined in subsequent paragraphs.

,., ~
STANDARDS OF TUBULI ...R EXCHANGER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATIO~~ c;. .;¡.::J
r SECTION 5
Mechanical Standards TElYLZ\Class "R" .t1ea
....,. t :wxc
1:' hangers

R-7 TUBESHHTS- {Contjnued)

R-7.12J TUSESHEET FORMULA-SHEAR

, T = 7\ ~.~~ ~~)-
P (~)
where T = Effeetive thiel<.ness af tubesheet. ¡nenes.

Dl = 4 A/C = Equivalent diameter of tube eenter limit perimeter,

inches.
C = Perimeter 01 tube layout measured stepwise in increms"1ts of
one tube oitch from center-to-centcr 01 the outermost tubes,
inches. F¡'gure R·7.123 shows the application to typical tri·
angular and square tube pit::;h layouts.
A· = Total area enclosed by perimeter C, sq'Jare inehes.
do = Outside tube diameter, inches.
P . =. Tube spaeing, center-to·center, inches.
P = Hydrostatic design pressure, psi, sMel1 sic~ 01' tU:Je side.
exce~t as modified by paragrapÍls R-7.153. R-7.154. and
R~7.161.
s = Code allo'lvable working stress, in tension, far tubesheet
material at design temperature used, psi.

FIGURE R.7.123

cbo'1>
t yv ./',.'
Icb~J¿§?,
I ' í, ,.--+-..~-
I

I
U-
'1

"-u. I
J
'!,
'.
; 'Y.~
i! --1 I ,-

v, ,-,
,IGrw~
--,-T
.. '1l~c~.,.r
f1'\r!\.' :n.... 'Mi 'IV ,c¡+-.,-
~-'-o-~\.!..t-;;7'+'"
1:
, 1 ! i

~,'~~A~Qt-
~I';I'
):h': :-~; ~~.~~~~
</
I

-t':'Qi i! ¡-,' "

-r ~d)
$ I ' :
r.-, ,--. ,,,,
Ct,-~) I
..,,)
I ,I '( yI '-.,/
I '--,
I I
í

"c· (PERIMETE~) IS THE lENCTH OF HEAVY LINE.

R-7.13 GASKnEO STATIONARY TUB~SHHT ~XCHANGtRS

T1~ls ~ar3.graai1 s;"ali 3ppiy 'Nhene'/er a~2s~eted joiilt is used cetween t~e statrcnar¡
tubesheet and the adjoining pressure pan: under eonsidention ¿ven thcugh the
tubesheer m?y be integral with the otner adjoining pressur8 pan:, except as lim!ted
by p3ragrapn R·7.19.
R-7.131 STATlCNARY ANO FlOATlNG TU3ESHEH CONST ANTS
G = I.,lean diameter of gask.et at stationary tubesheet. inches.
F = 1.0

v"6 ., STANDARDS Ol? TU3\J:".;R EXCiL\NGER MANUFACTURE~S AS30CIATION

 SECTION 5
I~
vlecnanlCOJ
r; L •• StanCic:raS
' , T..... r: r: C'lass "R" .,..,.
.t._Vi!"'.•.. neo t .c.xc~
•..• h ange!'E.:
T

,7 TUBESHEErS- (Continuecl)
R-7.132 U.TUE>E STATlONARY TUBESHEEí CONSTANTS
G == Mean diameter of gasket at stationary tubesheet, ¡nehes.
F = 1.25 •
R-7.14 INTtGRAl STATIONARY TUSESHEE'T EXCKANGERS
in:s pé.:c:§"répr; S'léli 1$ ir,teUBf wn:n tns
app!y w~leneve: ~hé s,Z:lona'y lUbesheet
adjoin'ng pressure part under eonsioeration, even though the joint with the other
aojoinir.s pressure put may be gasketed. exeept as iimited by paragraph. R·l.19.
With fj):ed tubesheet exehangers. both tubesheets shall be eonsidered stationary.
R-7.141 STATlONARY TUBESHEET CONSTANTS
G = Inside diameter ot integra! pressure parto inehes.
F = Value giveñ by eurve H of Figure R-7.141 tor flozting head and fixed
tubesheet ex:::ha:lgers. cr by curve U fer U·tube exchar;?E:rs.

FIGURE R.7.141

1.00
0.04
0.03
1.25
0.02
0.01

f 1.20
0.90
1.15
O.tD
0.85
0.75
1.05
1.10
0.95
o
INHGHt TUBm·:~n
---;
!l
THICKNiSS MUlTlPLlER
, ,

CURVE U

0.05 0.06 O.C7 O.OS 0.(>9 0.10

WALL THICKNESS/I.O. RATIO FOR INTEGRf.L VESSE:L

R-7.142 FlOAífNG TUBESHEET CONSTANTS

R-7.1421 GASI{ETEO FtOA TI!'-!G. TU5ESHrET
W:THOUT EDGE BOLTlNG
G = Same as stationary tubesheet.
F = 1.0
R:'7.1422 INTEGRAL FlOATING TUEESKEET
G = Same as stationary tubesheet.
F = Value given by curve H of Figure R-7.141.

STANDARDS OF TUBULAR EXCHANGER M:ANUF ACTURERS ASSOCIA nON el 37

SECTION 5

R-7 TUBESHEETS- (Continued)

R-7.lS f¡XED TUBESHEFTS
This paragraph shatl apply te exchangers having tubesheets fixed te both ends .:}f the
Sh81l, "jílh er without a shetl expansion io:nt. except as limited by paragraph R·7.19.
80::' tubesheels in a fixed tubesheet :::xch2nger sha!1 hav~ the S3me thickneS3. When
fixea :ubeshe~t éx~ens:cns a re gJ ,3;';'8,:::d :. nd coi tec, ·':le extended portian sna: i :;e ¡n
aecordance with Code design practice. The extension and that portion of the tubesheet
ins;de the shell may diHer in thickness. Tubesheet thicknesses ea!culated by these
ru;es are adequate. It is possible. hO'Never, that shells, tubes, ar tube·to·tubesheet
jo;nts may be overstressed unless proper provision is made to aecé:lmmodate differen-
tial thermal expansion. Effective design pressures for use in paragraphs R·3.3,
R·7.122. and R·7.123 shall be detennined asfollows:
R-7.151 EQUIVALENT DIFFERENTIAL éXPANSION PRESSURE
The press~re due to differential thermal expansion. in psi, is given by:

P d -_ 4 J Es
~---_._------. t, (fYs 0, - --, Q, -S,)
(Do - 3U (1 ~ JKFq)
'(Algebraic sigo must be retained tar use in paragrapns
R-3.311, R·3.312, R·7.153, R·7.154, and R-7.15:3.)

where J. = .
l· O far she!is with expansion joints,
1.0 for sheils
. except as without expansion
limited by jOiilts
paragraph R-7.19.

K t:::Es ts (Do - t,)

.. Et tr N (d? - t.)

\, ~ 0.25 + (F -
(LJse ea!eulated
0.6) [3~\\t(~)'
value of Fq
r
or 1.0, whichever is greater.)
F & G are as defined in paragraph R·7.141.
T = Tubesheet thickness used, but not less than 98~!í % of the
greater of the v2lues defined by Par. R·7.122 or R·7.123.
(Value assumed in evaluating Fq must match tile final como
puted va!ue ,'1ithin a tolerance of -+- 1.5 percent.) See note.
l = Tube length between inner tubesheet faces, inehes.
e = Metal temperature less 70°F.
Es = El3stie mcd~!:Js of she!l ma~érial at metai ter.1perature. psi.
Et = Elastie modul~s of tube material 3t metal temperature. psi.
E = Elastic modulus of tubesheet material at metal tempera·
ture, psi.
a = Thermal expansíon coeffieient, in. per in.¡O F.
N = Number of tubes in shell.
O? = Outslde díameter of s~e'l. ¡nenes.
do = Outside diameter of tubes. ínehes.
t ::;::Wall thickness, ¡nehes.
Subseripts "s" and lit" refer to shell and tubes respectively.
Note: Tubesheets thieker than compu~~d are permissible provided neither sheli nor
tubes are overloaded. Refer paragr1ph R·3.3.

38 • ST ANDARDS OF TUB ULAR EXCHANGER NANU? ACTUnErl.S ASSOC!A nON

 SECTION 5
Mechanical Standards TEMF...Class "R" Heat Exchangers

TUBESHEETS- (Continued)
R-7.152 EQUIVALENT BOLTlNG PRESSURE
When fixed tubesheets él re extended tor bolting to heads with ring type
gaskets, the equivalent tube side and shell side pressures ar.e given by:
••

6.2 (VI:
PE,
-f'r -G'
where G
r.•., : . F
6.2 M)
PB,
Po,
Pe!
MI ---p G)

Value given by Curve H of Fig. R·7.141.

= Inside diameter 01 shell, inches.
- Total momen~ acting U¡JO:l the exterision under
operating conditions, defined by the Code as
Mo under flange design, inch·pounds.
- Total moment acting upon the extension under
bolting·up conditions. defined by the Code as
Mo under flange.design. inch·pounds.
Equivalent bolting pressure when tube pressure
is actipg. pounds per square ¡nch.
=' EqtJiva+ent bolting pressure when tube pressure
is not acting, pounds per square ¡nch.

'.

'ANDAR::)S OF TUBULAR EXCHANGER MANUF ACTURERS ASSOCIATION • 39

 \'
'í
l~
,j
SECTION 5
~
Mechanical Standards TElVIAClass "R" Heat Exchangers ..

,:[
R-7 TUBE5HEETS- (Continued) ,1
't,
i1
R-7.153 EffECTlVE SHHl SID~ DcSIGN PRESSURE 'i

The effective shell side design pressure is given by: :'1

o. (Po' - Pe) \ •. '~

, - --.-2-.- ;~
::I'j'
1;1

;~
or P = P: !jj
or P = Pa. 11:
!¡
11,;

or P =-------
(Po' - Pd
·2
- Ps,),
whichever has the greatest
absolute value. ~
l'il1,
id

¡¡¡j

or P = (Pe, -±
2
Pd) ¡1:1'

;¡l
:lr'j
or P = (Po' - Ps,)
wl1ere f~
',:
",::

'e,
lit:
"'>1

:']

P/ = p., (04) [1.5 + K (1.5 (1 + JJKFq)

+ t,) - [(~) (-g-¡,- - 1)JlJ !
j
P, = Shell side hydrostatic design pressure, psi.
,;~

f,.,."= 1 _ N' (~)2

G
G = Inside diameter of she/I, incnes.
~~
DJ = Expansion joint bellows inside diameter, inches. :i
,-~

• (DJ G when no expansion joint is present.) ~

.f1

==
~
Other symbofs are as defined under Paragraphs R-7.151 and R-7.152.
, 'j
,:1
Notes: 1. Algebraic-sign must be ret~ined for use in paragraphs R.3.311.
R-3.312, R·7.154, and R-7.155.

2. When J = 0, formulas containing Pd cannot control. 'j

3. Formulas containing the term P a. are not app!icable tor use In ".
-~
paragraph R-7.123.
4. ;,,:/ p:~ssures in p3ragraphs R-7.153. R-7.134, =:rd R-7.155 are
gauge pressures. For vacuum conditions on either shell or tube
side, the pressures should be represented by the appropriate
negative values.

ii
i!:'

40 ~ ST ANDARDS Of TLIBULAR EXCHANGER MANUF ACTURERS ASSOCIA TrON ir:

,U
t :.~
 SECTION 5
lvíechanical Standards TEIv1AClass \\R" Reaí Exchance:rs

TUBESHEETS-( Continued)
R-7.154 EfFEC:T1VE TU6E SIOE OESIGN PRESSURE
The effeetive tube side design pressure is given by:
(P¡' +
_P (P,' - Pe! + Pc)
P,' ..L.. PEf + Pd)
when P:
=
- (P¡' Po' + Ps;)
P -+ PEf)
(P:' /, when is negative.
Po' is positlve.
2 2 ( greater
Ifebsolule\'éóue,
absolute
( greá,·er
whíchever
whiehever has the
value, hasthe

Pt' ==, 11< (1 ~ .,, ¡)

<Í t..'~\JKF:)
Pt [ . -1 -' O ITI J
.

Pt = Tube side hydrostatic design pressure, psi.

ft = 1 - N [ (do~ 2tt) r
G = lnside. diameter of shell (tubesheet bo!ted to stationary
" head) or inside diameter of stationary head when integral
'with tubesheet. inehes.

Other symbols are as defined under Par. R-7:151, R-7.152, and

R·7.153.

Notes: 1. Algebraic sign .must be retained for use in paragraphs R-3.311,

R-3.312, and R·7.155.
2. When J =O
(a) Formulas containing Pd cannot control.

(b) - P = P f -Le~
'2 G
[(\_º~)1 - lJ . + P El

3. Delete the term p,,! in above formulas for use in ¡:::¡;ragraph

R·7.123.

~"rT."""T"\r.nr"'\C' r"'\!:" "'l"'-TTT:'),,.t J{"'" ••••• "l,..~'rTw ••.• ~ •••• n .••••.•..•..•...••..•••.. __ •• . _

rSEcrION 5
r Mechanical Standards TEMA Class' "R" Reat Exchangers

R-7 TU3ESHEETS- (Continued)

. R-7.155 HHCTIVE OIHERENTIAL D':SIGN PRESSURE
Under certain circumstances the Code and other regulatorj bodies permit
l~, design on the basis of simultaneous
pressures. The effective differential
action of both shell and tube siGa
design pressure for fixed tubesheets
under such circumstances is given by:
P = (Pr' -- P.' + Pat)

or
P
= (Pt' - Po' +
2
PSt + Pe!)

or P = Pe.
whichever has the
or P =----2+
(P3' Pd) greatest absoluta value

or P = (Pt' -- P,')
or P =-------
(Ptl - P,' +
2
Pd)

or P = PSt
where
Pe!. Pa•. Pato P.'. 2nd P/ are as defined i;¡ paragraphs R-7.1S1.
R-7.152, R-7.153. and R-7.154 respectively.

Notes~ Lit is' not permissible to·enter the equation P: in paragraph R-7.153
" ·.wíth (P, - p¡) in place of P, nor the equation p~1in paragraph
R-7.154 with (p¡ - P,) in place of P" to determine a:l effective
shell side or tuba side design pressure for fixed tubesheets.

• 2. When J ;::: O, formulas with the term Pe! cannot control.

3. Formulas containing the terms Pe¡ or Pa, are not applícab:e for
use in paragraph R-7.123.

R-7.16 PACKED FLOATING TUB;:SHEET TYPE EXCHANGERS

R-7.161 OUTSIDE PACKEO FlOATiNG HEAO (Type P)
The thickness of tlJbesheets ín exchangers whose floating heads are packed
at the outside diameter of the tubesheet or a cylindrical extensíon thereof.
shall be ealculated as for gasketed stationary tubesheet exehangers, using
terms as defined below and the formula shcwn in paragraph P·7.122 ::r
R-7.123.
DI - DL2
P
p¡ + p. ( D,2 )
where
P = Hydrostatie design pressure, psi.
p¡ = Hydrostatie design pressure, psi, tube side.
P, = f-lydrostat¡¿ desisn ¡Jressure, psi. sheil side.
D = Outside diameter of floating tubesheet. ¡nehes.
D, = Inside diameter of floating tubesheet skirt, ínehes.
Dl = Equivalent diameter of.tube center limit perimeter. ¡nenes. as
defined in paragraph R·7.123.
F and G are as defíned in previous paragíaphs consider:ng 30plicatlle
edge eonfigurations.

42 • STANDARDS OF TUBULAR EXCHANGER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

r"~..~-.'-
i
t
~ - 'H -----.------.----.--. ---- - .•

.~
.
SECTION 5
Mechanical Standards TEI\1AClass "R" Heat Exchancre:.-s
~,

TUBESHEETS- (Continued)
R-7.162 PACKEO FlOATlNG TUBESKEET WITH LANTERN RING (Type W)
The thickness of tubesheets in exchangers whose f/oating tubesheets are
packed at the outside diameter with return bonnet or channel bolred to the
shell flange, 5hall be caiculated as for gasketed stationary tubesheet ex·
chan¡?ers, l.!sing terms 2S deíined below and the formula shown in pcragr2;::¡h
f\·7.122.
P= Hydrostatic design pressure. psi, tube side.
G= Mean diameter of gasket at stationary tube sheet, inches.
F:::;: 1.0

R-7.163 FLOATlNG HEAO (Type S) WITH PACKED NOZZLE

Ihe thickness of tubeshee:s in exchangers with packed floatin~ head nozz!es
sha i ¡ be eaicuiaiec <: s íor gasketed stémona ry tubesheet exchengsrs. L!sir;g
terms as defined below and the formula shown in paragróph R·7.122 or
R·7.123. '
P = Hydrostatic design pressure, psi, shell side or tube side.
F and G are as defined in paragraph R·7.131 or R-7.142,
whichever is applicable.
R-7.17 DIVIDEn FLOATING HEADS _
For divided floating tubesh'eets. regardless of the type of stationary tubesheet,
G = 1.41 s
F = 1,0 .
where s = Length of shortest span measured over center lines of gasket,
¡nehes.

R-7.1 8 DOUBLE TUBESHEETS

Double tubesheets may be used where operating conditions indicate their desirah;íity.
Ihe diversity of construction types makes it impractical to specify design ru!€.s wh:cr.
are universally applicable. It may be stated that the mutual supportcontributed bye2ch
comp.onent tubesheet through the tubes connecting them is a generally recognized de-
sign principie.
R-7.181 MINIMUM THrCKNESS
Neither component of a double tubesheet shall have a thickness less thar.
required by paragraph R-7.121.
R-7.182 VENTS AND ORAINS
Double tubesheets of the edge welded type shall be provided with vent and
drain connections at the high and low points of the enclosed space.
R-7.183 SPECIAl PRECAUTlONS
When double tubesheets are used, special attention shall be given to the
ability of the tubes to withstand, without damage, the mechanical and
thermal loads imposed on them by this construction.
R-7.19 SPECIAl CASES
Speciat consideration must be given to tubesheets. with abnormal conditions of sup-
port or !oading; e.g., 11xed tubesheets in exchangers with expansion joínts which
require considerable axial loads to produce required movements, such as the ilued
and flanged t)'pe; tubesheets (except fixed tubesheets) with extensions used as
flanges; tubesheets with porticns not adequately stayed by tubes; e.g., exchangers
Viith tarfe diiierences in shell and head inside diameters; and exchangers with
hydrostatic design pressures greaier than 3000 psíg. Special con::.ideration may also
be given to conditions tending to reduce tubesheet thickness requirements.
SECTION 5
Mechanical Standards TE?vIA Class "RJI Heat Exchangers

R-7 TUB~SHEETS- (Conrinued)

R-7.2 TUBE HCLES IN TU3ESHEETS

R-7.21 DlAMETER5 ANO TOLERANCES

Tube h0fes in t:.;::eshe~ts sloall be finished ta the s;zes 2:"d to!eranC2S shown in T:!ole
¡::;,7.21. ccIumn (3). Por Justenit:c 5t~e¡ wbes. wr.:::n used ror 'cor(osion resi5,ance, a
closer fit between tube 0.0. and tube hole I.D. 2S shown in calumn (b) may tend to
minimize work hardening and attendant 105s or cQrrosi'Jn resistance; these clearances
will be provided when specified by the purchaser.

TABlE R.7.21

TUBE HOLE DIAMETERS ANO TOLERANCES

Dj3r.1et~r (d) 0.002

1.012 a~d Ur.C2(TL::e
Fit N0fT1ln3!
T::':~ranc;:--lr':nes
Ho¡e Dia.-neter
Nominal 0.010·1.264
0.003
O.O!O1.010
1.261
0.C06
2.022
2018
1.514
0.OQ4
0.760
1.513
0.003
0.0,)3
0.007
0.0;0
0.002
0.753
0004
Under
0.002
T.~lerance
Is) S~3ilC:ard
C.007
D¡am~tei
Tolerance
Und-=r
Nominal
e~c2ed (a) (b)Remainder
~a!ue inSpeciai
cO[U"Tln(").coiumn ClQ5e nctTo!eral1ce·lnches (96% 'Jf
(a).) FitmayOyer
I
tt:b~ t¡oles .nL!!.t rr.eet \;'~Iue in

R-7.22 TU3ESHEET DR1L,l.lNG rOl.ERANGS

Tabie R,7.22 gives perr:lissible tube hale drilling toierances, dril! drift, and recam-
mended maximum tube wall thicknesses.

TABlE
, TA3lE R·7.22
OF TUBESHEET DRILLING TOr.ERANCES ANO MAXIMUM RECOMMENOEO TUBE GAGES
(AII Dimensi-ons in lnches)

I !2.022
.331
12
322
.142
<;
P/21.264
2:~
---
V¡,d:h
.264
.324
4
1.012
.192
.265
.263
.438
.440
.259T~~e
0'3.
.323
A.iS
Ip-do
¡·9/l6
51/2
.197
.320
.195
.lS3
.266
251
.~04
.327
.314
.25~
.201
.135
.250
.!99
.31-+
.139
~\;:¿th
.,,':0
.202
.203
.264
.316
.321
.254
.257
..328
.318
.317
.253
.260
.~42
.329
.326
.255
.:52
5/16
15/15
.l.g3
.252
1/4
3/."3
3/8
5'/16
1·7/8
.~
3116
NomlOal
fit
.313
Ligamer:t
1=:
Co
!
Hoie
.185
.120
'.180 12
.250
0.23813(95%
.144
.268
.267
.1501.38
.322
00.~73
.357
Tube
2·1/21.25
1.518 1.205
i3.150
Pitch
Tube .298
..;.¿:::.330
0.173 1.33
1.42
?('"I"-
1.25"
p p mended
I !.50
1.31
089961.25 of ligaments
0.:65
0.302
0.240
0.300
t.251
'0.363
t
.135
.2-'6
I! .31-1: ! .3:9
1.25 Gage .150
-
U?,3menl
.090rnust
1 .120
1
Hea~iest
eq~a¡ ,193exc;,~d
or
Tub~she~: i
Minimu;:'l .139
válues
Tr.ic'-<neS5,
Std.
M,nimum
tabulated below) I
."84
'rch~s
U::a'TIents Permiso
sible
11.1/4
_t I
II
II0.760 .UI I
.131 I .127 I .~221

NOTES: The above table of mimmum standard Jigaments is bas¿d en a ligament tolerance not exc~lng the sum 01 twice the dn1j drift tolerance plu
0.e30".
[;(11! Oritt Toil!rance == 'J.-:';016 X (Th;ckness:)f 7lJoesn%t ,'n Tube Oiameteri) 1(1.

44 .• STA:--TDi\RDS OF TU3ULAR EXCH.;;'NGER MANG? ACTUilERS AS30CU.TICN