Investigative Research Report

Investigative report on the rate of drying up of
linen fabric with respect to windy and sunny

weather condition.
BY:
Milani Thomas
225298104
DATE:
8 June 2022
MODULE:
LELV111 – Professional Communication: Language
LECTURER:
Mr M. Raban
Student Name and No.: Milani Thomas, 225298104
LELV111 - Report Title: Investigative report on the rate of drying up of linen fabric with respect to windy and sunny weather condition.
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...........................................................................................................................1
LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................................2
LIST OF FIGURES.....................................................................................................................................2
GLOSSARY..............................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................3
TERMS OF REFERENCE...............................................................................................................................3
BACKGROUND/CONTEXT............................................................................................................................3
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES...............................................................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW..............................................................................................................................3
SUB-HEADING 1.......................................................................................................................................3
SUB-HEADING 2.......................................................................................................................................3
SUB-HEADING 3...............................................................................................................................................3
METHODOLOGY/PROCEDURE................................................................................................................3
RESULTS/FINDINGS................................................................................................................................3
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION.........................................................................................................................3
ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS.................................................................................................................3
REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS....................................................................................................................4
CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................................................4
RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................................5
APPENDICES...........................................................................................................................................6
APPENDIX 1............................................................................................................................................6
i
Executive Summary
The aim of this investigation is to actually determine the rate of drying up of linen fabric when
airdried on a windy and on a sunny day. There are physical and scientifically factors that have
an effect on the actual rate of drying up of this fabric. During the course of the investigation, it
has been found that washing the linen fabric with warm water of 65DegreesCelcius leads to a
drying period of (25minutes to 2.3hours), whereas washing the fabric with cold water of
35DegreesCelcius took a drying period of (40minutes to 3hours), overall, we concluded from
the results that it takes longer time to dry a cold water washed linen fabric, than a warm water
washed linen fabrick. The linen fabric was airdried on a windy day and the time taken was
lesser due to very small amount of moisture within the atmosphere, however when the linen
fabric was airdried on a sunny day the time taken to dray the fabric was much longer due to the
moisture content on the atmosphere that is promoted by the evaporation during a sunny day
(Monteith, 1979). From the results we then concluded that it actually takes a longer time to dry
a linen fabric on a sunny day but much lesser time on a windy day. By definition rate is the
change in amount of quantity divided by the change in it time taken, thus mathematically rate
is the quotient of quantity per unit time taken. The rate is inversely proportional to the time
taken (John C, 1993). The linen fabric was washed with warm water there was a faster rate of
drying up due to lesser time being taken and when washed with cold water there is a slower
rate due to longer time taken to dry up.
1
List of Tables
 Page(3)Advantages and Disadvantages of Linen…………………………………………………….……….….1
List of Figures
 Page(6)Moisture vs Drying Time……………………………………………………………..……………………….1.1
 Page(7)Analysis and evaluation of results…………………………………………………………………….….1.2
 Page(8)Drying Rate vs Time ……………….……….…………………………………………………..……………...1.3
 Page(13)Operating Temperature vs Drying Period……………………………………………………..…….1.4
 Page(14)Mathematical Description of figure 1.4………………………………….……………………….….1.5
 Page(15)Factors that affect the rate……………………..………………………………………………………….1.6
Glossary
Hypothetical Statement proposal made at the basis of limited evidence as a starting
point for further investigation.
Humidity Measure of water content in the form of vapour in the atmosphere.
Evaporation Process of turning from liquid into vapour.
Simultaneous Act that includes two or more things done at the same time.
[Geographical Short-term pattern of weather in a particular area, at the state of
Weather atmosphere, including temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind,
Operation] and cloud cover.
Quotient Synonym of division.
2
Introduction
The society that we ar.
Terms of Reference
The main objective of the research is to determine the highest rate of drying of linen material
specifically between Windy and Sunny day using hot and cold water. Out of any material that
could have been used for testing I chose to test using linen material, the reason being that
It has strength and durability, has less environmental impact on the environment, Naturally
Repel insects. The following table outlines the advantages and disadvantages of linen that led
to the material being selected for research.
Advantages Disadvantages
Washable Wrinkles easily if not treated
Takes quicker time to dry Gets damaged by over-insolation.
Not damaged by insolation and chemicals Fades
Takes and hold Colour Absorbs moisture easily
Table 1 Advantages vs Disadvantages of linen. (Li Qiu, 2012)
Background/Context
People in our society wear outfits that completely clash with the weather condition due to
playing on wrongful comparison and estimation geographical weather condition hence lack
geographical knowledge and misconceptions within our society is at peak somehow people end
up wearing out weather clashing stuff as a result of these misconceptions. This has been a
generational effect that has affected majority of us. Weather operates geographically so
however a greater knowledge, alert and education about it is then a prior thing to be practiced
in our society to eliminate these errors and issues that affect us.
Playing out on comparison and estimation of weather operation has been then an effect
towards our society, going forward with this research will not only be about determining the
3
actual weather condition upon which the faster rate of drying up is established but to give
fruitful knowledge upon our society about geographical weather effect it has on the drying up
of clothes hence that will eliminate these misconception that within our society and establish a
greater knowledge on the actual weather operation.
Research Objectives
Main objective of the research is determining the actual rate of drying up of linen material on
different weather conditions. So is there a breakdown within the main objective that are
building blocks of this main objective.
 It was finding the actual time taken by the linen material to dry up when the weather
condition is windy, I have found that it took much shorter time to dry up as there is
certain wind speed present there is no humidity as none of evaporation took place so is
the rate more faster during a windy Condition.
 Finding the actual time taken by the linen material when its sunny outside, I have found
that the material takes the range of few minutes later than windy day, as due to sunny
day evaporation takes place due to radiation so however there is a high content of
humidity within the atmosphere and then a much greater time is consumed as
compared to when it is windy.
Whereas investigation was done on both different weather conditions, temperature of

water used to wash the linen has a greater impact on the rate of drying up.
When the temperature is higher the more the more energy given of to promote
evaporation so the faster the rate of drying up is established, we then can say
So then can we deduct and say that there will be a faster rate of drying up on when the
temperature used is high and there will be a slower rate only when the lower
temperature is used to wash the material.
THE HIGHER THE TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER USED THE FASTER THE RATE OF
DRYING UP TAKES PLACE AS INVERSLEY ON WHEN THE TEMPERATURE IS LOWER.
4
Literature Review
Investigative research conducted, sources have to be obtained and found to gather information
and supporting statements for the research, so under the word source there are reliable and
unreliable sources that one can use for the research investigation.
Rate with respect to temperature of water used

I obtained variation of results based on the research whereas linen being kept constant so there
are various valid reasons for so happening, temperature of water used to wash the linen
material has its generous effect towards this investigation that was pulled, when linen material
was being washed by warm water the actual time taken to dry up the linen fabric was lesser,
linen material was then being washed by cold water the time taken then by the linen to dry up
was much longer.
Rate is a constant quantity divided by time, so if divided by less time there is higher quotient
obtained as then proves that quotient is inversely prop to the actual time taken to dry up. same
applies as on the higher time taken the quotient is less hence this proves that quotient is
inversely prop to time taken.
Rate with respect to windy and sunny weather

During the investigation Different weather conditions were used, when it is windy, we find that
there is less humidity, wind speed is present, there is a faster rate of drying up established as
these above mentioned are effective on the rate of drying up when windy, thus we find that
time taken is shorter then then the rate is then higher when windy.
When the weather is sunny the content of humidity within the atmosphere is at a higher range
due to evaporation that takes place, the actual time that is taken is then longer so is the rate of
drying up when it is sunny is then at lowest.
5
Rate with respect to size of linen fabric

Amount of water used to wash the material does not have an impact on the rate of drying up of
the linen material as of because the linen material does not absorb and hold water as the wool
and other fabrics do.
Surface area of linen material used has zero impact on whether the rate is faster or slower
hence I used different sizes of the linen fabric but the results I got were same irrespective of
their surface areas, so basically and overall, the following have an impact on the rate of drying
up of the linen material.
So is rate serves as a quotient is directly proportional to measure of quantity the ff graph also
shows that moisture content has its impact also on the rate of drying up.
Figure1.1 Moisture vs Drying Time (Aditya Madan, 2014)
6
Methodology/Procedure
Different sizes of linen fabric(225cm^2) and (2500cm^2) were used to ensure validity and
reliability of the investigation. The linen fabric was handwashed using both cold and warm
water. It was then airdried on a windy and sunny weather condition. Ruler for fabric
measurement, Powdered detergent was used, the amount of water was kept constant at
5Litres.The linen fabric was hand washed using cold water and hanged on both windy and
sunny weather condition. The linen fabric was handwashed with warm water and hanged on
both windy and sunny weather condition. The time taken to dry up the linen fabric on these
different procedures was taken by a stopwatch. In as much as these different sized linen fabrics
were used for the investigation the findings show and prove that size actually has zero effect on
the rate of drying up of the linen fabric.
Figure 1.2 Analysis and evaluation of results.
7
Results/Findings
As the research was done carefully, different surface area of linen was used
to ensure reliability and fairness of the investigation, different weather conditions that research
is based on were used, different water temperatures were used separately thus use of all these
implications was to ensure reliability and fairness of the research. On a sunny day the linen
material was washed with 5L cold water at average temperature of 35Degrees Celsius. So, linen
started to dry 40 min after hanging to max of 3hrs.
On a sunny day the linen material was washed with 5L warm water of average temperature
65Degrees Celsius. So linen material started to dry25min after hanging to max of 2,5hrs.
On a windy day linen material was washed using 5L cold water of average temperature of
35Degrees Celsius. So, linen started to dry 20min after hanging to max of 2hrs.
On a windy day linen material was washed using 5Lwarm water of average temperature
65Degrees Celsius. So, linen started to dry 10min after hanging to max of 1,8hrs.
the following figure 1.3 supports and agrees with the results.
Figure 1.3 Drying Rate vs Time Graph (C Gallistel, 2000)
8
Analysis and Discussion

From the results that are obtained there is similarity of results between different sized linen
materials that are a reason that size has no impact on the rate of drying up of linen material.
The results recorded during windy weather show that in windy weather there is a shorter time
taken for drying up the linen whereas on a sunny weather there is a much greater time taken by
the linen to dry up.
Washing of linen material with cold water brought about slight delay in the process of drying up
of the lien material so however this shows that washing linen with cold water delays the
process of drying up.
Washing the linen material with warm water brought about faster time of drying up this shows
that its much better to wash the linen material using water that is warm instead of cold.
There physical and geographical factors that have an impact on the following taking place are
moisture content on the atmosphere during a sunny day due to evaporation taking place and
that leads to higher content of moisture within the atmosphere so will moisture diffusion on
the fabric will lead to much longer time being taken to dry and typically decreases the rate of
drying. (Brutsaert, 1982)
Assumptions and Limitations

 Weather has limited me as it was rainy in the metro so did, I not only have to wait but it
also had to delay me into gathering the results.
 Loadshedding would take place in the middle of gathering information and supporting
data then network would not co-operate.
 Having to save water since our metro is in a crisis so I could not just fill different 5L
water buckets simultaneously, but I had to do once a bucket and that delayed the
process.
 In as much as the description of the activity states that we shall use resources within our
orbit that we can find easily, finding the material was not easy as I had to research
initially which linen, I can easily get hold of hence I then did an evaluation and picked
linen material because of its properties.
9
Remarks and Observations

These are critical observations that one could simply ignore without taking deep careful look
into.
Rate is a quantity of something measured per unit time taken.
So, by measuring simply between the 2 different sized linen materials. Temperature of water
used is the same btw those 2 cloths so however this was fairly act, the actual time taken to dry
them between these 2 different weather conditions was the same so this however proves to
me that the actual size of linen material that is washed has no impact on the rate but what
prior components that do so are, time taken and actual measure of temperature the following
shows that rate is directly proportional to the measure of quantity , and is inversely
proportional to the time taken.
So, looking from the graph below from A to B its at initial rate. From B to E we can see that
there is an increase of time taken, so is the rate decreasing this follows the proof that Rate is
inversely proportional to the time taken so as time increases the rate decrease.
Conclusions
The investigation on the rate if drying up of linen fabric was performed and the results were
recorded. Throughout the investigation there were observations, limitations, assumptions and
adaptations so were these above mentioned.
The linen fabric dries quickly in windy weather condition whereas it dries slower during sunny
weather condition. When the fabric is washed with cold water it takes much longer time to dry
whereas it takes much shorter time when washed with warm water, these are the physical and
geographical factors that have affected the rate of drying up of the linen fabric. Misconceptions
information that one spreads to another shall be completely deleted and eliminated from our
mentalities
10
Recommendations
From the investigation it has been shown that the rate of drying up of linen fabric depends on
some certain few factors which are, period of drying, temperature of water used to wash and
the weather condition. Thus, the investigation was taken through a linen fabric due to some of
its advantages, the fabric that can be used for future research can then be any other fabric
except the linen fabric. So will the investigation not only shield on a single fabric but all type of
washing. The future research will then be more interesting as it will get into dept of other
different fabric and will then completely eliminate these misconceptions.
11
References
 Aditya Madan, A. P. G. N., 2014. Mathematical modelling of linen drying rate at varying
moisture content, 3 May, pp. 10-17.
 Brutsaert, W., 1982. Evaporation in the atmosphere. 3rd ed. Boston: Kluwer Academic
Publishers.
 Currey, T., 2012. Masterclass Science. Fabrics and their uses, 02 August, pp. 16-22.
 John C, M. G. G. N., 1993. Inferring subduction of rate with period. Journal of Physical
Oceanography, II (16), pp. 1315-1329.
 Li Qiu, X. D. C., 2012. Advanced fabric research. [Online]

Available at: https://www.scienctific.net
[Accessed 27 May 2022].
 Monteith, J., 1979. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. [Online]
Available at: https://www.scieme-evapouratio-moisture-content/.com
[Accessed 9 May 2022].
12
Appendices
Appendix 1
Figure1.4 OPERATING TEMPERATURE vs DRYING TIME GRAPH (C Gallistel, 2000)
13
From the above graph of Temperature vs Drying Time these are the following deductions
Figure1.5 Mathematical evaluation of figure 1.4
14
In as much more data gathered, indeed figure 1.3 shows that indeed temperature of water
used plays a vital role when it comes to determining the rate of drying up of linen material
Figure1.6 Variables and their effects.
15
So is the future research going to exclude the linen fabric it will consider other fabrics.
16
Figure1.7 Fabrics to be used for future research (Currey, 2012)
17
18

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Investigative Research Report

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Investigative report on the rate of drying up of

linen fabric with respect to windy and sunny

LELV111 – Professional Communication: Language

Whereas investigation was done on both different weather conditions, temperature of

Rate with respect to temperature of water used

Rate with respect to windy and sunny weather

Rate with respect to size of linen fabric

Figure 1.2 Analysis and evaluation of results.

Analysis and Discussion

Assumptions and Limitations

Remarks and Observations

 Li Qiu, X. D. C., 2012. Advanced fabric research. [Online]

Figure1.4 OPERATING TEMPERATURE vs DRYING TIME GRAPH (C Gallistel, 2000)

Figure1.7 Fabrics to be used for future research (Currey, 2012)

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