Department of Electrical Engineering

EED 205: Communication Engineering (Spring 2020)

Course Instructor: Dr. Kamal Singh
MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION
Date: 26th February 2020

Time: 3 P.M.-4 : 30 P.M. Max.Marks: 20

1. Assume an ideal phase-locked loop (PLL) device is available for demodulating FM

signal. What is the output of the PLL when the input is
(a) Frequency-modulated (FM) signal
(b) Phase-modulated (PM) signal.
(0.5 + 0.5 = 1)

2. Consider the modulating signal to be m(t) = A1 cos(ω1 t) + B2 cos(ω2 t), which FM

modulates the carrier A cos(ωc t). Give an expression for the complex envelope of the
bandpass FM signal.
(1)

3. Determine the output of the cascade of the two ideal Hilbert transformations (HT)
due to the input signal m(t).

(1)

4. Consider the following schematic diagram

1
 where m(t) is a sinusoidal signal of amplitude A and p(t) is a square wave signal
alternating between +1 and −1. The repetition rate of p(t) is 6 times the frequency of
m(t)

(a) Draw the m(t)p(t) waveform.

(b) Give a scheme to recover m(t) from the product signal m(t)p(t). Justify.

(0.5 + 0.5 + 0.5)

5. The stringent requirements of having a sharp cut-off filter required for SSB can be
relaxed by allowing a part of the other sideband also(Vestigial Sideband Modulation).
It is well-known that if H(f ), the transfer function of the VSB filter, satisfies the
following condition:

H(f − fc ) + H(f + fc ) = constant, |f | < W

then, the message signal can be demodulated without any distortion using a coherent
demodulator. The following figure is one possible band-pass filter response satisfying
the above condition:

Give/draw any other possible band-pass filter response that can be used to create a
vestigial side-band modulation.
(1)

6. A commercial FM radio station alternates between music and talk show. The music
is bandlimited to 15 KHz while voice is limited to 5 KHz. If modulation index β = 5,
then what percentage of transmission bandwidth goes waste during the talk show?
(1)

7. Consider a band-pass signal s(t) whose spectrum is given as following:

2
 Using the above signal s(t), find a scheme that generates a band-pass signal y(t) whose
spectrum is given as following:

(2)

8. Suppose the message signal m(t) applied to an FM modulator is a step function given
as

Consider the FM demodulation principle given below:

For this choice of message signal, draw the FM input waveform SF M (t), waveforms at
1 and 2 .
(1 + 1 + 1=3)

9. Consider the following band-pass filter (BPF) for realizing the FM demodulation
(precisely, the output of this BPF is passed through an envelope detector to produce
the message signal):

3
 Assume that the input FM signal spectrum (or bandwidth BT ) is strictly aligned with
the linear portion of this band-pass filter (this linear region is shown by a dark (thick)
solid line).

(a) Draw the complex envelope of H(f ) limited to the [ −B2 T , +B2 T ] region.
(b) Determine output of the BPF H(f ) due to the input FM signal.
(c) Determine the condition on output of the BPF H(f ) due to the input FM signal
such that envelope detector can be used to successfully recover the message signal.

(1+3+1=5)

10. Design an FM modulator using the circuit drawn below to generate a wideband FM
signal with carrier frequency of 97.3 MHz and frequency deviation ∆f = 10.24 KHz. A
narrowband FM (NBFM) with carrier frequency of 20 KHz and ∆f = 5 Hz is available.
Only frequency doublers can be used as multipliers (i.e. M1 = 2k1 and M2 = 2k2 for
some positive integers k1 and k2 ). A LO with adjustable frequency between 400 and
500 KHz is available for frequency translation.

fc1 fc2 fc3

NBFM Multiplier × BPF at Multiplier fc4
∆f1 M1 ∆f2 fc3 ∆f3 M2 ∆f4

LO

Figure 1:

(a) Determine the multiplier factors M1 and M2 .

(b) Determine the frequency of LO.

(2+1.5)