1

INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION The concept of restitution

CA 311 (Payment))
CMO No. 05, Series of 2018 Punishment were met
according to the social class
MARIZ P. BALQUIN of the offender

Code of Draco (late 7th harsh code in Greece that

century BC) provides the same
Overview punishment for both
citizens and the slaves
Correction Early Penitentiary/ Prison (Delizo, 2013, p.4)

Branch of the administration of criminal justice charged Maine State Prison

with responsibility for the custody, supervision, and
rehabilitation of the convicted offender
Purpose of Corrections:
1) Reformation of Offenders
2) Prevention of Crime
Two (2) approaches in the Philippine Correction System
Institutional-Based Corrections
This approach provides incarceration and
rehabilitation of offenders who are sentenced by the court to
serve the prison term after conviction of a criminal offense to
an institution.
Community-Based Corrections
Community-based corrections are alternatives to
imprisonment or incarceration. It refers to any community-
based corrections program designed to supervise convicted
offenders in lieu of incarceration, either by city, county, state
or federal authority., community service and restitution
orders.
Historical Perspective on the Development of Corrections
Hulks 18-19th century
Floating hells
Former warship
Used to POW
Galleys 14- 19th century
Slaves chained to aor the
ship
Gallows Capital punishment
Wooden used for hanging
Early codes: (Apela N.,et al, 2019,p.3)
Code of Hammurabi Oldest code
Babylon time
Lex Taliones
Mosaic Code Law of Moses
Retribution (punishment)
Settlement
King Ur-Nammu’s Code Mesopotamia
Allows fine, punish
offender and paid the
victim
Justinian Code Roman Emperor Justin
Standard law in Roman
Empire
A revision of 12 Tables of
Roman Law
12 tables of Roman law Specified the penalty for
every offense listed in the
said tables
Originated between 500 BC
Burgundian Code (500 AD) Jesus Christ time
Institutional Correction (CA 311)
Mariz P. Balquin, MsCJ
Sing Sing Prisons
St. Michael Prisons
Auburn System
Pennsylvania System
Penitentiary Era
Penitentiary Concept – Paenitentia (John Howard)
Walnut Street Jail
Mamertine Prison
Workhouse
Alcatraz Prison
Age of Enlightenment (18 century)(Delizo,
2013,p6)
William Penn
Founded by Warden Elam
Lyands
The shower bath was a
gadget so constructed as to
drop a volume of water on
the head of a locked naked
offender
Pope Clement XI
Emphasized the
rehabilitative concept
Segregation of prisoners
and force silence to make
the prisoners contemplate
their wrongdoings
They listened to religious
brothers giving religious
teachings.
This style was adopted by
Auburn System
Also known as New York
System or Congregate
System
This system prisoner to
work during day time in
common areas but must
maintain absolute silence
and then spend their nights
in solitary confinement.
Day – work
Night – Solo confinement
silent and congregate
The rival of Auburn system
Solitary confinement
Day & Night at cell
silent and separate
Philadelphia
1st American Penitentiary
1970
Early Roman place of
confinement
London 1556
Bridewell System
Utilizing prison labor for
benefits of wealthy
individuals and
government official
The rock
Known as most notorious,
best and strongest prison in
America.
He abolished Death penalty

Prescribed imprisonment
Charles Montesiquieu
Jeremy Bentham Designed the Panopticon
Prison
John Howard Sherriff of Bedsfordshire in
1773
Father of Penitentiary
Single cells for sleeping,
segregation of
woman/youth, sanitation
and abolition of fee system
The Reformatory Movement (1816-
1890) (Delizo, 2013,p6)
Manuel Montesimos Director of Prison
(Valencia)
Allowed reduction of the
inmates sentence by 1/3
for good behavior
Offered trade training to
prepare the convicts for
return to society.
Domets of France Agricultural Colony for
delinquent boys
Alexander Maconochie Father of Parole
Mark System
Sie Walter Crofton Director of Irish Prison
Irish System to Progressive
Stage system
4 stages :Solitary
confinement (9mons),
public work, work w/o
supervision, release
Zebulon Brockway Director of Elmira
Reformatory
16-30 years old boys
Father of Prison Reform
Elmira Reformatory Forerunner of Modern
Penology
School type training,
compulsory education
Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise Director of English Prison
Borstal Institution (best
institutions/best
reformation for young
offender)
CONCEPT OF PENOLOGY
PENOLOGY – is that part of the science of criminology that
studies the principles of punishment and the management of
prisons, reformatories and other confinement units. This term
is coined by Francis Liber.
POENALIS – a Latin word which means “Punishment”.
POENA – A Latin word means pain or suffering.
POENE – a Greek word which means “penalty or fine”.
Punishment – It is a re-orientation or re-instruction of the
individual with a view to preventing a repetition of the
deviation without necessity of taking punitive action.
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Mariz P. Balquin, MsCJ
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Purpose of Punishment (Santos,2016,p.3-6)
Punishment has five recognized purposes: deterrence,
incapacitation, rehabilitation, retribution, and restitution.
Deterrence Prevent future crime by
frightening the defendant
Specific – individual
defendant
General – public at large
Incapacitation Removing defendant from
society like imprisonment
Rehabilitation Altering a defendant’s
behavior.
Retribution Removing the desire for
personal avengement like
assault
Restitution Prevents future crime by
punishing the defendant
financially.
Penalty
Defined as the suffering inflicted by the state against
an offending member for the transgression of law. (Delizo,
2013,p7)
Juridical Conditions of Penalty: Punishment must be:
1. Productive of suffering – without affecting the
integrity of the human personality.
2. Commensurate with the offense-different crimes
must be punished with different penalties.
3. Personal – no proxy
4. Legal – consequence must be accordance with the
law.
5. Equal – equal for all persons
6. Certain – no one must escape its effect
Forms of Punishment: Ancient to Contemporary
Ancient forms of Punishment
1. Death Penalty – this was affected by burning, boiling
in oil, breaking at the wheel, drowning, hanging, guillotine, etc.
2. Physical Torture- this was effected by mutilation,
maiming, whipping, etc. otherwise known as “corporal
punishment”.
3. Social Degradation - effected by branding, use of
ducking stool, stocks, pillory, etc.. in order to put up the
offender to shame or humiliation.
4. Banishment – this is sending or putting away of an
offender which was carried out either by prohibition against
coming into a specified territory, or prohibition against outside
a specified territory such an island to where the offender has
been removed. (Delizo, 2013,p5)
Contemporary Forms of Punishment
Imprisonment – putting the offender in prison for the purpose
of protecting the public against criminal activities and the same
time rehabilitating the prisoners.
Parole – conditional release of a prisoner after serving part of
his/her sentence.
Probation – a disposition whereby a defendant after conviction
of an offense is released subject to the conditions imposed by
the releasing court.
Fine – an amount given as a compensation for a criminal act.
Destierro – a penalty of banishing a person from place where
he committed a crime, prohibiting him to get near or enter the
25 kilometer perimeter. (Delizo, 2013,p5)
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Duration of Penalties
The three (3) classes of detainees are those:
Death Penalty Capital Punishment • Undergoing investigation;
• Awaiting or undergoing trial; and
Reclusion Perpetua Life imprisonment, a • Awaiting final judgment.
term of
20-40 years of Inmates Security Classification
imprisonment. High Profile Inmate Highly controversial
Sensational crime
Reclusion Temporal 12 years & 1 day to Increase security (Media)
20 years imprisonment Politician, Government
official, Artista
Prison Mayor 6 yrs and 1 day to 12 yrs High risk inmate Highly dangerous
Greater degree of security
Prision Correctional 6 months & 1 day to 6 Capability to
years escape\charged heinous
crime
Arresto Mayor 1 month & 1 day to 6 High Value Target Whistle blower
months Enemy combatant
Critical intelligence
Arresto Menor 1 day to 30 days Security Threat Group Gang, prison gang,outlaw
gang
Bond to keep the Discretionary on the Subversive Group People adopt subversive
peace part of the principles
court Group that overthrow
government
Terrorist Group Commits National Security
Violent Extremis Offender Kulto
CHAPTER II Religious ideologies far to
society beliefs
PHILIPPINE PRISONS AND JAILS: ORGANIZATION, POWERS Medium risk inmates Moderate risk to the public
AND FUNCTIONS Might commit violence
inside the jail
The history of prisons and jails in the Philippines Minimum Risk inmates First time offender
(Ordinary inmates) Charged with light penalty
The Bureau of Prisons was created by virtue of
reorganization Act No. 1407 on November 1, 1905 and was
renamed Bureau of Corrections in the Administrative Code of SEC. 9 (RA 10575) . Organization and Key Positions of the
1987 per Executive order 292 on November 22, 1989. (Delizo, Bureau of Corrections. –
2013.p 8). (a) The BuCor shall be headed by a Director who shall be
This prison became known as the “Carcel y Presidio assisted by three (3) Deputy Directors: one (1) for
Correccional” and could accommodate 1,127 prisoners and administration, one (1) for security and operations and one
located at central market of Manila known as May Haligue (1) for reformation, all of whom shall be appointed by the
Estate President upon the recommendation of the Secretary of the
1st Prison – Old Bilibid Prison DOJ: Provided, That the Director and the Deputy Directors of
2nd Prison – San Ramon Prison the BuCor shall serve a tour of duty not to exceed six (6) years
In 1991, the creation of RA 6975 took over from the date of appointment: Provided, further, That in times
administration of local jails through Bureau of Jail of war or other national emergency declared by Congress, the
Management and Penology (Revisa, et al, 2020,p.2) President may extend such tour of duty.
.
Classification of Prisoners (BJMP Manual, 2015 section 16-19, Penal Colonies
p 9-10).
National Bilibid Prison 1941, Muntinlupa
Proc 414 in 1931
Two (2) general categories of inmates are:
552 hectares
Bukang Liwayway Minimum Security Prisoner
Prisoner - inmate who is convicted by final judgment; and
Camp Sampaguita Medium Security Prisoner
Detainee - inmate who is undergoing investigation/trial or
Youth rehabilitation center
awaiting final judgment.
Reception Diagnostic Center
San Ramon Prison and Penal 1869,Zamboanga City
The four (4) main classes of prisoners are:
farm Capt Ramon Blanco
1,546 hectares
Insular Prisoner three (3) years and one (1) day
Iwahig Penal Colony November 16, 1904
to reclusion perpetua or life
Gov. Forbes
imprisonment;
38, 611 heactares
Prison without walls
Provincial Prisoner six (6) months and one (1) day
a) This was divided
to three (3) years;
into four (4) sub-colonies:
Santa Lucia, Inagawan,
City Prisoner one (1) day to three (3) years
Montible and Central.
Correctional Institution for RA 3579 – Nov 27, 1929
Municipal Prisoner one (1) day to six (6) months.
women (CIW) Mandaluyong City
18 hectares
Institutional Correction (CA 311)
Mariz P. Balquin, MsCJ

Davao Penal colony
Sabalayan Penal Colony
Leyte Regional Prison
Classification of Prisoners According to Degree of Security
Super maximum security
(Orange/Tangerine)
Maximum Security Prisoner Constant troublemaker
(Orange/Tangerine)
Medium Security Prisoner
(Blue )
Minimum Security Prisoner
(Brown )
Trustee
Colonist
Maximum security: Tangerine
Medium Security: Blue
Minimum security: Brown
Detainee: Yellow
ADMISSION PROCEDURES IN PRISON
1st Phase
Receiving
Checking of commitment
Papers
Identification/ Booking
Searching / Shakedown
Briefing / Orientation
Issuance of clothes and
Equipment
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Mariz P. Balquin, MsCJ
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Female only d) One (1) mess kit
Ra 3732 – January 21, 1932 e) One (1) pair,
Davao city slippers.
Gen Paulino Santos Assignment to Quarter Sent to quarantine unit
30,000 hectares
Banana Plantation (3k 2nd Phase – Quarantine Unit
hectares)
Two (2) sub-colonies: BUCOR’s Directorate for Reception and Diagnostics (Formerly
Panabo Sub-colony and Reception and Diagnostic Center) – RA 10575
Kapalong Sub-Colony.
Sep 27, 1953 \proc 72 This is a special unit of prison (Camp Sampaguita)
Sabalayan Occidental where new prisoners undergo diagnostic examination, study,
Mindoro and observation for the purpose of determining the programs
16 hectares of treatment and training best suited to their needs FOR A
Atty Alfredo M Bunye TOTAL PERIOD OF 60 DAYS and the institution to which they
January 16, 1973 should be transferred.
Proc 1101
Martial Law It is composed of the following staff members:
Psychiatrist –mental and emotional make-up.
special group of prisoners Psychologist –and behavior of the prisoners.
composed of:
incorrigible, intractable and Sociologist –social case situation of the individual prisoner.
highly dangerous persons
who are source of constant Educational Counselor – conducts orientation classes
disturbances even in a
maximum security prison. Vocational Counselor – to test the prisoner’s special abilities
Industrial shops Chaplain –prisoner to participate in religious activities.
Not allowed to work outside
20 years or more Medical Officer – conducts physical examination
Allowed to work outside
Agricultural work Custodial-Correctional Officer – recommends the transfer and
Less than 20 years type of custody of inmates.
Work without guard
Open condition The Quarantine Cell or Unit
Physical disabilities (60 days)
Over 65 years old Physical examination including blood test, X-rays, vaccinations,
Proven trusted behavior and immunity for 5 to 10 days.
Bastoneros
Work transportation
Entitled of privileges Transfer of Classified Prisoner (RDC Manual,2005,p.18)
Good conduct 1/5
maximum term After a period of 60 days and application of
recommended treatment by the Chief, RDC and approved by
the Director of Corrections, the inmate is prepared to assume
the classification designation.
Those classified to the respective security status are
transferred to the operating institution where the inmate
serves his time and conduct the rehabilitation program
designed for him.
RDC
Classification (RDC Manual,2005,p.16)
Receiving officer checks
commitment papers
It is a method by which diagnosis, treatment program
Picture/ fingerprint
is coordinated in the individual case. It is a process for
Search for any contraband
determination the needs and requirements of those whom
Pat , Rub, Strip, Body cavity
correction has been ordered and for assigning them to
search
programs according to their needs and existing resources.
Rules and regulation
Orientation class
Grouping and screening
process
1. prison uniform,
mosquito net, and beddings.
One (1) blanket
a) One (1) mat
b) One (1) pillow with
pillow case
c) One (1) mosquito
net

Four Separated but coordinated procedures of classification:
Diagnosis determines the nature and
extent of the person’s
criminality and the extent to
which he may be
rehabilitated.
Treatment Formulation of tentative
treatment based on findings
Execution of treatment Application of the treatment
Re-classification Meeting of the inmate’s
case which continues from
time to time of the first
classification until the
inmate is released
Initial classification Procedure (RDC Manual,2005,p.16)
1. RDC Classification Board.
Deliberates regularly after a listing
of a group of a newly received
inmates has been forwarded after
60 day period for purposes of
classification.
2. Membership. The RDC
Classification Board is composed of the following:
Chairperson - Chief, RDC
Member - Chief, Case Coordination Section
Member - Chief, Custodial Section
Member - Chief, Education Section
Member - Chief, Psychological Section
Member - Chief, Sociology Section
Member - Chief, Vocational Section
Member - Chief, Religious Section
Member - Chief, Medical Section
Diversification
Refers to the principles of separating homogenous
type of prisoners that requires special treatment and custody.
Factors Considered in Diversification
a) Age
b) Sex
c) Medical or Mental conditions
d) Degree of custody
PRISON PROGRAMS
Classes of Prison Education
Education programs Eradicate illiteracy
Vocational / Physical
education
Work programs Directorate for work and
livelihood (DWL)
Livelihood programs
Eliminate idleness
Religious program Directorate for Moral and
Spiritual Welfare (DMSW)
Religion plays an important
role in a person’s life
Medical and Health Services Directorate for Health and
Welfare Services (DHWS
Nutrition, sanitation,
medical care
Metal and physical
examination
Immunization
Institutional Correction (CA 311)
Mariz P. Balquin, MsCJ
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Counseling and Case work
Counseling Group counseling
Casework Work individual
Clinical Services Most intensive diagnostic
and treatment activity
Kinds of Releases
Prisoners are released from confinement for any of the
following reasons:
1. Upon expiration of his sentence
2. By order of the Court or of competent
authority
3. After being granted parole, pardon
(clemency) or amnesty. In the matter of
executive clemency and parole cases,
the Director of Corrections submits the
inmate’s prison record to the Board of
Pardons and Parole within the following
periods:
4. For commutation of sentence: at least
one (1) month before the expiration of
one-third of the minimum period of the
inmate’s indeterminate sentence and in
special cases, at least one (1) month
before the periods specified by the
Board
5. For conditional pardon: at least one
month before the expiration of one half
of the minimum period of the inmate’s
indeterminate sentence and in special
cases, at least one month before the
periods as the board may specify
6. For parole: at least one month before
the expiry date of his minimum
sentence.
Authority To Release
Those authorized to order or approve the release
of inmates are:
1. The Supreme Court or the lower courts (in
cases of acquittal or grant of bail)
2. The President of the Philippines (in cases of
executive clemency or amnesty)
3. The Board of Pardons and Parole (in parole
cases)
4. The Director of Corrections (upon the
expiration of the sentence of the inmate)
Separation and Placement Center
• 30 days before the release.
• One day seminar in preparation outside
Proper Identification Before Releasing
• Prior to his release, the prisoner is properly identified
through fingerprints and other identification marks
• Prisoners are not released through telegrams sent, or
telephone calls made, by unnamed / unauthorized
sources.
• Inmates released by reason of acquittal, dismissal of
the case, the filing of bond, or the payment of
indemnity are released upon receipt by the
Superintendent of a written order bearing the seal of
the court and duly signed by the clerk of court or by
the judge.
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BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY (BJMP) SEC. 5 (RA 9263). Appointment of Uniformed Personnel to the
BJMP
Law creating the BJMP (www.bjmp.gov.ph) Rank Appointed by: Attested by:
• Ra 6975 (January 2, 1991) under DILG JO1 to SJOIV Regional Civil Service
• Last head of Jail Bureau BRIG GEN Arsenio E. Director for Jail Commission (CSC);
Concepcion. Protection
• 1st Chief of the Bureau Director Charles S. Mondejar J/INSP to J/SUPT Chief of the Jail recommended by
• The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Bureau their immediate
supervises and controls all district, city and municipal superiors, and
jails. attested by the CSC
J/SR. SUPT Secretary of the upon
DILG recommendation of
Organizations and Key Position (RA 9263,Sec 3.p2). the respective Chief
of the Jail Bureau
The Jail Bureau, pursuant to Section 60 to 65, with the proper
Chapter V, Republic Act No. 6975 amended by Republic Act No. attestation of the
9263 (Bureau of Fire Protection and Bureau of Jail CSC
Management and Penology Professionalization Act of 2004), is J/ CHIEF SUPT to President recommendation of
headed by a Chief who is assisted by two (2) Deputy Chiefs, J/DIRECTOR the Secretary of the
one (1) for Administration and another for Operations, and DILG, with the proper
one (1) Chief of Directorial Staff. endorsement by the
Chairman of the CSC.
All of whom are appointed by the President upon the
recommendation of the Secretary of the Interior and Local Administrative GROUPS
Government from among the qualified officers with the rank Personnel Management Assigned Personnel,
of at least Senior Superintendent in the Jail Bureau. Branch Selection, personnel
reports, individual report
The Chief of the Jail Bureau carries the rank of Director and Records and Statistic Branch Booking sheets, arrest
serves a tour of duty that must not exceed four (4) years, report, statistical data of
unless extended by the President in times of war and other inmates
national emergencies. Property and Supply Branch Charges with supplies
needed in jail
Duties and Responsibilities Budget and Finance Branch Budgeting, financing,
accounting , auditing
WARDEN Mess Service Branch Daily menu, cooks , prepare
Director, Coordination, and Control of the Jail. The office of the foods
warden may organize the following units:
General Service branch Maintenance/ Repair
equipment’s, Beautification
• Intelligence and Investigation Team. of Jail
• Jail Inspectorate Section Mittimus Computing Branch Receive court decision
• Public Relation Office Mittimus is a warrant issued by a
court directing the jail or
ASSISTANT WARDEN prison authorities to receive
• development of a systematic process of treatment. the convicted offender for
• Chairman of the Classification Board and Disciplinary the service of sentence
Board imposed therein or for
detention.
Security Branch Provide custody, security
and control inmates
Escort Section Escort inmate in court or
1:2 penal institution
Security Platoon Security of all jail compound
Gates, guard post and
towers
Jail Manning level
Custodial Ratio 1 :7 ( 1 officer : 7 inmates)
Court room ration 1: 2 (1 inmate : 2 officers)
Escort Ration 1: 1 + 1 (high risk inmate)
Reformation 1 : 24 ( 1 officer : 24 inmates)
Long distance travel Min 3 personnel

Institutional Correction (CA 311)

Mariz P. Balquin, MsCJ
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JAIL ADMISSION PROCEDURES AND CLASSIFICATION OF - Takes all cash and other
INMATES personal properties
(BJMP Manual, 2015 section 21 & 24, p 11-16) from the inmate, lists
them down on a
Section 21. RECEPTION PROCEDURES - A decent and humane receipt form with
program of confinement starts with a systematic reception of duplicate.
inmates for commitment to the BJMP’s jail facilities. The - Keeps all cash and other
following procedures should therefore be observed: valuables of the
Registration Functions inmate in a safety
Process vault
Desk Officer Books the newly committed
Gater a) checks the credentials inmate in the jail
1. Commitment Order; blotter
2. Medical Certificate – recent
medical certificate Assistant Warden - Orients the newly committed
taken within 24 hours or inmates on jail rules
prior to admission; and regulations using
3. Complaint/Information; the Inmate’s
4. Police Booking Sheet; and Orientation Sheet.
5. Certificate of Detention Jail Warden - Coordinates with concerned
from PNP and/or NBI. agencies regarding
the case of inmate for
b) escorts for search and speedy disposition
inspection. and to furnish them
-refers the person to be with copies of the
committed and his or available needed
her escorts to the documents.
Records Unit.
Records Unit - examines the completeness
and authenticity of Jail Programs (Santos, 2016,p. 74-76)
the requirements for
Commitment. Core Programs
- refers the inmate for physical Provision of Basic Needs 3 meals, PDL uniform
examination by the (yellow shirt and brown
Health Unit pants)
Health Unit - Checks the authenticity of Health Services Medical assessment upon
the entries in the admission, health
medical certificate monitoring
- conducts thorough physical Educational Program ALS (Alternative Learning
examination of the System)
inmate to determine All PDL enrolled in the ALS
his or her true earn their respective Time
physical condition Allowance for Teaching,
- If no discrepancy is found Studying and Mentoring
during physical (TASTM) pursuant to RA
examination, the 10592.
inmate shall be Skills Training/Enhancement Technical Education and
referred back to the Program Skills Development
Records Unit Authority (TESDA
Records Unit Receives the inmate and the Skills training for PDL
documents from the Livelihood Program Income generating activities
committing officer Bags, purse etc
and conducts the Jail Unit Welfare and
following: Development Officer
- Start the booking procedures (UWDO)
- Strip-search the inmate to Behavioral Therapeutic Community
check for any birth Mngt/Modification Program Modality Program (TCMP)
marks, tattoos Teach positive thinking,
-Encode the inmate's good decision making
information to the Interfaith Program Practice any religious beliefs
NIMS; Cultural& Sports Programs Promote camaraderie
-Fingerprint and photograph among PDL
the inmate with mug Self -confidence, talents
shot background; Paralegal Program Assist PDL in term of release
-List the names of the visitors Conduct informative
authorized by the seminar about rights of
inmate. inmates
Property -Checks the inmate’s E- Dalaw This service enables the PDL
Custodi belongings for to connect with his/her
an presence of family through a supervised
contraband video call and chat

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Mariz P. Balquin, MsCJ
 8

Support Services Other rules on visitation service:

Human Rights Desk Human rights violation from
PDL, investigation and • Visitors for each inmate should be limited to five (5)
appropriate action persons while those for high-risk inmates should be
Help Desk Providing timely and speedy limited to two (2) persons only, at any given time.
access to government • The visiting time for high-risk inmates is from thirty
services (30) minutes to one (1) hour only, subject to the
Referrals for aftercare Referrals addressed to the discretion of the Jail Warden.
local government units,
non-government Conjugal Visit
organizations and the A male/ female inmate may enjoy conjugal visits from
business sector his/her spouse in prison once a month from Tuesday to Sunday
with the maximum hours of two (2) where there are facilities
therefore under such condition as maybe prescribed by the
Special Program for Vulnerable Groups Director (Revisa et all, 2020, p. 83).

Services for Pregnant PDL
Services for Senior Citizen
PDL and PDL with Disabilities
Services for PDL with other
Special Needs
Mental Health Services
Drug Counseling for PDL
with Substance use Disorder
VISITATION SERVICES, MAIL SERVICES, AND INMATES’
RIGHTS
Visitation Services (BJMP Manual, 2015 section 52, p 85).
Compliance of pre-natal and
post natal care
implementing measures to
protect the senior citizen
PDL and PDL with disabilities
from discrimination
LGBT community maybe
segregated from the general
population in terms of
housing to prevent potential
mistreatments
preventive mental health
aimed at reducing incidence
of mental health disorders
and developing positive
coping mechanisms are
provided to all PDL
Katatagan Kontra Droga sa
Komunidad (KKDK)
24 modules (18 mods for
group and 6 mods for fam)
Mail Services (BJMP Manual, 2015 section 53, p 86).
.
• The designated jail staff shall collect the inmates’
mail matters daily, Monday through Friday.
Rights of Inmates (BJMP Manual, 2015 section 63, p 99).
• The right to be treated as a human being, and not to
be subjected to corporal punishment;
• The right to be informed of the regulations governing
the detention center;
• The right to adequate food, space and ventilation,
rest and recreation;
• The right to avail himself/herself of medical, dental
and other health services;
• The right to be visited anytime by his/her counsel,
immediate family members, medical doctor or priest
or religious minister chosen by him or by his
immediate family or by his counsel;
• The right to practice his/her religious beliefs and
moral precepts;
• The right to vote unless disqualified by law;
• The right to separate detention facilities or cells
particularly for women inmates; and
• If a foreigner, the right to communicate with his/her
embassy or consulate.

• Visiting days are from Tuesday to Sunday only. Treatment of Special Needs or Unusual Offenders (BJMP
Monday is a non-visiting day . Manual, 2015 section 34, p 6-31).
• Visiting hours will be from 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. Female Separated from male
from Tuesday to Friday. Female personnel
• During Saturday and Sunday, visiting hours is from No male allowed
8:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon and from 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 Drug user/alcoholics Segregated during
p.m. but no visitor shall be allowed to visit in the withdrawal
afternoon if he/she has already visited in the Attend psychiatrist
morning. Close supervision
• Exempted from the provisions on the limitations on Mentally- ill Should be transferred to
days and visiting hours are lawyers or medical doctors mental institution
especially when the inmate needs immediate medical Close supervision
attention. LGBT Segregate to others to
prevent maltreatment
Who may be allowed visits: Sex offenders Prevent them from taking
advantage of other inmates;
• Any member of his immediate family Suicidal Inmates Attempted to commit
• any medical doctor or priest or religious minister suicide must be transferred
• his counsel (lawyer); to a government psychiatric
• any national non-governmental organization Maintain close supervision
• personnel from the Commission on Human Rights over suicidal inmates
(CHR) Sex Deviates Homosexuals should be
segregated immediately
Escape – Prone Inmates Escape-prone inmates
should be held in the most
secure quarters,
cTelephone calls must be
restricted
Institutional Correction (CA 311)
Mariz P. Balquin, MsCJ
 9

Inmates’ w/ Disability Inmates with disability Inmates Counts

should be segregated and • It is imperative that at specified times during each 24-
closely supervised to protect hour period, all inmates are physically counted.
them from maltreatment • Conduct regular count of inmates at least five to six
CICL subjected to a thorough (5-6) times within a 24-hour period
physical examination • The count must be accurate.
Separate detention • Refrain from conducting a count on the basis of only
Intervention with DSWD having seen any part of his clothing, hair or shoes;
Senior Citizen Inmates Senior citizen inmates • If the total jail count does not tally with the total jail
should be made to do tasks population at any given time, conduct another count.
deemed fit and appropriate • Render an immediate report to the warden and/or
Infirm Inmates with contagious diseases assistant warden (officer of the day) relative to any
must be segregated unaccounted inmate.
provide with appropriate
medication and utmost
care. SECURITY PROCEDURES
Pregnant Inmates Pre-natal examination
During Meal Service (BJMP Manual, 2015 section 37-38, p 6-
36).
Custody, Security and Control of Prisoners (BJMP Manual,
2015 section 35-36, p 6-31). • Security must be considered in serving food inside the
cells/quarters. A jail officer should not enter the
Security and Control of Prisoners inmates’ quarters to distribute food unless another
officer is available to handle the keys and control the
• An established security perimeter. entrance door.
• Operational closed circuit televisions (CCTV) • As a general precaution, individual mess utensils of
• two-way communication system inmates shall be made of plastic;
• Each newly admitted inmate shall be thoroughly • Inmates should march in columns of two’s
searched for weapons • Designate a roving supervisor to handle any
• Conduct surprise searches at least once a week; disturbances or settle complaints;
• Maintain a key control center for storing keys that is • After every meal, all utensils used by the inmates
inaccessible to inmates and unauthorized persons should be collected
• Inmates shall be prohibited from handling jail • Check and account for all forks, spoons and other
security keys; kitchen utensils after every meal.
• There shall be one (1) full set of duplicate keys,
• Continuous inspection and maintenance of all locks. Greyhound Force (BJMP Manual,p 82-84.)
Replace locks as often as possible and neve
• Never allow any personnel with Never allow inmates • Refers to the operation conducted by the BJMP
in the workplace of personnel or in areas where wherein a prisoner maybe checked at any time
firearms are authorized; and • It aims to eliminate in all BJMP manned facilities any
• Secure firearms and anti-riot equipment form of contrabands
• must be inventoried and tested at least quarterly • All regions should create a Greyhound Force whose
• stored in a locked area which is secure and located composition shall be in accordance with BJMP
outside the inmate’s area. Manual on Operation Greyhound and SOP on Control
• Conduct daily inspections of Contraband and Physical Evidence.
• Conduct regular count of inmates at least five to six • This way, surprise major greyhound operation in all
(5-6) times within a 24-hour period jails to be spearheaded by the Regional Director or
• Prohibit inmate’s visitor to stay inside jail premises Assistant Regional Director for Operations may
• Inmates shall be supervised at all times whenever launched anytime.
they are outside their cells;
• Never allow any personnel under the influence of Contraband
intoxicating beverage to enter the jail • any article, item, or thing prohibited by law and/or
• Never allow a jail officer to render successive shifts of forbidden by jail rules that would pose as security
duty except in cases of emergencies; hazards or endanger the lives of inmates.
• Never allow jail personnel to open inmates quarters
alone. At least one (1) other jail officer should be • Illegal contraband - unlawful in itself and not because
present and guarding the gate; of some extraneous circumstance (i.e. dangerous
drugs, weapons, potential weapons, explosives)
Duties of Custodial Force
• Merely prohibited and nuisance contraband - are
• Supervise and maintain order and discipline of those that may not be classified as illegal under the
inmates law but are forbidden by jail rules.(i.e. cellphone,
• Censor offender’s mail; money or other commodities of exchange such as
• Inspect security devices; jewelry, appliances and gadgets, excessive wearing
• Maintain inner and outer perimeter security; apparels and sleeping paraphernalia, intoxicating
liquors, cigarettes, pornographic materials, gambling
• Escort inmates to court
paraphernalia and other products that are considered
• Inform the Warden of any emergency case;
vices)
• Keep and maintain records of the inmates;

Institutional Correction (CA 311)

Mariz P. Balquin, MsCJ

Duties and Responsibilities
Ground Commander All orders concerning troop
movements will emanate
from him
Team Leader Sub- groups or teams that
make up every task group
will each have its designated
team leader.
Direct hand in overseeing
the movements of the
elements of his team
He shall regularly inform the
ground commander about
the status operation
Asst. Team leader He shall take custody of the
personal belongings of the
operatives.
Operation Group
Security team Ensure security in the
operation
Secure he perimeter
Secure holding area of
inmates
Contraband Search and Task for searching and
Seizure Teams checking quarters
Team Supervisor directly oversee the
inspection of each cell.
making sure that all items
confiscated are properly
documented, tagged and
turned-over to the
contraband custodian
Searching Elements Search and seizure of
contraband and removal
Inmate representative made to witness the
operation must come from
the cell
Friskers
Friskers of personnel designated to frisk inmates
and cell searchers
Friskers of inmates all inmates lined up and
frisked before sending them
to the holding area
Strip Searching in charge to have inmates stripped n
search for contraband
to coordinate with the legal
services group
FIRE PREVENTION
• Fire extinguishers shall be placed in proximity
• Empty drums and cans shall be filled with water/sand
• Keys to emergency shall be accessible to the guards
on duty.
• Portable floodlights shall available
• Government equipment shall be marked with tags or
symbols
Emergency Plans (Delizo, 2013,p.19-21)
• In case of fire or conflagration
• Fire crews should be organized, consisting of trained
personnel.
• Immediately respond to the scene to put off the fire.
• Special group of inmates may be selected to form
another group
• Given specific assignments on what to do in case of
fire or conflagration.
• sound a pre-arrange alarm.
Institutional Correction (CA 311)
Mariz P. Balquin, MsCJ
10
• The desk officer or the officer in charge of the key
distribute the keys to the responsible personnel
concerned.
• Government records shall be evacuated to a safe
• First aid shall be administered to injured inmates
During Riots and Violent Disturbances
• Lock inmates to proper quarter.
• If during visitor’s period, all visitors shall be
immediately ushered out for security.
• Lines for emergency calls shall be checked for
readiness.
• Armorer should make immediate preparation for
anti-riot equipment.
In Case of Escapes or Jailbreaks
• When a jailbreak, control center shall immediately
sound the alarm.
• At the first sound of alarm, all prisoners shall be
locked
• The desk officer or shall issue firearms to member of
the custodial force
• A simultaneous institution wide count shall be made
• If the identities of the escapees have been
established, flashed to all units of the district, station
or sub-district and the police HQ shall be notified.
• Radio station, TV station and other news media shall
also be notified for public information
• Recovery teams shall be formed to proceed to all
possible hideouts.
• Immediately issued firearms and assigned to critical
posts to plug of the escapees’ route.
• If any officer or member shall be held as hostage,
reasonable caution to insure the safety of the
hostage.
• If the warden taken as the hostage, next in command
or the most senior officer present shall assume the
command.
MOVEMENT AND TRANSFER OF INMATES
(BJMP Manual, 2015 section 40, p 6-38- 39).
When May An Inmate Be Brought Out of Jail
• To appear, as witness before any court of justice or
prosecutor’s office during preliminary investigation,
arraignment or hearing of a criminal case;
• To appear as witness in any investigation or formal
inquiry being conducted by a government agency;
• To view the remains of a deceased relative within the
second degree of affinity or consanguinity;
o 3 days before the request of viewing should
present Death cert and certificate indicated
the relationship of the deceased
o Map sketch of the house
o 30 km distant only
o Visit only in daylight
o Allowed only 3 hours
• To undergo medical examination or treatment in a
hospital or clinic.
o inmate must be immediately taken to the
nearest hospital upon recommendation of
the health officer.
o Notify the regional director and the court
concerned within six (6) hours
o High-risk/high-profile transfer to a better
secured jail.

Rules for the Transfer of Inmates (BJMP Manual, 2015 section
42, p 41- 48).
A. General Precautions
• Not discuss with the inmate the transportation plans
• Inmates shall be notified and shall not be allowed to
make any phone call;
• only be made during daytime;
• Long distance transport of one (1) or more inmates
shall be escorted by a minimum of three (3) escort
personnel
• I Jail Intelligence Unit shall serve covert security and
shall conduct road scanning
• The most direct and shortest route to the destination
• Using rented vehicle shall not be allowed
• Team leader must be equipped with a two-way radio
and/or a mobile phone;
• Escort personnel are justified in using deadly force to
protect themselves
• In case of an accident while en route, escort
personnel shall secure and observe the inmates inside
the vehicle
• If communication is not possible, escort personnel
may flag down any motorist
• The driver shall not leave the vehicle while in
The following basic security precautions shall be observed
during transport of inmates:
• Do not allow inmates to tinker with the handcuff;
• Regard all inmates being transported as extremely
dangerous;
• Adjust the cuffs properly for tightness
• Escort personnel shall be extra careful not to sit, stand
or walk next to an inmate while carrying a gun
• No stopping along the highway
• Keep inmates in sight at all times;
• While in court premises, firearms shall be unloaded.
• However, when escorting the inmate to and from the
vehicle, the same shall be properly loaded with
ammunitions;
• Exercise good judgment as unexpected events
• Never stop for a disabled motorist
• Avoid interfering with road incidences
Special Concerns
Illness En Route
• If an inmate becomes gravely ill while en route make
arrangement for a medical examination at the
nearest government hospital or medical facility
• The escort personnel shall contact the Chief Escort or
Officer of the Day for further instruction; and
• Should some escort personnel becomes ill during
transport, the escort shall secure the inmate/s in a
nearest jail/police station and immediately notify the
Chief Escort or Officer of the Day.
Escape
• If an inmate escapes during transport, the escort
personnel shall exhaust all means possible to
immediately apprehend the inmate;
• If more than one (1) inmate is being transported, at
least one (1) personnel shall remain with the inmates
still in custody;
Institutional Correction (CA 311)
Mariz P. Balquin, MsCJ
11
• The escort personnel shall notify the nearest law
enforcement unit and the Chief Escort as soon as
possible;
• Personnel shall remain in the vicinity of the place
where escape happened to assist local law
enforcement units; and
• If an escape or attempted escape has transpired in a
public place, escort personnel shall not fire warning
shots.
During Meals
• Escort personnel shall provide all meals and drinks en
route with packed meals and drinks;
• Inmate meals shall be served in the transport vehicle;
• The inmate shall be kept in restraint at all times;
Restroom Breaks
• If possible, escort personnel shall coordinate
restroom breaks with the nearest local law
enforcement units or jail facilities;
• In case of emergency stop, escort personnel should
avoid congested areas; and
• Escort personnel must inspect emergency stop areas
before entry and
• always keep the inmate under visual supervision
without removing the restraint.
Contact to the Public
• Escort personnel shall maintain low profile and shall
avoid public contact while in a company of an inmate
• Inmates shall not be allowed to make any phone call
• Unauthorized person shall not be allowed to get near
the inmate.
• No media interview shall be allowed for the inmate
and/or escort personnel.
INMATE DISCIPLINE
Prohibited Acts Subject to Disciplinary Action (BJMP Manual,
2015 section 30, p 21-24).
Minor Offenses:
• Selling or bartering with fellow inmate(s) those items
not classified as contraband;
• Rendering personal service to fellow inmate(s);
• Untidy or dirty personal appearance;
• Littering or failing
• Making groundless complaints;
• Reporting complaints on behalf of other inmates;
• Reporting late for inmate formation and inmate
headcount without justifiable reasons; and
• Willful waste of food.
Less Grave Offenses:
• Failure to report for work detail without sufficient
justification;
• Failure to render assistance to an
• Failure to assist in putting out fires inside the jail;
• Behaving improperly religious, social functions;
• Defamatory language directed at other persons;
• Pretending to be sick to skip work assignment;
• Spreading malicious of any person, particularly BJMP
personnel;

• Failure to stand at attention and give due respect
when confronted
• Forcing fellow inmates to render personal service to
him/her and/or to others;
• Exchanging uniforms
• Loitering or being in an unauthorized place;
• Using the telephone without authority
• Writing, defacing, or drawing on walls, floors or any
furniture or equipment;
• Withholding information, which may prejudicial to
the jail administration;
• pornographic literature and/or photographs;
• Absence from cell, brigade, place of work during
headcount,
• Failure to turn over any after work detail.
Grave Offenses:
• Making untruthful statements
• Concealing keys or locks of places in the jail which are
off-limits to inmates;
• Giving gifts, selling, or bartering items with jail
personnel;
• Keeping in communication devices as contraband
under the rules;
• Tattooing others or allowing him/her to be tattooed
• Extorting money from fellow inmates and visitors;
• Inflicting injury upon himself or other inmates;
• Receiving, keeping drinking liquor and drugs;
• Keeping any kind of deadly weapon;
• Withholding information on plans of attempted
escapes;
• Escaping, attempting or planning to escape from the
institution or from any guard;
• Helping others to escape;
• Agitating to cause such disturbance or riot;
• Indecent, immoral, or lascivious acts
• Willful disobedience to a lawful order issued by any
BJMP personnel;
• Assaulting any BJMP personnel;
• Damaging any government property or equipment;
• Participating in kangaroo court
• Affiliating with any gang
• Failing to inform the authorities concerned when
afflicted with any communicable disease
Board of Discipline and Its Functions (BJMP Manual, 2015
section 25-27, p 18-21).
A disciplinary board shall be organized and
maintained for the purpose of hearing disciplinary cases
involving any inmate who violates jail rules and regulations.
Chairperson - Assistant Warden
Member - Chief, Custodial/Security Office
Member - Medical Officer/Public Health Officer
Member - Jail Chaplain
Member - Inmates Welfare and Development Officer
Member - Inmates’ Representative
The Board is tasked to investigate the facts of an alleged
misconduct referred to it. It shall hold sessions as often as
necessary in a room, which may be provided for the purpose.
All cases referred to it shall be heard and decided within forty-
eight (48) hours from the date of receipt of the case.
Institutional Correction (CA 311)
Mariz P. Balquin, MsCJ
12
The Board is authorized to impose any of the following
disciplinary ACTIONS/MEASURES:
1. For Detainees:
• Admonition or verbal reprimand;
• Restitution or reparation;
• Temporary or permanent cancellation of all or some
recreational privileges;
• Reduction of visiting time;
• Close confinement in a cell for a period not exceeding
seven (7) days in any calendar month
• Transfer to another BJMP jail in the area, in
coordination with the Court.
2. For Prisoners:
• Admonition or verbal reprimand;
• Restitution or reparation;
• Temporary or permanent cancellation of all or some
recreational privileges;
• Reduction of visiting time;
• Close confinement in a cell for a period not exceeding
seven (7) days in any calendar month
• Transfer to another BJMP jail in the area, in
coordination with the Court.
• Suspension of visiting privileges for a period not
exceeding one (1) month
• Permanent cancellation of visiting privileges
• In addition to the above-mentioned punishment, the
disciplinary board may recommend to the warden
partial or full forfeiture of good conduct time
allowance (GCTA) to be earned for a particular month
and subsequent months depending upon the gravity
of the offense.
Hearing of Disciplinary Cases (BJMP Manual, 2015 section 29,
p22).
The following procedures shall be followed in the hearing of
disciplinary cases:
Step 1 Aggrieved inmate should report to desk
officer
2 Submit report to warden and within 24 hours
conduct investigation
3 Warden shall evaluate the report if there is
sufficient grounds/evidence
4 Sufficient exists, impose penalty for minor
offense
5 If less or grave, endorse to disciplinary board
6 The inmate shall inform to pleads the charge,
if he admits, impose disciplinary action
7 If denies, summary hearing will be held
8 After the hearing, the board shall decide with
the merits of the case as bases
9 Decisions of the Board are subject to review
and approval by the warden whose decision
should be final and executory.

PENAL PROVISION ON CORRECTIONS
General Laws Governing the Administration and
Management of prisons and jails in the Philippines (Delizo
2013 ,p.25-28)
Art 124, RPC 12 hours – light penalties
Delay in the delivery of 18 hours – correctional
detained persons to the penalties
proper Judicial authorities 36 hours- capital penalties
Delaying Release
(committed by a public
officer who delays for the
period specified in Art 125)
Arbitrary Detention a) Commission of
[committed when the crime
detention of a person is b) Violent insanity or
without legal ground.] other ailment requiring
compulsory requirement
Art. 156. Delivery of -help the escape of such
prisoners from jails. person
- Arresto Mayor - shall help the escape of
- Prison Correctionl such person, by means of
violence, intimidation, or
bribery.
Criminal Liability of Jail Personnel
Art. 223. Conniving with or Any public officer who shall
consenting to evasion consent to the escape of a
(Prison Correctional) prisoner in his custody or
charge
Art. 224. Evasion through If the evasion of the prisoner
negligence shall have taken place
- Arresto mayor through the negligence of
- Prison correctional officer in charge
Art. 225. Escape of prisoner
under the custody of a
person not a public officer
Other offenses or Irregularities by Public Officers
Art 235. Maltreatment of Any public officer inflicts
prisoners. punishment not authorized
- Arresto mayor by the regulations, or
- Prison correctional punishment in a cruel and
humiliating manner
If the purpose of the
maltreatment is to extort a
confession the offender
shall be punished by prision
correccional in its minimum
period
temporary special
disqualification and a
fine not exceeding 500
pesos, in addition to his
liability for the physical
injuries or damage caused.
Institutional Correction (CA 311)
Mariz P. Balquin, MsCJ
13
CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF INMATES/ CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF
INMATES IN CASE OF ESCAPE OR EVASION OF SENTENCE
Evasion of services of sentence (Art 157-159, RPC)
Art. 157. Evasion of service convict who shall evade
of sentence. service of his sentence by
-Prision Correcional escaping during the term of
his imprisonment
increase of 1/5 of the time
Art. 158. Evasion of service remaining to be served
of sentence on disorder,
conflagrations,
earthquakes, or other
calamities
Grant of Good Conduct Time Allowance (GCTA) and
Special Time Allowance (STA) under the
Revised Penal Code
The good conduct or behavior of any prisoner
shall entitle him to the following deductions from
the period of his sentence:
Years of Confinement days of Deductions/Month
First two (2) years 5 days
Third to fifth year 8 days
Following years to 10 days
tenth year
Eleventh and 15 days
successive
years
Special Time Allowance for Loyalty
- A deduction of one fifth (1/5) of the period of his
sentence shall be granted to a prisoner who having
evaded the service of his sentence gives himself up to
the authorities within 48 hours following the issuance
of proclamation announcing the passing away of a
calamity of catastrophe.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 10592
AN ACT AMENDING ARTICLES 29, 94, 97, 98 AND
99 OF ACT NO. 3815, AS AMENDED, OTHERWISE
KNOWN AS THE REVISED PENAL CODE
Section 3. Article 97 of the same Act is hereby
further amended to read as follows:
1. "ART. 97. Allowance for good conduct. – The
good conduct of any offender qualified for
credit for preventive imprisonment pursuant
to Article 29 of this Code, or of any convicted
prisoner in any penal institution,
rehabilitation or detention center or any
other local jail shall entitle him to the
following deductions from the period of his
sentence:
 14

first 2 years 20 days for 2. Santos, Gelbertson B.,LLB (2016). Handbook

each Correctional Institution.
month
3 - 5 years 23 days 3. Apela, R., et all (2019). Comprehensive
10 years 25 days Correctional Administration handbook with
Therapeutic Modalities. Published and distributed
11 years up 30 days
by Wisemans Books Trading, INC.
teaching or mentoring 15 days
service time 4. Revisa, Villaluz, Panganoron (2020). Institutional
rendered. Correction with addendum on Act NO. 4103:
Instructional manual for Criminology Students.
Section 4. Article 98 of the same Act is hereby further Published and distributed by Wisemans Books
amended to read as follows: Trading, INC.

1. "ART. 98. Special time allowance for loyalty. – A 5. Guerrero, Brian B. (2019). Introduction to Philippine
deduction of one fifth of the period of his Criminal Justice System. Published and distributed by
sentence shall be granted to any prisoner who, Wisemans Books Trading, INC.
having evaded his preventive imprisonment or
the service of his sentence under the 6. BJMP Comprehensive Operations Manual 2015
circumstances mentioned in Article 158 of this Edition
Code, gives himself up to the authorities within
48 hours following the issuance of a 7. RDC Manual 2005
proclamation announcing the passing away of
the calamity or catastrophe referred to in said 8. Revised Penal Code (Art. 125, Art 157-159, Art.
article. 223-225 and Art. 97)
2. A deduction of two-fifths of the period of his
sentence shall be granted in case said prisoner 9. RA 10575
chose to stay in the place of his confinement
notwithstanding the existence of a calamity or 10. Ra 9263
catastrophe enumerated in Article 158 of this
Code. 11. www.bucor.gov.ph

This Article shall apply to any prisoner whether 12. www.bjmp.gov.ph

undergoing preventive imprisonment or serving
sentence."

Reference:

1. Delizo, Darlito Bernard., PhD (2013 1st Edition).

Correctional Administration: textbook and
Review materials. Published by Prudence
Research & Review Center, Baguio City
Philippines.

Institutional Correction (CA 311)

Mariz P. Balquin, MsCJ