Welcome to

21st Century Literature

from the Philippines and
the World
With Teacher

jermelyn gabertan-esteybar
 Module 1:
Geographic, Linguistic and Ethnic
Dimensions of Philippine Literary
History from Pre-Colonial to the
Contemporary

 Module 2:
Conventional and 21st Century
Genres

 LITERARY GENRES
POETRY- is an imaginative awareness of experience expressed
through meaning, sound, and rhythmic language choices to
evoke an emotional response.

DRAMA- is a composition in prose or verse presented in dialogue

or pantomime a story involving conflict with more contrast of
character, especially on intended to be acted on a stage: a play.
 LITERARY GENRES
FICTION- is literature created from the imagination, not presented
as fact, though it may be based on a true story or situation. Types
of literature in the fiction include the novel, short story and
novella.

NON-FICTION- is based on facts and the author’s opinion about a

subject. The purpose of non-fiction writing is to inform and
sometimes to persuade. Its examples are biographies, articles
from textbooks and magazines and newspapers.
 LITERARY GENRES
MANGA -Japanese word for comics. It is used in the English-
speaking world as a generic term for all comic books and
graphic novels originally published in Japan.

DOODLE FICTION
• Literary presentation where the author incorporates doodle
writing, drawings and handwritten graphics in place of the
traditional font.
 LITERARY GENRES
TEXT-TALK NOVELS - Blogs, email and IM format narratives
. Stories told almost entirely in dialogue simulating social
network exchanges

CHICK LIT or CHICK LITERATURE

• Is genre fiction which addresses issues of modern
womanhood, often humorously and lightheartedly.
 LITERARY GENRES
SIX-WORD FLASH FICTION
• Ernest Hemingway: For sale: baby socks, never worn.
• Margaret Atwood: Longed for him. Got him, Shit.

SCIENCE FICTION
• Is a genre of speculative fiction dealing with imaginative concepts
such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel,
faster than light travel, a parallel universe and extra-terrestrial life.
 LITERARY GENRES
BLOG
• A weblog, a website containing short articles called
posts that are changed regularly.

HYPER POETRY
• Digital poetry that uses links and hypertext mark-up
 Module 3:
Context and Text’s Meaning

CONTEXT
Context originates from the notion of
weaving together. It is defined as the
circumstances that form the setting of
events, statements, or ideas and in the way
in which it can be fully understood and
assessed.
CONTEXT
Reading a literary piece may contribute to
the production of the author and the
reception of the reader as they appreciate
and explore.
CONTEXT
The writer's context is knowing about the
writer's life, values, assumptions, gender,
race, race, sexual orientation, and the
political and economic issues related to the
author.
CONTEXT
Reader's context is about the
reader's previous reading
experience, values, assumptions,
political and economic issues
CONTEXT
The text's context is about its
publishing history. It is part of the
larger text such as newspapers,
history, and events, translated into
it.
CONTEXT
Social context and socio-cultural
of a text feature the society in
which the characters live and in
which the author's text was
produced.
 Imagery

is creating a picture in the reader's

mind by using words that

appeal to the senses. There are types

of Imagery that are used in this
module. (Menoy 2016))

 Imagery
1 2 3

VISUAL KINESTHETIC
MAKEUP IMAGERY IS AUDITORY IMAGERY
PRODUCED BY THE PRODUCED BY THE IMAGERY IS
BEAUTY
EYESHADOW PRODUCED BY THE
USE
LIPSTICKOF WORDS USE OF WORDS
BLUSH USE OF WORDS THAT
THAT
EYELINER APPEAL TO THAT APPEAL TO
APPEAL TO
THE THE
THE ACTIONS AND
SENSE OF SIGHT. SENSE OF HEARING. MOVEMENT.

Literary Techniques are methods the author

or writer of a literary piece used to convey
what they want to impart to the reader, such
as Flashback where the events have taken
place before the present time the narration
is following.
 Padre Faura Witness The Execution of
Rizal
Author: Danton Remoto

I stand on the roof

(Poetry)

A blur
Of the Ateneo municipal,
Shivering
Instead, he asked

purgatory
me about Between the soldiers
With their Mausers raised
(His cheeks still

ruddy And the early morning’s
On this December morning.
From the sudden sun Star:
Months ago,
After the bitter winter Still shimmering
Pepe came to me
And on this day Even if millions of miles away,
In the observatory.
With the years beginning to turn, The star itself
I thought we would talk
Salt things my eyes. Is already dead
About the stars
I see Pepe, In Europe
That do not collide

In the sky:

 What’s More
Multiple Choice. Read each question. Choose and write the letter of the best
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Who was Fr. F. Faura to Jose Rizal?
a. His godfather
b. His uncle
c. His teacher
d. His friend
2. What was the nickname given to Jose Rizal mentioned in the poem?
a. Star
b. Mauser
c. Ruddy
d. Pepe
3. Why Padre Faura expected that they would talk about the stars?
a. Because Padre Faura worked in the observatory
b. Because Pepe was a star
c. Because Pepe just arrived from Europe
d. Because Pepe was fascinated in the observatory
4. Why Padre Faura was in the observatory when Pepe visited him?
a. It was the only place where they could talk.
b. He was in-charged in the observatory.
c. The observatory was near the Ateneo De Manila
d. The observatory was near Bagunbayan.
5. Why instead of stars, Pepe asked about purgatory to Padre Faura?
a. Pepe was interested in the after-life.
b. Padre Faura was sick.
c. Pepe was hopeless
d. Pepe was about to be executed
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. D
What I know
 Earnest wish
by Lydia S. Villanueva
I will I will
Count the multitude of stars Tend the garden
The leaves in all the branches Rearrange the stones in a pile
The flock of birds perched in the Weed the grass in the field
loft Harvest the fruits in season
The blades of grass in the meadow And do again all of these.
And the cogon flowers in the air.

Let us
I will Bring the front liners back home
Listen to the sound of breeze Fight the unforeseen enemy
To the rustling of leaves Help the new beginning
To the chirping of birds Contribute to the humanity
To the buzzing of the bees Flatten the curve
To the flapping of butterfly’s wings. Stay at home!
 Multitude
Visual
Auditory
Kinestethic
 Understanding the
context
Directions: Look at each picture below. Write what
event happened in each picture and how do you
feel about it.
 Finding the purpose
1. What was the situation when the author wrote this
poem?
2. How did the author present the events in the poem?
3. How did the author present her willingness to attain
her fervent wish?
4. What nearly impossible things or difficult tasks the
author was willing to do?
5. What do you think was the main reason why the
author wrote this piece?
 All about me!
Draw a situation

in your life that

makes you memorable.
Write a short
description of this experience.

Assessment!