evision for Oral Communication

1. According to Camp & Satterwhite (2002), there are four main purposes in

communication:
(i)

To inquire This involves obtaining information in various ways, for instance, by asking questions or through formulating questionnaires. To inform This entails the dissemination of information using different channels of communication. To persuade This aims to influence people and bring them round to your way of thinking. To develop goodwill This involves maintaining and forming cordial and harmonious relationships with people you are communicating.CH 1.2

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

2. Contexts according to Joseph Devito (2009) refers to (i) Context p.4

All communication takes place within a context that includes at least four sub-contexts: a. Physical The real environment in which communication takes place, e.g. a classroom, lecture hall, office, a public place. b. Social-psychological For example, the status/relationship among the senders and receivers, the roles and communication games that people play, cultural rules and the friendliness/unfriendliness or formality/informality of the situation.
c. Temporal

The time context in which communication takes place like the time of day or night, as well as historical time, e.g. 20th or 21st century.
d. Cultural

The values, behaviour and beliefs of the society.

3. Is the linear model suitable when giving a speech to a group of prospective

clients? Explain. communication as a one-way or linear process in which the speaker speaks and the listener listens. One-way process where speakers only speak and never listen. It also implies that listeners listen and never speak or send messages.
4. Techniques to improve active listening skills p.23

i. Paraphrasing the speakers message and ideas, using simpler words without changing the meaning. ii. Identifying your weaknesses, e.g. are you hearing-impaired, mentally unprepared, or easily distracted? iii. Preparing yourself mentally and physically to listen, using various listening strategies, e.g. the Memory Helper. iv. Setting priorities, e.g. what are the important things you want to listen to? 5. Why we need good oral communication skills p.29 Make you a more effective communicator as you will be able to influence and persuade people. - Beneficial for you at a personal level as well as socially and professionally Building Friendships- share information, thoughts, feelings, needs and intentions Knowledge Acquisition acquire knowledge more effectively Developing Workplace Competencies interacting with customers and suppliers 6. Roles of speaker and listener p.31 ensuring that effective communication takes place, the speaker is the sender of the message while the listener is the receiver.

(Camp & Satterwhite, 2002). i. Evaluate the Situation is clear about his own views and interpretation of ideas and experiences. a. Avoid Miscommunication p.31 the intended message, actual message, and interpreted message are the same b. Give and Receive Feedback observe signals given out by the listener and asks questions p.31 c. Maintain Goodwill listener accepts and receives the speakers message with an open mind ii. Understand Needs fulfill your own needs as well as the needs of the receiver of your message p.32
2

iii.Use Interpersonal Skills 7. Techniques to help you develop good interpersonal skills p.33 Make You-Statements- you put the interests of your receiver Have A Positive Attitude - developing good relationships with others Be A Good Listener- listen intently, taking notes, paraphrasing and asking questions Keep Things Confidential and knows the importance of keeping information confid Be Considerate Treat people well
8. Interference in communication p.36

i. ii. iii. iv.

Physical interference-external and outside the control of both the speaker and the receiver Physiological interference- physiological challenges on the part of the speaker or the receiver Psychological interference- mental makeup of the receiver or sender, Semantic interference- include language, dialectal and cultural differences, the speaker and listener operate on different meaning systems

9.

Briefly explain the Interactive model of communication. Interactive i. the receiver or listener provides feedback to the sender or speaker. ii. the speaker or sender of the message also listens to the feedback given by the receiver or listener. iii. Both the speaker and the listener take turns to speak and listen to each other. iv. Feedback is given either verbally or non-verbally, or in both ways. v. indicates that the speaker and listener communicate better if they have common fields of experience, or fields which overlap. 10. Briefly explain the transactional model of communication.
-

The elements in communication are interdependent. Each person in the communication act is both a speaker and a listener, and can be simultaneously sending and receiving messages.

(i) Transactional means that communication is an ongoing and continuously

changing process. (You, the people with whom you are communicating, and your environment are also continually changing.)
(ii) Each element exists in relation to all the other elements. Interdependence as there

can be no source without a receiver and no message without a source.

(iii) Each person in the communication process reacts depending on factors such as

their background, prior experiences, attitudes, cultural beliefs and self-esteem.

3

11. State the different forms of communication. i. Intrapersonal Communication self-talk or a conversation within oneself under certain circumstances(for example, when you need to make an important decision or learn something about yourself). a form of thinking that goes on inside us which relies on language to express itself. (It is similar to the Shakespearean soliloquy where the character in question engages in self-talk to reflect on events that have transpired). increases self-awareness and mindfulness, and hones critical thinking skills. ii. Interpersonal Communication p.13 - communication between several people. - range from the impersonal to the very personal. iii. Impersonal communication p.13 - when you talk with a person you do not really care about - there is often a coldness or an indifference in your attitude when you engage in this kind of communication. iv. Social communication p.13 - engage in niceties with people you meet in a social context. - most personal type of communication occurs with people who are close to you. - Takes place face to face as well as through electronic channels like videoconferencing, chat rooms, e-mail and Twitter. v. Small Group Communication p.14 takes place in a group serves relationship needs (like companionship, family bonding and affection or support) as well as task-based needs, for example, deciding on disciplinary action or resolving conflict in the workplace. small groups In academic institutions for study discussions or work collaboratively on projects. learn to exchange ideas, solve problems and share experiences.

vi. Public Communication p.14 Involves communication between a speaker and an audience. audience from just a few people to thousands or even millions of people.
4

The aim of the speaker is usually to inform or to persuade the audience to act, buy, or think in a certain way.

vii.

Mass Communication p.15 - sent out from a source to many receivers all over the world. - takes place through media like films, radio, videos and television. - modern avenues of mass communication like the Internet and blogs as information is disseminated instantly. Corporate Communication p.15 among members of an organisation, within that organisation. Interacting in teams, conferencing with co-workers, talking with a supervisor or manager, giving employees Involves explanations and directions, interviewing and making presentations Effective corporate communication skills enhance corporate image and impact positively on morale, commitment, and productivity in corporations. Intercultural Communication p.15 - between people of diverse cultures and ethnicity. - The world as a global village and every country has people of various ethnicities. - note differences in the communication practices of different cultures to maintain intercultural harmony and understanding. 12. List the components of effective listening. i. Receiving/listening ii. Understanding iii. Remembering iv. Evaluating v. Responding 13. What is the difference between regulative and constitutive rules? when, where, how and with whom to have a conversation (eg turn-taking when talking with someone.) define what communication means by showing the meaning of symbols used in communication.

viii.

ix.

14. Briefly explain active and passive listening.

Active listening( p.23) involves a higher level of concentration to obtain information while passive listening( p.23) refers to listening passively, at a low level of concentration and absorbing the minimum number of words and not pay full attention. 15. List down the techniques to improve active listening skills. Techniques to improve active listening skills ( p.23) include d. Paraphrasing the speakers message and ideas, using simpler words without changing the meaning. e. Identifying your weaknesses, e.g. are you hearing-impaired, mentally unprepared, or easily distracted? f. Preparing yourself mentally and physically to listen, using various listening strategies, e.g. the Memory Helper. g. Setting priorities, e.g. what are the important things you want to listen to?

16. What are the 5 levels of human needs according to Maslow?

(a)

Physical Needs which include basic needs like food, clothing, and shelter and needs must be satisfied before receivers can think of other things. Security Needs , the desire for a safe and secure environment that is free from physical harm and emotional or mental abuse. Social Needs- to have a sense of belonging and be part of a group and are satisfied by being part of a family, social circle or workforce. Esteem Needs which are actualised through feelings of self-worth, self-respect, prestige, power and recognition. Self-Actualisation Needs, the higher level needs which are met through a sense of achievement and helping other people realise their goals.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

17.

Match the following phrases with the correct function. Phrases That may be true, but I give up. I just dont see it that way. In my opinion v. What are your thoughts about ? vi. No, we shall not do it that way. vii. Can we do it another
6

Functions a. Asking for opinion b. Expressing a view. c. Conceding in the end. d. Negotiating e. Conceding a point and continuing a discussion f. Ending the discussion without conceding.

way? viii. I hate to see this but you are right.

18.

Explain how a person can build confidence in Public Speaking

i.

Change the way you think by being positive, plan thoroughly and visualize

positively.
ii.

Systematic desensitisation by focusing on reducing physical symptoms and being more relaxed. Skills training that is training in public speaking, teaching you to organise ideas, prepare and deliver speeches Relaxation techniques by breathing and exhaling slowly Gain experience in public speaking.

iii.

iv.
iv.

19. Briefly explain the types of persuasive speech Persuasive speech influences listeners attitudes, behaviours, beliefs or values, change, strengthen or weaken. The types of Persuasive Speech are i. ii. Facts which are based on evidence, Values, what is morally right or wrong, just or unjust, good or evil.

iii. Policy about rules and procedures to be followed 20. What is the function of the Informative Speech and what are the types of

informative speech? - Increase learners knowledge, understanding or abilities a. Types of informative speech i. ii. iii. iv. v. Instruction teach learners to do a certain task Demonstration perform certain task Explanation explanation for occurrence Description - details of a place, object or occurrence Briefing summarise information that the speaker wants to share with the listeners vi. Reporting detailed information of certain topics
7

21. -

When is it suitable to use the Argumentative Speech and list down the type of argumentative speech? Deal with conflicting opinions and beliefs Reaching conclusions through logical reasoning based

on evidence Eg civil debates, dialogues, etc 22. Types of Argumentative Speech i.

ii.

Debate and Negotiation Eristic Dialogue-victory over the opposition is the main objective Legal Debate- court of law through argument Tournament debate competitive debates between schools and colleges

iii. iv.