PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION (PERFORMACE TASK)

HUM 02 – INDIGENOUS CREATIVE CRAFTS

FIRST SEMESTER, 2022-2023

NAME: Tan, Joaquin C. COURSE/YEAR: BSE IV - 01

DATE OF SUBMISSION: September 24 2022 SCORE: __________/80

General Instructions:
1. Read carefully the instructions provided in each number.
2. Write your answer in MS Word format; Times New Roman (12 font size), single space.
3. Submit your output in G-Class course shell HUM 02 Indigenous Creative Crafts. Please take note of the due
date of submission.

I. On the Peopling of the Philippines.

Instructions:
1. Write a 7-10 sentence essay-analysis on this issue: “Among the theories on the peopling of the Philippines,
which theory do you think is the most logical and plausible? Justify your answer.” (20 points)
- The first and the most widely known theory is the Beyer's theory of Migration waves, according to which the
ancestors of the Filipinos first came to the island by crossing land bridges which would occur when the sea level
was low. Wilhelm Solheim's Nusantao hypothesis was an alternative theory that focused on the maritime
nature of the peopling of the Philippines and Southeast Asia, rather than following a 'primacy' of linguistics and
agricultural methods. I choose the theory of Migration waves because of the information that is in the theory
like 250,000 years ago the “Dawn Man”, a cave-man type human who was related to Java Man, Peking Man
and other Asian Homo erectus specimens, was present in the Philippines and he also says the 30,000 years ago
The Negritos, an aboriginal group of hunters and gatherers, arrived in the archipelago via land bridges. I think
this is the most logical because of the explanations of this theory and the things that supported this theory.

II. On the Ethnolinguistics/Indigenous People of the Philippines (15 points).

Instructions:

1. Choose three (3) Ethnolinguistics/Indigenous People of the Philippines. Identify and discuss their material and
non-material cultures.

Indigenous People of the Material Culture Non-Material Culture

Philippines
1. Bagobo - The Bagobo
constitute one of the
largest groups among the
indigenous peoples of
southern Mindanao. They
are composed of three (3)
sub-groups, namely the
TAGABAWA, the CLATA or
GUIANGAN and the UBO.
2. Bukidnon - The Bukidnons
are one of the
traditionalistic ethnic
groups in the southern
Philippines. They inhabit
the northeastern part of
Mindanao, the second
largest island of the
archipelago. The term
“Bukidnon” (mountain
dweller) was derived from
the Cebuano language but
nowadays, it is accepted by
most members of the ethnic
group referred to.
3. Mangyan - The Mangyans
were once the only
inhabitants of Mindoro.
Being coastal dwellers at
first, they have moved
inland and into the
mountains to avoid the
influx and influence of
foreign settlers such as the
Tagalogs, the Spanish and
their conquests and
religious conversion, and
raids by the Moro (they
raided Spanish settlements
for economic purposes, and
to satisfy the demand for
slave labor).
1. Inabal - woven cloth
made from abaca and
natural dyes, is a textile
highly valued in Bagobo
society. They use this
material to create their
cloths most likely the
cloths that they use for
ceremonies that they do.
2. The abaca-based handicraft -
Skillfully crafted are the quality hand
woven abaca bags of Malaybalay
City and Municipality of Impasug-
ong. These products are "time-
honored crafts reflecting the rich
culture and tradition of Bukidnon
tribes". Some of these works of arts
are inherited by this group of crafters
from their ancestors, like the
Higaonon. Higaonon weavers have
traditional designs that have been
handed down to them by their Bae
Annak, the first weaver. They do not
depart from their traditional designs.
3. Mangyan Handicrafts -
Tribal women sit under a thatched
roof, weaving local 'nito' vines or
native vines into baskets, beer
bottle holders, and placemats,
amongst other eco-friendly
products, plus a construction site
building a computer center for
teaching Mangyan children.
1. The Bagobo are a settled
people, practicing
agriculture as well as
hunting and fishing. Their
chief crop is rice, which
they grow in clearings on
the mountain sides. Since
this grain is their staple
food, the whole routine of
its cultivation is most
closely bound up with
their religious beliefs and
practices.
2. Pamuhat- An offering of the
Deities upon entering an unknown
place, especially forested areas.
This is done when somebody asks
for permission to enter a forest or
cave to gather fruits, cut trees
known to be inhabited by spirits.
The ritual involves offering of
food, wine and tobacco.
3. subsistence agriculturalists -
planting a variety of sweet potato,
upland (dry cultivation) rice, and
taro. They also trap small animals
and wild pig. Many who live in
close contact with lowland
Filipinos sell cash crops such as
bananas and ginger.
III. On the need of defining the Indigenous People (IP) of the Philippines or the Indigenous Cultural
Communities.

Instructions:

1. Identify one IP group in the Philippines you think matches the definition of IPS according to R.A. 8371 (please
refer to the uploaded lectures in Topics 1 and 2 of of course shell in the G-Classroom). Research, cite your
source, and paste a picture of that IP group in the space provided: (5 points)

NAME OF IP GROUP (choose one): MANGYAN

Reference of the source (picture)
cited:https://smile.cebupacificair.com/mangyan-mindoro/
Picture of the IP Group:
2. Provide an explanation on why this group can be categorized under Indigenous Cultural Communities or
Indigenous People based on R.A. 8371. (20 points)
- Mangyan can be categorized as a Indigenous People based on RA 8371 because Mangyans are
the original inhabitants of Mindoro, the seventh largest island in the Philippines. The Mangyan
settled along the shores of Mindoro island approximately 600-700 years ago. It is believed that
they had come from the southern regions of the archipelago. In the R. A. 8371 says that A
group of people or homogenous societies identified by self-ascription and ascription by others,
who have continuously lived as an organized community on communally-bounded and defined
territory and it shows that the mangyan falls in this category and also falls under the category of
those who have, through resistance to political, social and cultural inroads of colonization, non-
indigenous religions and cultures, become historically differentiated from the majority of
Filipinos for example is that the Hanunoo Mangyan believe in a Supreme Being who is referred
to as the Mahal na Makaako, who gave life to all human beings merely by gazing at them. They
believe that the universe, called sinukuban ("that which is covered) or kalibutan ("the whole
surrounding") has a globular shape "like a coconut". They still have different belief among us
modern Filipinos that's why I consider them as an Indigenous people that is based on R A 8371.

IV. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS. (20 points)

Instructions:

1. Read and analyze the given situation.

2. Write a 7-10 sentence analysis/suggestions/programs on the situation.

SITUATION:

The Dumagats (of the Agta, Negrito groups) inhabit the coastal areas particularly in the Aurora and Quezon
provinces. In the onset of the ‘BER’ months, many Dumagats prefer to live in the cities to ask for alms and look
for food to eat. There are instances that some of them experienced marginalization. As a concerned citizen,
suggests two (2) programs/plans on how the government, Church leaders, media, schools, and business sectors
could help them.

SUGGESTED PROGRAMS:

Business sectors can have a program to help Dumagats in many ways. Business Sectors can build businesses
that can give jobs and opportunities for Dumagats and programs that can give them opportunity to learn new
skills that are needed for working like workshops about computers and new technology that can improve their
abilities. Schools can also help them by creating a program for kids to go to school to learn how to communicate
well and teach them basic knowledge that they need to know. If they are knowledgeable and have an opportunity
to earn money they can live peacefully and have their own ability to get their needs and wants for everyday life.
In addition Dumagats can build their own businesses here when they have the money and creating their own
products that are based on their culture.