Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DRUG ADDICTION
SUBMITTED BY – GUIDED BY –
ABHIJEET MISHRA SUCHISMITA PATNAIK
Signature of principal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my sincere gratitude to our principal and also
express my sincere thanks to our Biology teacher’s sushree
sangita dash and suchismita patnaik for giving me this great
opportunity to do this project about Drug Addiction, which
helped me to know about the harmful side effects on various
drugs. I also thank my parents who have helped me in
collecting data regarding this project. Overall I thank to God
Almighty.
CONTENTS
▪ INTRODUCTION
▪ WHAT IS ADDICTION
▪ TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE
▪ CAUSES OF ADDICTION
▪ EFFECTS OF ADDICTION
▪ HISTORY OF ADDICTION: DRUG ABUSE
▪ DIAGONISIS OF ADDICTION
▪ STUDY (QUESTIONARY)
▪ THE PROFILE OF FIVE PATIENTS
▪ TREATMENT OF ADDICTION
▪ SCENARIO OF ADDICTION
▪ CONCLUSION
▪ BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
2. Cocaine
Cocaine is a very dangerous stimulant even when taken in small
amounts. It induces euphoria, increases blood pressure, and
accelerates the heart rate. The drug may lead to fatal strokes or heart
attacks for some users. Due to the severe consequences of using
cocaine, users require immediate professional treatment.
3. Crack
A potent form of cocaine, crack is often smoked and suddenly creates
an intense euphoric sensation for a short while. Crack has turned into
a problem because it is cheap and easy to buy and use. Abusing the
substance, however, can lead to immediate addiction. Abusers are
also at risk of suffering heart attacks and strokes with every use. Long-
term use can cause liver, kidney, and lung damage.
4. Hallucinogens
PCP (phencyclidine) and LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) are
hallucinogens, which means that they make users feel, see, and hear
things that are not real. While they experience hallucinations with
these drugs, users lose touch with reality and enter mental states of
disconnection. Withdrawing from hallucinogens is not easy, and
abusers will need professional treatment in a rehab facility.
5. Marijuana / Cannabis
Marijuana is the most common illegal drug that is abused, and many
people begin using it as a recreational drug in social situations.
Continued abuse of marijuana can lead to addiction, and the
substance can affect the physical coordination, memory, and mental
functions of users over time. While it is easy to abuse marijuana, it is
not easy to stop using it.
6. Alcohol
Abusing alcohol can cause psychological, physical, and social
problems, and it can lead to the destruction of relationships,
friendships, and marriages. A lot of alcohol abusers drink so much that
their bodies are unable to handle it. Sometimes this requires that they
are hospitalized for alcohol poisoning. Furthermore, alcohol abuse can
lead to injury or death to the people around them while they are
under the influence. Alcohol withdrawal can be fatal because of
delirium tremens, which is a symptom with the potential to trigger
heart failure or stroke. Refraining from drinking also is not easy when
it becomes a habit because of mental and physical issues. Professional
assistance is often necessary for abusers of alcohol.
CAUSES OF ADDICTION
1. Peer pressure
2. Stress and depression
3. Lack of education
4. Religious rituals
EFFECTS OF ADDICTION
• Fatigue –
The patient is tired most of the time.
• Memory loss –
Especially the patient's short-term memory.
• Eye muscles –
The eye muscles can become significantly weaker.
• Liver diseases –
The patient has a considerably higher chance of developing
hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis of the liver is an irreversible and
progressive condition
• Heart problems –
Regular heaving drinking can lead to cardiomyopathy (damaged
heart muscle), heart failure, and stroke.
• Menstruation –
Alcoholism will usually stop menstruation or disrupt it.
• Cancer –
Alcoholics have a much higher risk of developing several
cancers, including cancer of the mouth, oesophagus, liver, colon,
rectum, breast, prostate and pharynx.
• Suicide –
Suicide rates among people who are alcohol-dependent or who
abuse alcohol are much higher than among other people.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
“Prevention is better than cure” is also true here. Tobacco,
drug/alcohol abuses are more during young age and
adolescence. The remedial measure should be taken in time.
The following measures would be particularly useful for
prevention and control of alcohol and addiction during
adolescents.
➢ DO-IT-YOURSELF –
Experts say about 30% of people with an alcohol problem manage to
reduce their drinking or abstain without seeking professional help.
There is a great deal of material in books and the internet that may
help the self-helper.
➢ COUNSELLING –
A qualified counselor can help the alcoholic talk through his/her
problems and then devise a plan to tackle the drinking. Cbt (cognitive
behavioral therapy) is commonly used to treat alcohol dependency.
➢ DETOXIFICATION –
The patient takes some medication to prevent withdrawal symptoms
(delirium tremens) which many alcoholics experience when they give
up drinking.
HISTORY OF ADDICTION
1. BEER
Since the dawn of history, mankind has found ways to relieve the daily grind of
life. In ancient Mesopotamia (the area now known as Iraq), agriculture slowly
began to flourish, and a large network of city states started to gain prominence.
With the cultivation of wheat and barley came another product: beer. After all,
the water wasn't particularly healthy, and the weak alcohol content in beer killed
off a lot of harmful organisms in the water.
While the beer wasn't particularly strong, it also wasn't particularly nice, as the
concept of sterility was unknown in 3,000 BCE. However, beer was consumed in
bulk. Consequently, addiction to alcohol was rampant in the so-called cradle
of civilization, and people during that time generally lived much shorter lives
thanks to disease and, presumably, drunkenness.
2. OPIUM
Throughout the time that beer was gaining popularity, the Indians, Assyrians and
Egyptians were cultivating and preparing opium from the opium poppy. Indeed,
the upper classes of many civilizations would use this to relax and pass time,
although some uses are much less benign. One Egyptian scroll recommends using
opium to soothe a crying baby.
During the second millennium, world trade started to be more prominent. Ships
started sailing from China to Europe-Marco Polo rediscovered major trade routes
to India and China, and in 1492, cocaine came to be major product of trade.After
that, the American continent became ripe for development. Various
conquistadors discovered the drugs that kept the locals going, especially cocaine,
which was touted as a wonder cure for all ailments.
5. TOBACCO
One of the major drugs that came out of the New World was tobacco. Sir Walter
Raleigh famously introduced dried tobacco leaves to England, where they were
controlled and taxed heavily. Again, abuse of tobacco led to very expensive
addictions, as it was a risky but incredibly profitable voyage for those who made it
over the Atlant.
THE PROFILE OF 5 PATIENTS
Case No: 1 Patient Name: Sofia Akhtar
Age: 65 Type: T2DM
Gender: Female Date of Admission: 22/12/15
Comments: After I am started having T2DM, my life has totally
changed. I am the first person to have diabetes in my family. At the
onset of this disease I felt very much weakness and hunger.
Comments: I am poor worker who earn few just to stay alive and to
take care of family. I don’t have much savings that I would go in a big
hospital for better cure or for medicine. Nowadays I also cannot go to
work site as I remain weak and my hand and leg shakes if I try to do
any hard work. Due to this I cannot send my children to school.