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Introduction
Introduction
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 1
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 2
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Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
Stresses in Steel
Plates
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 3
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Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
Axially loaded
member
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 4
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Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
Cantilevers !!
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 8
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Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
Curved beams
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 9
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Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
Column in structures
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 10
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Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
Column in structures
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 11
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
Torsion in shaft
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 12
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Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 14
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Normal and Shear Stresses
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 15
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Normal and Shear Stresses
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 16
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Normal and Shear Stresses
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 17
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Normal and Shear Stresses
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 18
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Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
Strength
• Strength is a property of a material or mechanical
element. It depends upon the choice, the treatment of the
material (forging, rolling, cold forming etc.), and the
processing of the material. Example: Different strength of
solder material for different aging, testing temperatures.
• Strength is usually denoted as the S. Su is ultimate
strength and Sy is yield strength. Example of a stress-
strain curve of solder material.
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 19
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
Stress
• Normal stress is denoted as 𝜎 and shear stress is denoted
as 𝜏.
• Stress components: 𝜎x , 𝜎1 etc.
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑆𝑢
𝑛𝑑 = =
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 22
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 23
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 24
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
𝐹 𝐹
𝜏= = 𝜋𝑑2
𝐴
4
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 25
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
Stress-Strain Diagram
• Proportional limit, yield stress, ultimate strength.
• Modulus of elasticity.
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 26
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
Stress-Strain Diagram
• Proportional limit
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 27
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
Stress-Strain Diagram
• Elastic Limit
The elastic limit is the limit beyond which the material will no
longer go back to its original shape when the load is
removed, or it is the maximum stress that may e developed
such that there is no permanent or residual deformation
when the load is entirely removed.
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 28
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Introduction to Mechanics of Solids
Stress-Strain Diagram
• Yield point
• Ultimate strength
Stress-Strain Diagram
• Rupture strength
Stress-Strain Diagram
• Modulus of Toughness
Modulus of toughness is the work done on a unit volume of
material as the force is gradually increased from the origin
up to the rupture point. This may be calculated as the area
under the entire stress-strain curve (from O to R). The
toughness of a material is its ability to absorb energy without
causing it to break.
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 31
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Stresses in an oblique plane
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 32
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Stresses in an oblique plane
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 33
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Stresses in an oblique plane
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 35
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General Stress-Strain Relation
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 36
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General Stress-Strain Relation
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 37
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Axially Loaded Member
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 38
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Thin Wall Pressure Vessel
Cylindrical vessel
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 39
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Thin Wall Pressure Vessel
Circumferential stress
or hoop stress
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 40
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Thin Wall Pressure Vessel
Longitudinal stress
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 41
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Thin Wall Pressure Vessel
Spherical vessel
Longitudinal stress
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Department of Mechanical Engineering 42