SOCIAL SCIENCE

DISCIPLINES
INTRODUCTION: DEFINITION, FIELDS AND
METHODS OF INQUIRY
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
◦Connect the disciplines with their historical and
social foundations

LEARNING COMPETENCY

◦Explain the major events and its contribution that

led to the emergence of the social science
disciplines (Part 1)
Expectations
at the end of this lesson, learners should be able to:
◦ Define the different disciplines of social sciences
◦ Compare and contrast the various social sciences
disciplines
◦ Appreciate the importance of the social sciences
disciplines and understand the burning issues in the
society.
Review of the previous lesson:
SOCIAL SCIENCE

SOCIETY SOCIAL PHENOMENA SCIENCTIFIC METHOD

ELEMENTS

SOCIETY (SOCIAL) ANALYSIS (SCIENCE)

SOCIAL SCIENCE NATURAL SCIENCE HUMANITIES

SOCIETY PHYSICA WORLD

HUMAN CONDITIONS
(INTERACTIONS) (NATURE)
A_ t_ _o p o _ o _ y
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S_c__l_gy
Understanding the topic
◦ These disciplines allow us:
◦ To analyze the human behavior
from a variety of perspective,
◦ To deeply understand the
controversial issues and
complications surrounding our
society.
◦ To empower ourselves as
democratic citizens of the fast –
changing world.
ANTHROPOLOGY
INTRODUCTION: DEFINITION, FIELDS AND
METHODS OF INQUIRY
ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING

◦“Anthropos” (human) + “Logos” (study of).

DEFINITIONS

◦Scientific study of man or human being and their

societies in the past and present.
Anthropologist?
◦ Anthropologist seeks answers to an
enormous variety of questions about
humans.
◦ Anthropologist also compare humans
with other animals (most often, other
primates like monkeys and
chimpanzees) to see what we have in
common with them and what makes us
unique.
Four (4) fields of
Anthropology
PHYSICAL/BIOLOGICAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
◦ Is the field that is engaged in understanding
humans and their nature as an animal aspects. It
examines humans variation, evolution and
physical characteristics.
◦ interested in explaining the similarities and
differences that are found among humans across
the world. (the evolution of our species, fossil and
skeletal evidence).
 ARCHAEOLOGY
◦ is the study of the ancient and recent human past through
material remains.
◦ Fossils are the biological remains of plants, animals and
human species, while artifacts are the man-made material
remains that human groups left such as clothing and tools.
Linguistic
Anthropology

• Examines then relationship of the

language and culture of a group or
people. It works within the premise that
language reflects the core components
of a society’s culture.
• Subfields – Historical, Descriptive,
Social
Cultural
Anthropology

• Studies the lifeways and traditions of human groups

which may include their belief system, economic
activities, material culture, and even political system.
• Studies cultures and societies of human beings and
their very recent past.
Methods of Inquiry

◦ETHNOGRAPHY
◦Anthropologists describes a culture, or
one of its segment, based on
interviews, and through participation
and observation of the local’s
lifeways and beliefs.
ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING

◦“OIKANOMIA” household management.

DEFINITIONS

◦ Study of what constitutes rational human behavior in

the endeavor to fulfill needs and wants.
FIELDS/ BRANCHES
OF ECONOMICS
Microeconomics

◦concerned with single factors and the effects of

individuals decisions.
◦Affects individuals, groups and companies.
 Macroeconomics

◦concerned with large- scale or general

economic factors.
◦Affects National level.
ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING

◦“Geo” (Earth), “Graphein” (Description)

DEFINITIONS

◦Deals with the study of the relationships between

the earth and people.
 ◦FIELDS OF
GEOGRAPHY
 Physical Geography

- is the study of Earth’s season, climate, atmosphere,

soil, streams, landforms, and oceans.
- Physical Geographers primary concern is the
natural environment.
Human Geography
• concerned with the distribution and networks of people and
cultures on Earth’s surface.

Regional Geography

• Is a discipline which focuses on a particular region on the

surface of Earth.
 Methods of Inquiry

OBSERVATION - Observation of phenomena and events is

central to geography’s concern for accurately representing
the complexity of the real world.

FIELD OBSERVATION/ EXPLORATION - Fieldwork allows

geographers to make direct observations in places where
local data are missing or unreliable and to check the validity
of existing secondary sources such as census statistics
ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING

◦“Lingua” (tongue, language)

DEFINITIONS

◦The systematic study of human language.

Fields of Linguistics
◦Evolutionary Linguistic (development)
◦Anthropology Linguistic (human
communication)
◦Historical Linguistic (Change)
◦Sociolinguistic (relation to society)
◦Psychlinguistic (acquire)
◦Computational Linguistic (computers- process)
ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING

◦“histoire” (recorded and documented events)

DEFINITIONS

◦The study of the past and its records about

events.
 FIELDS OF HISTORY
◦Social History (Phenomena)
◦Cultural History (Culture)
◦Military History (War)
◦Economics History (Economy)
◦Environment History (Nature)
 Methods of Inquiry
Archival work
◦ - An archive is a collection of historical records, or the
physical place where the historical records are located. It
contains historical records and documents.
Field work
◦ - is the collection of raw data in natural settings. The term is
mainly used in the natural and social science studies. (e.g.
interview, observation, survey)
ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING

◦“Politika” “Polis” (affairs of the cities)

DEFINITIONS

◦Deals with the system of governance.

Fields of Political Science
◦Political Theory (foundation of political
community and institutions)
◦Comparative Politics
◦International Relation
ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING

◦“Psyche” (Mind), “Logos” (study of)

DEFINITIONS

◦Scientific study of mind and behavior

Fields of Psychology

◦Social Psychology (understanding individual

behavior)
◦Clinical/ Abnormal Psychology (concerned
with the assessment and treatment of mental
illness)
◦Educational Psychology (study how people
learn)
Fields of Psychology

◦Behavioral Psychology (Study of how our

behavior can be shaped by reinforcement and
punishment.)
◦Development Psychology (scientific approach
which aims to explain growth, change, and
consistency through life span.)
Methods of Inquiry

◦ Controlled Experiment All controlled experiments

involve two groups being researched upon- the
experimental group and the control group.
◦ Field Experiment
◦ Case Study Case studies are in-depth investigations of a
single person, group, event or community.
ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING

◦“Socius” (people, together, associate)

DEFINITIONS

◦ Study of groups – how they are formed, how they

change, and how the group impacts individual behavior.
TERMS USED IN SOCIOLOGY:

◦ SOCIETY (people)
◦ INSTITUTION
◦ NORMS (Values and Behavior- accepted in society)
◦ DEVIANCE (straying away from or going out of what is the
norm)
◦ CONFORMITY (social influence involving a change in
belief or behavior)
Methods of Inquiry

◦ Field Experiment
◦ Case Study
◦ Survey
ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING

◦“Demos” (People), Graphein (Description)

DEFINITIONS

◦Study of human population and dynamics.

TERSM USED IN DEMOGRAPHY
◦ Fertility- can either mean the live birth of a population
or the number of women in childbearing.
◦ Mortality- is the death rate or frequency of death in a
population.
◦ Migration- is the movement of people across a
particular boundary to establish a permanent or semi-
permanent residence.
◦ Population- refers to the number of inhabitants in a
given area such as countries and regions.
Questions for Reflection
1. What is the role of the different social science disciplines
in understanding the current situation of the world today?
2. What social science can offer us in a time of COVID 19?
3. How might an economist, a historian, psychologist,
sociologist or an anthropologist help the society in this time
of COVID 19 pandemic?
Activity No. 1
◦ Directions: Based on what you have read about the “Coronavirus
Disease in 2019” think of the ways on how the various social sciences
disciplines can help in the battle against this infectious disease. Do the
activity on a bond paper (short).
Social Sciences Disciplines Possible Contribution/s in the
Prevention and Control of
COVID19

◦ Rubrics
◦ Content 10 points
◦ Organization 5 points
◦ Style 5 points
◦ Over- all 20 points
Activity No. 2: Journal Entry No. 1
◦ Directions: Based on what you have learned from the
lesson, create a journal entry about the following
quotations below, which are related to some social
sciences disciplines. Relate these quotations to the
controversial issues in the society and to your everyday
life. Write your entry on your journal notebook.
1. “Those who do not remember the past are
condemned to repeat it” – George Santayana
2. “The great hope of society is in individual
character”. – William Channing