Day 1 - Session 2 - Health Hazards Identification - Participant

40-Hour BOSH Training
Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
HEALTH HAZARDS
IDENTIFICATION
Session Objective
At the end of the session, the participants will be
able to:
 Explain the principles of Industrial Hygiene
 Identify health hazards in their workplace

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 1

What is Industrial Hygiene ?
The science and art devoted to identification,

evaluation and control of environmental factors
and stresses arising in or from the workplace,
which may cause sickness, impaired health and
well-being, or significant discomfort among
workers or among citizens of the community.
What are Health Hazards?
According to medical dictionaries:

• Any agent or activity posing a potential
hazard to health
• Any organism, chemicals, conditions, or

circumstance that may cause illness


Health Hazards Classification
Chemical Physical
Biological Ergonomic
Hazards

Chemical Hazards
These arise from excessive airborne

concentration of …
– Vapors
– Mists
– Fumes
– Gases
– Dusts


Chemical Hazards
Q: How do chemicals become a hazard?
A: When they become airborne and the
concentration is excessive…
Chemical Hazards Nature / Form
Organic Solvents Vapor
Acids / Bases Mists
Dust / Particulates Powder / Fibers
Heavy Metal Fumes
Gases Gas
Department
Department of Labor
of Labor and Employment
and Employment
OCCUPATIONAL
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
SAFETY AND
AND HEALTHCENTER
HEALTH CENTER
Chemical Hazard…
Vapors
 Gases formed when liquid evaporates
 Associated with solvents, adhesives,

alcohols, etc.
 The common organic solvents can be

classified as hydrocarbons (toluene),
ketones (methyl ethyl ketone), esters
(ethyl acetate), ether (ethyl ether),
alcohols (ethyl alcohol)


Occupational Exposure
 Degreasing of metals
 Printing
 Dry-cleaning
 Painting
 Laboratory Analysis

Chemical Hazard…
Mists
 Dispersion of liquid particles in the air
 Suspended liquid droplets when vapor condenses

back to liquid
 Associated with acids, chlorine, formaldehyde,

phenols, etc. & processes like electroplating and
spraying
 Common acids are hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric and

phosphoric acids.

10

 Wastewater treatment
 Acids from electroplating
 Oil mists from cutting &

grinding operation
 Mist from Spray painting

operation

11
Chemical Hazard…
Fumes
 Volatilized solid that condenses when they contact air
 Very small, solid particles created when hot vapor

reacts with air to form an oxide
 Associated with molten metals & processes like

welding, metalizing and coating.
Examples: Lead, Iron, Chromium, Tin and Zinc Fumes

12

 Soldering operation
 Welding
 Lead-battery making
 Mining operation

13
Chemical Hazard…
Gases
 Substances in the gaseous state at

room temperature and pressure.
 They do not have a warning odor at a

dangerous concentration.

14

 By-product of incomplete combustion (carbon
monoxide)
 Wastewater treatment plant (hydrogen sulfide

& chlorine gas)
 Refrigeration & fertilizer plants (ammonia)
 Machinery using diesel engine (nitrogen

dioxide)
15
Chemical Hazard…
Dust
 Refers to the suspension of solid particles in air.
 Dust are classified according to size:
 Total dust – all dust particles in the area
 Respirable dust – fraction of total dust which

passes through a selector which can be
inhaled and deposited in the lungs

16

 These dust particles are generated by
physical processes such as handling,
grinding, drilling, milling and crushing
operations where solid materials are broken
down.

17
Chemical Hazard…
Dusts/Particulates
Silica Dust Metal Dust Asbestos Dust
• Building • Leaded paint • Thermal & acoustic
materials such • Grinded metal insulation
as stone, bricks • Fire resistant walls
& concrete & partitions
• Asbestos cement
sheets & flooring
Wood Dust
• Flooring
• Wood fixtures

18

Physical Hazards
• Noise
• Vibration
• Illumination
• Extreme temperature
• Extreme pressure
• Radiation
19
Physical Hazards…
Noise
 Unwanted and excessive sound
- A form of energy caused by the vibration of air

20

Arm’s Length Rule

“If two (2) people with no hearing impairment
have to raise their voices or shout to be heard in a
distance of less than arms length from each other,
the sound level is potentially hazardous.”

21
Noise Levels Prevailing in Different Industries

in the Philippines
Manufacturing:
Textile Weaving 102-104 dBA
Iron and Steel Rolling Mills 94-99 dBA
Car Grinding 94-96 dBA
Stamping 95-97 dBA
Cement Mill Area 100-102 dBA
Wire and Cable Stranding 100-102 dBA

22

Physical Hazards…
Vibration
 is a physical factor that acts on man by
transmission of mechanical energy from sources
of oscillation.
 Low frequency or whole body
– weaving looms, harvester-
thresher, tractors, etc.
 High frequency or segmental
– hand driven power tools such as
chain saw, portable grinder and
polishers

23
Physical Hazards…
Illumination
 is the measure of stream of
light falling on a surface
Natural Artificial
 Types of Workplace Lighting
1. General lighting 2. Local lighting

24

Physical Hazards…
Extreme Temperature
 Extremes of temperature (low or high)
affect the amount of work that man can
do and the manner in which they do.

25
Physical Hazards…
Extreme Temperature
Factors affecting Heat Exposure
Thermal factors
 temperature & humidity
Physical Workload
 light, moderate, heavy &
very heavy
Work-Rest Regimen

26

Physical Hazards…
Extreme Pressure
 Change in the altitude or atmospheric
pressure
 below or greater than normal atmospheric

pressure (14.7 psi or 101.325 kpa)

27
 Underwater tunneling
 Diving
 Sewage construction
 Aviation
 Mining

28

Physical Hazards…
Radiation
 Is the emission or transmission of energy as waves
or moving particles.
 Ionizing radiation - radiation consisting of particles, x-rays,
or gamma rays with sufficient energy to cause ionization in
the medium through which it passes.
 Non-ionizing radiation - refers to any type of
electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough energy
to ionize atoms or molecules—that is, to completely remove
an electron from an atom or molecule.

29
Physical Hazards…
Inadequate Ventilation
 The supply of fresh air and exhaust of
contaminated air within a workroom.
 Inadequacy of ventilation has many factors to
consider.
• Air flow / velocity

• Contaminant / Chemical hazard generation
• Hazard controls present
• Heat controls
• Design of the ventilation system

30

Biological Hazards
1. Microbiological
 Bacteria, viruses, molds,
fungi and protozoa
2. Macrobiological
 Insects, parasites, plants
and animals

31
Biological Hazards…
 Poor sanitation and housekeeping
 Hospital works
 Removal of industrial waste and

sewage
 Poor personal cleanliness

32

Ergonomic Hazards
Ergonomics
• Greek derivation: Ergo (work)
Nomos (law)
• “Fitting the TASK to the HUMAN”

33
Ergonomic Hazard Examples

 Improperly designed tools
or work areas
 Improper lifting or reaching
 Poor visual conditions
 Repeated motion in
awkward position
34

You as Safety Officer…

35
How HAZARDS are IDENTIFIED?

• Walk through survey / ocular inspection
• Review of processes involved
• Knowing the raw materials used, products

and by-products
• Gathering of workers’ complaints
• GHS Labels and Safety Data Sheet

36

Department Order 136 - 14

GHS Pictograms

37
What is a Label?
Label – Refers to an appropriate group of

written, printed or graphic information
elements that are affixed to, printed on, or
attached to the immediate container of a
hazardous product, or to the outside
packaging of a hazardous product.

38


39
What is SDS?
Safety Data Sheet
A summary of the important

health, safety and
toxicological information on
the chemical or the mixture
ingredients.

40

Safety Data Sheet

 Provide comprehensive information about
a chemical substance or mixture
 Primarily for workplace use
 Employees & workers use these as a

source of information about hazards and
to obtain advice on safety precautions
41
Contents of Safety Data Sheet

1. Identification of the Chemicals 9. Physical and chemical
2. Hazards identification properties
3. Composition / Information on 10. Stability and reactivity
ingredients 11. Toxicological information
4. First-aid measures 12. Ecological information
5. Fire fighting measures 13. Disposal considerations
6. Accidental release measures 14. Transport information
7. Handling and storage 15. Regulatory information
8. Exposure control 16. Other information
and personal protection
42


43

44

Clear Points
 Industrial Hygiene is the science and art
devoted to the identification, evaluation and
control of hazards.
 Safety Officer has the role to classify his

establishment through proper identification of
the different health hazards as part of the risk
assessment process.
 There are various ways or strategies to identify

different health hazards in the workplace.
45
Thank you for

listening…
Environment Control Division
Email: ecd_oshc@yahoo.com
Telefax No: (02) 924 – 24 – 12
46

Day 1 - Session 2 - Health Hazards Identification - Participant

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Day 1 - Session 2 - Health Hazards Identification - Participant

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

40-Hour BOSH Training

Department of Labor and Employment

 Explain the principles of Industrial Hygiene

 Identify health hazards in their workplace

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 1

What is Industrial Hygiene ?

The science and art devoted to identification,

What are Health Hazards?

According to medical dictionaries:

• Any organism, chemicals, conditions, or

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 2

Health Hazards Classification

Department of Labor and Employment

These arise from excessive airborne

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 3

 Associated with solvents, adhesives,

 The common organic solvents can be

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 4

Department of Labor and Employment

 Suspended liquid droplets when vapor condenses

 Associated with acids, chlorine, formaldehyde,

 Common acids are hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric and

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 5

 Acids from electroplating

 Oil mists from cutting &

 Mist from Spray painting

Department of Labor and Employment

 Volatilized solid that condenses when they contact air

 Very small, solid particles created when hot vapor

 Associated with molten metals & processes like

Examples: Lead, Iron, Chromium, Tin and Zinc Fumes

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 6

Department of Labor and Employment

 Substances in the gaseous state at

 They do not have a warning odor at a

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 7

 Wastewater treatment plant (hydrogen sulfide

 Refrigeration & fertilizer plants (ammonia)

 Machinery using diesel engine (nitrogen

 Dust are classified according to size:

 Total dust – all dust particles in the area

 Respirable dust – fraction of total dust which

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 8

Department of Labor and Employment

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 9

Department of Labor and Employment

Attribution/Author: Occupational Safety and Health Center 10

Arm’s Length Rule

Department of Labor and Employment

Noise Levels Prevailing in Different Industries

Textile Weaving 102-104 dBA

Iron and Steel Rolling Mills 94-99 dBA

Car Grinding 94-96 dBA