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Bottle
A bottle is a narrow-necked container made of an impermeable material
(such as glass, plastic or aluminium) in various shapes and sizes that
stores and transports liquids. Its mouth, at the bottling line, can be sealed
with an internal stopper, an external bottle cap, a closure, or induction
sealing.[1]

Contents
Etymology
Types
Glass
Wine
Codd-neck
Plastic
Aluminium
Hot water
Gallery
Composite body, painted,
Miscellany and glazed bottle. Dated
See also 16th century Iran.

Notes
References
External links

Etymology
First attested in 14th century. From the English word bottle derives from
an Old French word boteille, from vulgar Latin butticula, from late Latin
buttis ("cask"), a latinisation of the Greek βοῦττις (bouttis)
("vessel").[2][3]

Types
A classic wine bottle
Glass

Wine

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The glass bottle represented an important development in the history of wine, because, when
combined with a high-quality stopper such as a cork, it allowed long-term aging of wine. Glass has all
the qualities required for long-term storage. It eventually gave rise to "château bottling", the practice
where an estate's wine is put in a bottle at the source, rather than by a merchant. Prior to this, wine
used to be sold by the barrel (and before that, the amphora) and put into bottles only at the
merchant's shop, if at all. This left large and often abused opportunities for fraud and adulteration, as
consumers had to trust the merchant as to the contents. It is thought that most wine consumed
outside of wine-producing regions had been tampered with in some way. Also, not all merchants were
careful to avoid oxidation or contamination while bottling, leading to large bottle variation.
Particularly in the case of port, certain conscientious merchants' bottling of old ports fetch higher
prices even today. To avoid these problems, most fine wine is bottled at the place of production
(including all port, since 1974).

There are many sizes and shapes of bottles used for wine. Some of the known shapes:

"Bordeaux": This bottle is roughly straight sided with a curved "shoulder" that is useful for catching
sediment and is also the easiest to stack. Traditionally used in Bordeaux but now worldwide, this
is probably the most common type.
"Burgundy": Traditionally used in Burgundy, this has sides that taper down about 2/3 of the height
to a short cylindrical section, and does not have a shoulder.
"Champagne": Traditionally used for Champagne, it is similar to a Burgundy bottle, but with a
wider base and heavier construction to withstand the pressure from the carbonation of the
sparkling wine.

Codd-neck

In 1872, British soft drink makers Hiram Codd of Camberwell, London,

designed and patented a bottle designed specifically for carbonated
drinks. The Codd-neck bottle was designed and manufactured to
enclose a marble and a rubber washer/gasket in the neck. The bottles
were filled upside down, and pressure of the gas in the bottle forced the
marble against the washer, sealing in the carbonation. The bottle was
pinched into a special shape, as can be seen in the photo to the left, to
provide a chamber into which the marble was pushed to open the bottle.
This prevented the marble from blocking the neck as the drink was
poured.

Codd-neck bottle Soon after its introduction, the bottle became extremely popular with the
soft drink and brewing industries, mainly in Europe, Asia and
Australasia, though some alcohol drinkers disdained the use of the bottle.
One etymology of the term codswallop originates from beer sold in Codd bottles, though this is
generally dismissed as a folk etymology.[4]

The bottles were regularly produced for many decades, but gradually declined in usage. Since children
smashed the bottles to retrieve the marbles, they are relatively scarce and have become collector
items; particularly in the UK. A cobalt-coloured Codd bottle today fetches hundreds of British pounds
at auction. The Codd-neck design is still used for the Japanese soft drink Ramune and in the Indian
drink called Banta.[5]

Plastic
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The plastic is strain oriented in the stretch blow molding manufacturing process. Plastic bottles are
typically used to store liquids such as water, soft drinks, motor oil, cooking oil, medicine, shampoo,
milk, and ink. The size ranges from very small sample bottles to very large carboys. The main
advantages of plastic bottles over glass are their superior resistance to breakage, in both production
and transportation, as well as their light weight and low cost of production. Disadvantages include
widespread plastic pollution.

Aluminium

An aluminium bottle is a bottle made of aluminium (or aluminum, outside of British English). In
some countries, it is also called a "bottlecan". It usually holds beer, soft drinks or wine.

Hot water

A hot water bottle is a bottle filled with hot water used to provide warmth. It can be made from
various materials, most commonly rubber, but has historically been made from harder materials such
as metal, glass, earthenware, or wood.

Gallery

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A PET bottle Stone ware jar for A bioplastic A contemporary

carrying water shampoo bottle metal bottle (Sigg)
made of PLA-blend
bio-flex

Chinese ding-ware Normflasche bottle Reusable glass milk Pontiled soda or

porcelain bottle with bottle beer "blobtop"
iron-tinted pigment bottle, circa 1855
under a transparent
colorless glaze, 11th
century, Song
Dynasty

Bocksbeutel bottle Two bottles for A bottle wall Blue glass bottle,
Maas wine, called 18th–19th-century
"thieves", 18th Iran
century

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1940s Chianti fiasco Aluminium spray Empty beer bottles Two modern hot
bottle of different colors water bottles shown
with their stoppers

Plastic bottle of milk.

One US gallon

Miscellany
Bottles are often recycled according to the SPI recycling code for the material.

See also
Beer bottle
Bottle sling
Bottle wall
Bottling company
Bottling (concert abuse)
Butylka - The largest building in the world in the shape of a bottle
Carinate
Glass production
Helmholtz resonance
Klein bottle
List of bottle types, brands and companies
List of bottling companies
Reuse of bottles
Speyer wine bottle

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Notes
1. Soroka, W (2008). Glossary of Packaging Terminology. IoPP. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-930268-27-2.
2. Bottle (http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bottle), Online Etymology Dictionary
3. βοῦττις (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Ae
ntry%3Dbou%3Dtis), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
4. "UK word origins" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080913063340/http://www.phrases.org.uk/meani
ngs/235250.html). Archived from the original (http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/235250.html)
on 2008-09-13. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
5. Pisharoty, Sangeeta Barooah (19 April 2013). "Banter about Banta" (http://www.thehindu.com/feat
ures/metroplus/Food/banter-about-banta/article4633753.ece). The Hindu. Retrieved 27 May 2018.

References
Soroka, W, "Fundamentals of Packaging Technology", IoPP, 2002, ISBN 1-930268-25-4
Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, ISBN 978-0-470-
08704-6

External links
Media related to Bottles at Wikimedia Commons

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