1122 Send Orders for Reprints to reprints@benthamscience.

ae

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2018, 19, 1122-1134

REVIEW ARTICLE
ISSN: 1389-2010
eISSN: 1873-4316

Current
Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology
Status of Selinum spp. L. a Himalayan Medicinal Plant in India: A Review Impact
Factor:
1.819

of Its Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Traditional Uses The international

journal for timely

in-depth reviews in

Pharmaceutical

Biotechnology

BENTHAM
SCIENCE

Ravi Prakash Srivastava1, Pooja Dixit1, Lav Singh1, Praveen C. Verma2 and Gauri Saxena1,*

1
Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India; 2CSIR-National Botanical Research Insti-
tute, Lucknow 226001, India

Abstract: There is a growing trend of herbal medicines in India as well as other parts of the world.
The use of herbal medicines alone or alongside prescription drugs for disease management is quite
common now. We hereby carry out a review of dominant species of Selinum mainly S. vaginatum C.B.
Clarke and S. wallichianum (DC.) Raizada & H.O. Saxena which are potent source of herbal medicine

tio y
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

ARTICLE HISTORY and whose potential is still not exploited. They are found in Northern Himalayas in the states of Kash-

bu nl
mir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand in India, and also distributed in adjoining countries like China,

n
Received: August 20, 2018
Nepal, and West Pakistan. It is a perennial, primitive, high altitude, therapeutic herbal plant belonging

Revised: November 29, 2018
Accepted: December 03, 2018
DOI:
10.2174/1389201020666181227150829
tri O
to family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) traditionally used for various diseases like epilepsy, seizures, and
hysteria, etc. The aim of this review was to provide a summary on botanical characterization, tradition-
al uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of Selinum spp. The available information will be
is e
further tapped for commercial use of this plant without endangering its status. Based on the available
s
evidence on the species pharmacology and chemistry, we highlight in which their therapeutic potential
can be properly harnessed for possible integration into the country’s healthcare system and be further
rD U

passed on globally.
Fo al

Keywords: Coumarins, chemical composition, phytoconstituents, pharmacological, volatile oil, herbal medicines.
ot on

1. INTRODUCTION [3]. It is an endemic, high altitude, perennial, hairy, rhizoma-

N rs

tous, endangered and primitive herb. Few species of Selinum

The traditional medicine practice is widespread in coun-
have been reported from Kumaun and Garhwal region of
tries like China, India, Japan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Thai-
Pe

Uttarakhand, India viz, S. tenuifolium, (synonym S. can-

land. About 40% of the total medicinal consumption is at-
dollei), and S. vaginatum [4]. It is found growing wild in
tributed to traditional tribal medicines alone by China. In this Rohtang pass (Himachal Pradesh) and Tungnath, Milam
regard, we review an important medicinal and aromatic plant
glacier and Niti (Chamoli) in Uttarakhand [5]. However,
Selinum which belongs to family Apiaceae. The plants of
according to the IUCN Red List 2001, the species Selinum
this family are mainly herbs, rarely woody at base, with
carvifolia, was designated as endangered in the United
hollow stems. The family includes 250-440 genera includ-
Kingdom [6]. Furthermore, another Red List by the IUCN in
ing 3300-3700 species which are widely distributed over
2009 indicated Selinum vaginatum as threatened species and
the temperate zones of both the hemispheres. Selinum sp. is is considered to be in low-risk category [7]. Since then, the
an important medicinal and aromatic plant [MAPs] that
taxon has not yet been assessed by the IUCN Red List. There
grows in temperate regions of the Western Himalayas, Chi-
is however, no information on the IUCN list for other
na, South Africa and Andean mountains between 6000-
Selinum species due to lack of research and knowledge gap.
14000 ft. above the sea level [1]. There are several species
Presently the species of Selinum fall under the Catalogue of
of Selinum however, S. vaginatum C. B. Clarke, S.
Life list by Catalogue of Life Indexing [8]. Khare (2007)
wallichianum (DC.) Raizada & H.O. (synonyms S. candollei mentioned two species of genus Selinum named
Edgew, Selinum tenuifolium Salisb.) and S. carvifolia (L.) L.
S. tenuifolium, and S. vaginatum in India. The plant parts
are accepted names while other species still have unresolved
mainly root and leaves are used in treatment of different
status [2]. The genus commonly referred to as Bhutkeshi,
kinds of ailments like diarrhea, cuts, wounds, swelling and
in India, is known for its medicinal and aromatic values
vomiting [9]. The Selinum spp. also has a very long history
of use as medicine in Unani and Ayurvedic system and has
*Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Botany, Uni- been used as an insecticide, nervine sedative with anti-
versity of Lucknow, 226007, India; Tel: +91 9415182051; Fax-+91 (522) spasmodic and stimulant properties, in constipation, men-
2740467; E-mail: gaurigupta72@yahoo.com

1873-4316/18 $58.00+.00 © 2018 Bentham Science Publishers

Status of Selinum spp. L. A Himalayan Medicinal Plant in India Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2018, Vol. 19, No. 14 1123

struation and digestion. This study aims to explore the status
of Selinum spp. for their therapeutic and industrial applica-
tions on a sustainable basis not only in India but worldwide.
Despite the fact that we have a spectrum of modern drugs at
our command, it is still genuinely urgent to discover and de-
velop new therapeutic agents. Rising incidences and evidences
of microbial resistance against a broad array of antibiotics
further essentialize this need. Several reports estimate that an
acceptable therapy is available for not more than one-third of
the known human ailments. Therefore, the fight against dis-
eases must be carried on relentlessly. Traditional plant medi-
cines still enjoy a significant position in the modern-day drug
industries due to the minor side effects as well as the syner-
gistic action of the combination of compounds. In this
scenario, Selinum has the potential to become a source of
sustainable and suitable resource in drug industries. This
review attempts to probe the same since very little infor-
mation is available on anatomical, morphological pharmaco-
logical and phytochemical properties of Selinum.
Selinum candollei Edgew, Selinum tenuifolium Salisb.),
Selinum vaginatum C.B. Clarke and Selinum carvifolia (L.)
L. are the accepted ones in the genus Selinum found in India.
There are however many Selinum species whose status re-
main unresolved. Many species reported from other parts of
the world like Ligusticopsis wallichiana (DC) Pimenov &
Kljuykov, Selinum elatum (Edgew.) M. Hiroe, etc. have tax-
onomical ambiguity and their status is still debatable.
In India, basically, two plant species of Selinum named
S. vaginatum C.B. Clarke and S. wallichianum (DC) Raizada
& H.O. Saxena have been dominant in the Himalayan re-
gion. Selinum spp. also known as Bhutkeshi, Moor, Murva,
Muramansi, Mathosal, Nesrawlo are erect, tall, glabrous and
hairy, perennial herb with biennial tubers belonging to fami-
ly Apiaceae. The plants find its place in the family Apiaceae
(Umbelliferae). Botanical classification of the plants is as
follows:
Table 1. Taxonomic classification of Selinum sp. up to the

tio y
2. METHODOLOGY kingdom.

bu nl
A detailed literature survey was conducted from different

n
institutes (NBRI, CIMAP, IITR, CDRI and GBPNIHESD, Kingdom: Plantae

tri O
etc.) to gain an insight into the Selinum and its species. The
literature surveys carried out on the web by means of scientific Phylum: Tracheophyta
engine Google scholar (https://www.google.com/scholar),
is e Class: Mangnoliopsida
and via the databases, PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
s
pubmed), Science Direct (http://www.sciencedirect.com), Order: Apiales
rD U

Research Gate (https://www.researchgate.net/), Scopus

Family: Apiaceae
(http:/www.scopus.com), Google engine and SciFinder
(http://www.libnet.ulg.ac.be/en/eresources/scifinder-scholar). Genus: Selinum
Fo al

This review article investigates the pharmacological, phyto-

chemical and traditional profile of Selinum spp. The refer- Species: S. carvifolia, S. vaginatum, S. wallichianum etc.
ot on

ences of this review article are compiled from 44 papers of

original article dating from 1964 till date. The chemical
structures that have been retained in this article were revised Plants have been used for a long period for their medici-
N rs

by consulting the PubChem (http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ nal value before pre historic period especially in Ayurveda.
search/#collectioncompounds), and then redrawn using the The seeds, roots and leaves of Selinum spp. have been used
Pe

freeware version of software ACD/ChemSketch (Freeware)
14.01.
3. BOTANY
According to “The Plant list” three species, Selinum
wallichianum (DC.) Raizada & H.O. Saxena (synonym
in the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines by several phar-
maceutical industries. Oil derived from the roots has
leucodermal, hypotensive, incense sedative and analgesic
properties [10]. The extracts from rhizomes of Selinum plant
are used as a stimulant, a bitter tonic, and as antispasmodic
to treat epilepsy, hysteria in Ayurvedic system of medicines
[3].

Fig. (1). S. vaginatum (A) and S. tenuifolium (B) in its natural habitat.
Local/common names: Bhutkeshi, Moor, Murva, Muramansi, Mathosal, Nesrawlo, etc.
1124 Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2018, Vol. 19, No. 14
There are approximately 35 species of Selinum distribut-
ed throughout the world of which only few are resolved.
These plants generally grow in temperate regions and alpine
zone of South African and Andean M. The extracts from
rhizomes of Selinum plant are used as a stimulant, a bitter
tonic mountain slopes rich in humus [11]. Selinum plants are
also distributed in China, Nepal, Bhutan and West Pakistan
[12]. These plants are very common in alpine, subalpine, and
temperate Himalayas and occur at an altitude of 2000-4000
meters, especially available in the western and central Hima-
layas covering Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir, Uttarakhand and
Sikkim in India, also found in Kangra, Holi range of Cham-
ba, Parvati valley, Rohtang area of Kullu, Rampur and Rohru
division of Shimla district.
Selinum vaginatum, in general, is an erect, tall, glabrous
and hairy, perennial herb with biennial tubers that can be
easily distinguished by its clusters of small, white flowers on
long, thin stems. Selinum spp. are hollow and finely grooved
with leaf segments that are lanceolate, serrate, lobed or pin-
natifid [13]. The rhizome is stunted and covered with a dense
tio y
tuft of bristly fibers and approximately 4 cm in length and 2
bu nl
cm in diameter. The roots are dirty brown, thick up to 15 cm
n
or more in length and 1 cm in diameter. Roots and rhizomes
tri O
of Selinum spp. are strongly aromatic and bitter in taste. The
transverse section of root of S. vaginatum shows outermost
is e
cork composed of thin-walled, tangentially elongated cells,
phellogen, secretory canals in the primary cortex, parenchy-
s
ma cells, secondary phloem and xylem. The rhizome depicts
rD U
narrow cork zone, thick primary cortex and phloem, second-
ary phloem having phloem rays, phloem parenchyma, xylem
and medullary rays. Leaf transection having mesophyll cells
Fo al
shows a row of vascular bundles accompanied by a centrifu-
gal patch of sclerenchyma. The stem of S. vaginatum has
ot on
chlorenchyma, collateral vascular bundles, and small secreto-
ry canals in the phloem, epidermis, hypodermis, radial wall
N rs
and large intercellular spaces. Rhizome shows cambial activity
so that continuous ring of xylem and phloem are seen [14].
Pe
Leaf optical property of S. vaginatum from two different
altitudes in natural habitat (3600 m) and artificial habitat
(550 m) at lower altitudes showed some cuticular elevation
on the upper surface and finer cuticular cristae on the lower
surface as compared to those observed in the leaves of plants
from higher altitudes (natural habitat). They gave the absorp-
tance, reflectance and transmittance curves of upper and
lower leaves surfaces of two altitudes and found out that
absorptivity at all wavelengths was higher in the plants
grown at higher altitude (natural habitat) as compared to
those at lower altitude [15].
The rhizome of S. vaginatum was distinguished on the
basis of macroscopic parameters such as organoleptic char-
acter, odor and taste which are bitter and quite characteristic.
Microscopic studies revealed that S. vaginatum has broad
cortex having approximately 14-21 layers of cells, with
schizogenous canals abundantly present and pith being ab-
sent. He studied microscopic characteristics of S. vaginatum
and found that its powder is brownish colored with a bitter
taste and characteristic odor. The surface view of the rhi-
zome shows schizogenous canals, fragments of fibers, me-
dullary rays and starch grains [16].
Srivastava et al.
Multiple environmental signals are required for embryo
growth and germination for the seed of S. carvifolia (L) L.
The seeds of S. carvifolia germinated to high percentage
when incubated at a variable temperature of 20º/10ºC and
15º/6ºC in both light and darkness. Seeds germinated during
36 weeks of incubation at 5ºC, 10ºC, 25ºC, 15º/6ºC, and
20º/10ºC. Increased germination percentage was recorded
when seeds were transferred to a higher temperature after
cold stratification at 5ºC. The embryo of S. carvifolia elon-
gated rapidly after seeds were transferred to warmer temper-
ature conditions following 8 or 12 weeks of cold stratifica-
tion. The experiment suggested that the seeds of this species
had a physiological dormancy that needs to be broken before
the embryo can elongate [17].
Cell and tissue cultures of S. candollii were grown with
and without mineral oil overlay on MS medium supplement-
ed with appropriate growth regulators and it was reported
that the rate of growth and morphogenesis in cultures cov-
ered with mineral oil was greatly reduced as compared to the
controls. This lengthened the subculture period from 35-45
days to 150-240 days and resulted in significant savings of
efforts, material and time. Subsequently, the shelf life of
encapsulated propagules of S. candolii, enhanced from 25-30
days to 150-240 days [18]. Somatic embryogenesis of
S. candollii DC. was increased under a mineral oil overlay
and it was found that cell suspension obtained on liquid Mu-
rashige & Skoog’s medium supplemented with 4.52 μ M 2,4
D and 1.16 μ M kinetin when plated on solid medium devoid
of 2,4-D proliferated into a callus and subsequently produced
15-20 somatic embryos within 60 days. But when plated
cells were overlaid with mineral oil, a decrease in callus
formation coupled with a four-fold increase in the number of
somatic embryos per gram fresh weight of the cells was ob-
served after 30-45 days [19]. S. wallichianum seeds from
alpine and subalpine provenances determined the best pre-
treatment for improved germination and reduced germination
time [10]. Somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seed pro-
duction in S. tenuifolium Wall. with the help of a mature leaf
explant was observed for the first time in Murashige and
Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 μM 2, 4 dichloro-
phenoxy-acetic acid (2,4 D) containing 3% (w/v) sucrose and
0.7% (w/v) agar that resulted in a significantly higher fre-
quency of callus induction (67%) after 4 weeks of incubation
[20].
The thermostability of acid phosphatase in S. vaginatum
from two different locations (low and high altitude) identi-
fied that tropical plants (lower altitude) possessed higher
thermos-stability as compared to the species of temperate
and arctic zone [21].
The decomposition patterns of Selinum candollii (Syno-
nyms S. tenuifolium) reported a highly negative correlation
(r2 = 0.861 to 0.949) between nitrogen (N) concentration and
percent weight remaining during decomposition. The abso-
lute amount of N at various periods was calculated and N
was never found more than 100% of initial mass [22].
The comparative morphology and anatomy of leaves
stem and roots of S. vaginatum and S. tenuifolium showed a
wide range of inter-altitudinal variations in anatomical and
morphological characters. This data can be utilized for iden-
tification purpose and might be further used in the develop-
Status of Selinum spp. L. A Himalayan Medicinal Plant in India
ment of regulatory document on this medicinally important
species [23].
4. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
4.1. Antimicrobial Activity
The anti-microbial activity and Minimum Inhibitory
Concentration (MIC) of S. wallichianum essential oil
(SWEO) was determined, extracted from leaf extract and
tender stem branches on two reference strain of E. coli,
(E3376 and E3382) and 94 bacterial strains of 10 genera
isolated from the clinical cases, environment and food items
and it appeared to be the first report of the potent antimicro-
bial activity in essential oil of aerial part of S. wallichianum
often used by people to cure different ailments [24].
4.2. Antioxidant Activity
The DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scav-
enging activity of Ligusticopsis wallichiana (syn.
S. tenuifolium Wall Ex C. B. Clarke) phenolic compound, 3,
tio y
5-di-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid and chlorogenic acid showed
bu nl
potent antioxidant activity against DPPH free radical [25].
n
The methanolic root extract of S. vaginatum showed a
tri O
significant amount of phenolic content with an antioxidant
property that may be used to break neurological disorder
like epilepsy, hysteria, syncope etc. [3]. The isolated com-
is e
pounds from leaves of L. wallichiana (DC), quercetin 3-O-
s
β-D-glucopyranoside and rutin showed potent free radical
rD U
scavenging activity [26].
4.3. Toxicity
Fo al
S. vaginatum (Edgew) C. B. Clarke oil showed a
ot on
neuroprotective effect against methylmercury (MeHg) in-
duced toxicity using rat brain mitochondrial fractions. These
changes were prevented by co-incubation with essential oil
N rs
extracted from S. vaginatum. The glutathione reduction
caused by MeHg is restored by essential oil, endorsing its
Pe
chelating effect, an important molecular mechanism of de-
fense against oxidative injury. Some of the major com-
pounds were detected in Gas chromatography-mass spec-
trometry (GC-MS) analysis of essential oil, which would be
accountable for its neuroprotection against MeHg [27].
5. PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS
5.1. Volatile Compounds
All the plant parts of Selinum are rich in essential oil. The
composition of essential oil from the aerial parts of
S. tenuifolium has components like α-bisabolol (55.55%),
p-cymene (3.50%), ocimene (E) (2.70%), α-copaene (2.40%),
2-methylbutyl isovalerate (2.30%), p-cymene-8-ol (2.23%)
[4]. The essential oil composition of S. vaginatum from two
distant locations namely Rohtang (Himachal Pradesh) and
Tungnath (Uttarakhand) revealed 28 compounds in which
only 12 compounds were common to both populations with
the help of GC-FID and GC-MS analysis. The variability in
essential oil composition from a distant location is also evi-
dent in qualitative and quantitative parameters due to the
environmental factor and genetic makeup. Such variations
can be utilized to assess genetic variability and its signifi-
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2018, Vol. 19, No. 14 1125
cance in crop improvement program [1]. Some chemical
constituents had been identified from S. candollii DC. that
were helpful for chemotaxonomic identification of species in
genus Selinum [5]. The volatile oil from aerial parts of
S. tenuifolium was analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and 31
components were characterized in the oil, accounting for
95.16% of the oil. The chemical composition of essential oil
from underground part of S. tenuifolium Wall. was extracted
by using a Clevenger type apparatus, and analyzed by
GC/FID and GC/MS, nine constituents were identified repre-
senting 97.7% of the total oil, five of which belonged to the
class of polyacetylenes and four compounds namely nona-
3,5-diyn-2-one (1), nona-4,6-dine-3-one (2), non-3,5-diyn-2-
ol (3) and nona-4,6-diyn-3-ol (4), account for 3.0, 2.5, 2.2
and 3.1% of the total volatiles, respectively [28]. The essen-
tial oil of S. candollii revealed twenty constituents compos-
ing 64.32% of the total essential oil. The aerial parts of S.
tenuifolium had α-bisabolol which is an important compo-
nent and can be exploited in pharmaceutical and cosmetic
industries. The essential oil from air-dried aerial parts of S.
tenuifolium had 37 compounds that were identified by using
GC-FID and GC-MS analysis. Major constituents of essential
oil identified included α-bisabolol (71.80%), fernesol (3.50%),
germacrene D (2.39%), citronellyl propanoate (2.35%), α-
bisabolol oxide B (2.26%), sabinene (2.00%), β-fernesene
(1.53%) and limonene (1.21%) etc. [9]. The volatile oil com-
position of S. vaginatum from their underground part had 37
constituents that composed 96.4% of the total volatile part as
revealed by GC/FID and GC/MS [11]. The essential oil
composition from aerial and root parts of S. wallichianum
from Munsiyari and Nanital region showed the presence of
sabinene (31%), β-phellandrene (18.2%), and α-bisabolol
(16%) as major compounds in the aerial parts and that in root
had β-phellandrene (34.5%), α-phellandrene (11.2%) and
sabinene (11.5%) as major compounds. The oil (aerial part)
from Nainital collection had 3, 5-nonadiyne (53.8%), ses-
quiterpene hydrocarbon (31.4%) and monoterpene hydrocar-
bon (12.2%) and the root oil was found to be rich in acety-
lene hydrocarbon 3, 5-nonadiyne (90.5%). The plant popula-
tion of Munsiyari region could be classified as a new chemo-
type of S. wallichianum [29]. The essential oil of
S. tenuifolium was reported to have 3, 5-nonadiyene as a
major constituent (94.32%) which can be exploited in phar-
maceutical industry [30].
5.2. Terpene Compounds
A new sesqui-terpene from the chemical composition of
the oil was obtained from the roots of S. vaginatum named
vaginatin (C20H30O4) [31]. A new ester terpene ІІІ was also
isolated from the root of S. carvifolium [32].
5.3. Coumarin Compounds
A new coumarin named selinidin (I) with diuretic proper-
ty was reported from S. vaginatum with a molecular formula
C19H20O5. When selinidin was treated with aqueous alkali
(10%) medium, it gave selinidin (II) and tiglic acid in poor
yield but it underwent complete hydrolysis with alcoholic
alkali medium, to give selenitin and tiglic acid in equimolar
quantities [33]. Many coumarin compounds were isolated from
S. vaginatum named oroselol, angelicin and selinitin. The
1126 Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2018, Vol. 19, No. 14 Srivastava et al.

Table 2. Identification of essential oil composition of Selinum sp. in chronological order.

Sr. Identification Collection/

References Parts Used Major Compounds Conclusion & Quote
No. Methods Locations

The roots of
This is first report regard-
Mathela et al. Roots of Preparative S. tenuifolium were
ing occurrence of 3, 5-
1. S. tenuifolium 3,5-nonadiyne gas chroma- collected from Cheena
(1984) nonadiyene in
Wall. tography peaks area in Nainital,
S. tenuifolium Wall. roots.
Uttarakhand
Bornyl acetate (60.4%), α-Pinene
Chauhan et al. Underground GC/FID Rohtang pass (4000m First report of volatile
(11%), camphene (6.8%), elemol
2. parts of S. vagi- asl) in Himachal Pra- composition of
(2012) (3.4%), limonene (2.9%), non- GC/MS
natum desh S. vaginatum
adiyene (1.2%)
Nona-3,5-diyne (85.6%), nona- GC/FID A total nine constituents
Chauhan et al. Underground 3,5-diyne-2-one (3%), nona-4,6-
GC/MS Rohtang 4300m asl representing 97.7% of the
3. parts of S. tenui- diyne-3-one (2.5%), nona-3,5-
(2012) Clevenger Himachal Pradesh total oil were identified
folium Wall. diyne-2-ol (2.2), nona-4,6-diyne-
type apparatus and quantified in the oil
3-ol (3.1%)
S. candollii roots having
14-Hydroxy-Δ-cadinene twenty constituents com-
Chauhan et al. Underground GC-FID Tungnath in Ru-
(20.59%) & α-pinene

tio y
4. posed of 64.32% of the
(2012) parts GC-MS draprayag District
(14.23%) total essential oil were

bu nl
identified

n
S. tenuifolium collected

tri O
from Niti, Chamoli of
α-Bisabolol (71.80%), fernesol Aerial plant parts col-
GC-FID Garhwal region of Utta-
(3.56%), germacreneD (2.39%), lected at flowering
rakhand is a new source of
Mohan et al.
is e
Air dried aerial citronellyl propanoate (2.35%), stage from naturally
5. α-bisabolol a compound
(2013) parts α-bisabolol oxide B (2.26%), growing population of
s
highly appreciated and
sabenene (2%), β-farnesene Niti, Chamoli Uttarak-
GC-MS required in the pharma-
(1.53%), limonene (1.21%) hand
rD U

ceutical & cosmetic indus-

try
Fo al

The aerial parts of S.

α-Bisabolol (55.55), ρ-cymene GC tenuifolium rich in α-
Aerial parts of (3.50%), Ocimene (E) (2.70%), Milam glacier region,
6. Joshi (2016) bisabolol may become
ot on

S. tenuifolium (2.40%), 2-methy butyl (2.30%), Uttarakhand

GC-MS useful on commercial
p-cymen-8-ol(2.23%)
bases
N rs

The oil yield of S. wal-

lichianum from aerial &
Joshi et al. Nona-3,5-diyne (53.8%), sab- GC-MS root part of Munsiyari &
Pe

Aerial parts and Nainital & Munsiyari in

7. inene (31.0%), β-phellandrene Nainital collection was 24
(2017) roots GC-FID Uttarakhand
(34.5%) &33 constituents and 24
& 21 constituents respec-
tively

hydrolysis product of selinidin gave rise to selinitin [34].
Two new coumarin constituents were isolated from
S. vaginatum named selinidin and vaginidin and three known
coumarin compounds angelicin, oroselol and lomatin. The
molecular formula of selinidin and vaginitin are C19H20O5
and C19H22O6 respectively [35]. Three furanocoumarins,
bergapten, heracelenin, and heraclenol were isolated from
the roots of S. tenuifolium and another coumarin from the
same source provisionally designated as ST-1 that has been
proved to be a mixture of imperatorin and 8-geranyloxy-
psolaren by analysis of various reaction products [36].
5.4. Phenolic Compounds
Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of S. vaginatum
revealed antioxidant polyphenolics, named chlorogenic acid
and ferulic acid in the methanolic extract of S. vaginatum
and also indicated the presence of hydroxyl-cinnamic acid
derivative [3]. The rhizome of Selinum vaginatum reported
ample quantity of valerenic acid [17].
5.5. Other Compounds
The structure of two new (1, 2) and ten known com-
pounds (3-12) from the roots of Ligusticopsis wallichiana
(DC) Pimenov & Kljuykov (syn. S. tenuifolium Wall. Ex C.
B. Clarke, S. wallichianum (DC) Raizada & Saxena) and 1,
1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging
activity of the isolated compounds was analyzed. Two new
diacetylene glycosides named bhutkesoside A (1) and
bhutkesoside B (2) along with ten known compounds named
falcarindiol (3), chlorogenic acid (4), 5-O-p-coumarylquinic
acid (5), 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid (6), 4-hydroxy-7-
methoxy-phenylethanol (7), ferulic acid (8), dehydro-
diconiferyl alcohol 4-O-β-glucopyranoside (9), 5,7-dihyroxy-
2-methylchromone-7-O-rutinoside (10), schumanniofioside
Status of Selinum spp. L. A Himalayan Medicinal Plant in India Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2018, Vol. 19, No. 14 1127

Table 3. Identification of chemical component found in Selinum sp. in chronological order.

Structure Identification
Sr. No. References Plant Parts Used Extraction Method Major Isolated Compounds
Techniques

Sheshadri and Sood Roots of S. vaginatum Light petroleum Selinidin (І)

1. UV & IR spectrum
(1964) Clarke extract C9H20O5

Selinidin,
Petroleum ether TLC & UV-visible spec- Oroselol,
2. Sheshadri et al. (1966) Roots of S. vaginatum
extract trum Angelicin and coumarin ester
Selinidin

Sheshadri and Sood Roots of S. vaginatum NMR &Column chroma- Angilicin and
3. Benzene extraction
(1967) Clarke tography A Flavanone (Selinone)
1
Roots of S. carvifolium H-NMR
4. Lemmich et al. (1971) Ether extraction New ester terpene & terpene alcohols
L. UV & IR spectra & MS

Light petroleum Bergaptin,

Chaudhury et al.
5. Roots of S. tenuifolium and benzene extrac- TLC, IR & NMR Heraclenin,

tio y
(1974)
tion Heraclenol and Coumarin

bu nl
n
Angelin, oroselol,

tri O
Sheshadri and Sood Petroleum ether UV, IR & NMR spectral
6. Roots of S. vaginatum lomatin,
(1996) extract studied
Selidinin, vaginidin
is e
Roots of S. cryptotaeni- Extracted with 95% HRESIMS & Secryptotaenint, melissic acid, β-
s
7. (Rao et al. (2003)
um EtOH (61 3 times) NMR sitosterol, etc.
rD U

Roots of Ligusticopsis HR-FAB-MS

wallichiana (DC) 1
Fo al

Extracted with 70% H-NMR Bhutkesoside A and

8. (Adhikari et al. (2015) Pimennov & Kljukov
MeOH at 60ºC 13
C-NMR Bhutkesoside B
(syn. S. tenuifolium
ot on

Wall. ex C.B. Clarke) CC

Bhutkesoside A, falcarindiol, ferulic

N rs

Leaves of L. wallichia- Column Chromatography acid, cnidioside A, quercetin 3-O-β-

na (DC) Pimennov & Shade dried leaves (CC), D-glucopyranoside, rutin, 4′-O-
Pe

9. (Devkota et al. (2018) Kljukov (syn. S. tenui- were extracted with 1 methylquercetin 3-O-β-D-
H-NMR
folium Wall. ex C.B. 70% MeOH. glucopyranoside, scopoletin, umbel-
13
Clarke) C-NMR liferone, eugenol 4-O-β-D-
glucopyranoside and pumilaside A

B (11) and marmesinin (12) were isolated from the roots
[24]. The occurrence of 3, 5-nondiyne was reported from the
roots of S. tenuifolium Wall. [37]. The chemical constituents
of S. cryptotaenium and a new pyranocoumarin, named
secryptotaenin A (1), with 13 known compounds
umbelleferone (2), osthol (3), coumurrayin (4), (+)- heraclenol
(5), longshengensin A (6), anomalin (7), ferulic acid (8),
galactilol (9), stearic acid (10), melissic acid (11), lingoceric
acid (12), β-sitosterol (13) and daucosterol were isolated
from this plant for the first time [38]. The occurrence of
valerenic acid was reported from rhizome of S. vaginatum
with the help of accurate high performance thin layer chro-
matography (TLC) [39]. The non-volatile compounds; a
benzofuran derivative, cnidioside A; three flavonoid deriva-
tives, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), rutin (2), and
4′-O-methylquercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3); two
coumarin derivatives, scopoletin (1) and umbelliferone (2); a
phenylpropene derivative eugenol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
and a eudesmane sesquiterpene glucoside, pumilaside A
were reported first time from the leaves of L. wallichiana
(DC) [25].
6. TRADITIONAL USES
The essential oil component of S. tenuifolium extracted
from fresh leaves and flowers have been used as aroma addi-
tives in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics [4]. The genus
possesses antispasmodic and diuretic properties. The smoke
product of S. tenuifolium has been used for killing or repel-
ling insects. Aerial parts of S. tenuifolium were useful as
stimulant and carminative, whereas essential oil of the roots
showed antimicrobial and antibacterial properties [28].
S. vaginatum has been used in various traditional herbal
medicines to treat neurological disorders like epilepsy, hyste-
ria, syncope, convulsions and mental weakness [3]. Other
Selinum spp. have been used in the treatment of different
1128 Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2018, Vol. 19, No. 14 Srivastava et al.

Table 4. Identification of structure elucidation of natural compound found in Selinum sp. in chronological order.

Sr. No. References Chemical Structure Description

CH3

O
H3C O
Seshadri et al. (1964) O A new Coumarin isolated from
1.
S. vaginatum
H3C
O
H3C

Selinidin(І)
O

HO

tio y
O
Coumarins found in the roots of

bu nl
2. Seshadri et al. (1966) Oroselol
S. vaginatum

n
tri O
is e O O O
s
Angelicin
rD U

O OH
Fo al
ot on

O OH A new flavanone isolated from roots

3. Seshadri et al. (1967)
of S. vaginatum
CH3 O
N rs

H3 C
Pe

Selinone
O

O
O
CH3
A crystalline sequiterpene obtained
4. Mesta et al. (1968) from roots of S. vaginatum C.B
Clarke
HO
H3C
CH3

Vaginatin
O

H3C

A new ester terpene ІІІ isolate from

5. Lemmich et al. (1971)
the root of S. carvifolium
H3C

CH3
2,3,4-trimethyl-benzaldehyde

(Table 4) Contd....
Status of Selinum spp. L. A Himalayan Medicinal Plant in India Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2018, Vol. 19, No. 14 1129

Sr. No. References Chemical Structure Description

CH3
O

O O
Bergapten
H3C

O
H3C

O O Three furano-coumarin extract from

6. Chaudhury et al. (1973) O the roots of S. tenuifolium

Heraclenin

tio y
HO OH

bu nl
n
tri O
O
is e O O O
s
Heraclenol
rD U

O
Fo al

O
ot on

HO
N rs

H3C O
H3C
Pe

Lomatin Coumarin compounds isolate from

7. Seshadri and Sood (1966) H3C the roots of S. vaginatum.
OH

H3C O
O
O O O

Vaginidin

O O O

8. Rao et al. (2004) Roots of S. cryptotaenium

O
Secryptotaenin A

(Table 4) Contd....
1130 Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2018, Vol. 19, No. 14 Srivastava et al.

Sr. No. References Chemical Structure Description

CH3
H

9. Srivastava et al. (2010) From the rhizome of S. vaginatum

H3 C
CH3

O OH
Valerenic acid

C CH3
C
C
C
H3C
Nona-3,5-diyne
O

tio y
bu nl
C CH3

n
C

tri O
C
C
H3C
is e
Nona-3,5-diyn-2-one Five Poly acetylene extracted from
s
10. Chauhan et al. (2012) H3 C the underground parts of S. tenuifo-
lium Wall
rD U

C C C C
O CH3
Fo al

Nona-4,6-diyn-3-one
HO CH3
ot on

C C C C
H2C
N rs

Nona-3,5-diyn-2-ol
H3C
Pe

C C C C
HO CH3
Nona-4,6-diyn-3-ol

OH

HO O
HO
OH
Bhutkesoside A
Dried roots of Ligusticopsis wal-
lichianum (DC) Pimenov & Kljuy-
11. Adhikari et al. (2015) kov (syn. S. tenuifolium ex C.B.
O Clarke, S. wallichianum (DC) Rai-
O OH
zada & Saxena)
O
O
OH

OH OH
Bhutkesoside B

(Table 4) Contd....
Status of Selinum spp. L. A Himalayan Medicinal Plant in India Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2018, Vol. 19, No. 14 1131

Sr. No. References Chemical Structure Description

CH2 CH2

Isolated from root and aerial parts

12. Joshi et al. (2017) of S. wallichianum Raizada &
Saxena.

H3C CH3 H3C CH3

Sabinene β-phellandrene
O
H3C

HO O O
Scopoletin
OH

tio y
First time isolated from the leaves
of L. wallichianum (DC) Pimenov

bu nl
HO H
13. Devkota et al. (2018) OGlc & Kljuykov (syn. S. tenuifolium ex

n
Pumilaside A C.B. Clarke, S. wallichianum (DC)

tri O
Raizada & Saxena.
OH

OCH3
is e s
HO O
rD U

OGlc
Fo al

OH O
4`-O-methylquercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
ot on

Table 5. Identification of traditional uses of different parts of Selinum sp. and their biological activities.
N rs

Traditional Uses in folk Medicines and Biological

References Selinum sp. Parts Used
Pe

Activities

Chinese traditional drug ‘Qian-Hu, used for cough, bronchi-

Rao et al. (2006) S. cryptotaenium Roots tis, asthma, etc.

S. wallichianum (DC) Raizada &
Joshi et al. (2005)
Joshi et al. (2006)
Srivastava et al. (2010)
Vineet et al. (2011)
Chauhan et al. (2012)
Chauhan et al. (2012)
Singh et al. (2012)
Chauhan et al. (2012)
S. tenuifolium Wall. ex C.B.
Mohan et al. (2013)
Oil derived from roots has leucodermal, hypotensive, incense,
Whole plant and roots
Saxena analgesic properties and roots are used as nervine sedative.
S. tenuifolium Wall. Roots Used in hypotension and sedative.
S. vaginatum Roots Valerenic acid used an anti-inflammatory.
Hypotension, as sedative aphrodisiac and has analgesic prop-
S. vaginatum C.B. Clarke Roots
erties.
Showed anti-bacterial properties and smoke produced from
S. tenuifolium Wall. Roots
the roots used for killing or repelling insects.
It has aromatic anti-spasmodic, diuretic properties and also
S. vaginatum Whole plant
used as flavor and fragrance purpose.
Used as an incense and therapeutics in common ailment like
S. wallichianum (DC) Whole plant
cold, cough, fever, wounds, stomachache and toothache etc.
S. candollii Whole plant Produces strong smell due to the presence of essential oil.
Root decoction is useful in diarrhea, cuts, wounds and vomit-
Roots and fruits ing. The mixture of root powder with mustard oil used to cure
Clarke
swelling.

(Table 5) Contd....
1132 Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2018, Vol. 19, No. 14
References Selinum sp.
Pandey et al. (2013) S. vaginatum C.B. Clarke
Ligusticopsis wallichiana (DC)
Adhikari et al. (2015) Pimenov & Kljuykov (Syns. S.
tenuifolium C.B. Clarke)
Joshi et al. (2016) S. tenuifolium
S. candollii
Rana & Samant (2011)
S. tenuifolium
Pant & Samant (2010)
S. vaginatum
Sharma et al. (2005)
S. wallichianum
Hasan et al. (2013)
S. Wallichianum Raizada &
Joshi et al. (2017)
Saxena
kinds of diseases, like root decoction that is useful for diar-
tio y
rhea, cuts and wound, fever, stomachache and vomiting. The
bu nl
mixture of root powder and mustard oil has been used to cure
n
swelling, which develops after delivery in women [9]. The
tri O
roots of S. wallichianum were used to treat body pain, fever,
cough and cold and flower and leaves are used in stomach
is e
ache, cuts and wounds. S. wallichianum has been traditional-
ly used in making of incense and as therapeutic in common
s
ailments like cough, cold fever, wounds, stomachache and
rD U
toothache, etc. [23]. The oil from the roots of S. tenuifolium
had hypotensive, aromatic, sedative and analgesic properties,
the whole plant or its root being used as nervine sedative and
Fo al
offered as a substitute for the species Nardostachys
jatamansi DC [16]. The seeds, leaves and roots of
ot on
S. wallichianum were used in the preparation of Ayurvedic
medicine by pharmaceutical businesses and as spice and
N rs
fodder by rural inhabitants [10]. S. cryptotaenium roots have
been used as the Chinese traditional drug “Qian-Hu” which
is used for the treatment of many ailments such as cough,
Pe
bronchitis, asthma and so on [40]. The roots of S. vaginatum
formed an aromatic drug, used in the fumigation of houses
[41].
CONCLUSION
Many medicinally active species of Selinum are available
all over the world. Phytochemicals from these species are
being characterized and tested for their biological activities
and these may be beneficially used for the treatment of dif-
ferent types of ailments. These plants can be a potential
source of many antibacterial, anti-fungal, insecticidal, anti-
oxidant, anti- repellent, anti-cancerous, anti-feeding, anti-
inflammatory and anti-plasmodial compounds, etc. This re-
view article summarizes botany, pharmacological, pharma-
cognostic and pharmaceutical properties of natural com-
pounds in Selinum spp. found in India and their uses. It also
highlights the importance of this plant in Indian medicinal
system for exploitation as a potent drug and the current sta-
tus of Selinum spp. with a comprehensive summary of vari-
ous natural compounds, uses and recent findings of research
into its processing, phytochemistry and pharmacology. The
plant is being used as an alternative source of Nardostachys
Srivastava et al.
Traditional Uses in folk Medicines and Biological
Parts used
Activities
Used in epilepsy, hysteria, Synope, Convulsion and mental
Whole plant
weakness.
Roots Roots are used to treat body pain, fever, cough and cold
(Watanable et al. 2013). Flower and leaves are used in stom-
Flower and leaves ach ache cuts and wound (Gewali, 2008).
Used in cuts, wound, stomachache and vomiting. The mixture
Roots of root powder and mustard oil is used to cure swelling which
develops after delivery in women.
Tonic.
Whole plant Nervine, Sedative.
Whole plant Skin disease.
Root Cold, cough.
Whole plant S. wallichianum are very aromatic and show antispasmodic
Aerial parts and roots and diuretic properties (Tiwari & Mathela, 2003) and useful
as stimulant and carminatives (Mathela & Sinha, 1976)
jatamansi belonging to the family Caprifoliaceae [3]. Several
reports on anatomy, morphology and chemistry of
S. vaginatum are available, S. wallichianum seems to be little
worked out. However, the recent report on new of
S. wallichianum opens vistas for identification of species
paving a way for resolving the status of several unresolved
Selinum species. The previous research on phytochemical
and pharmacological studies substantiates that the various
compounds isolated from different parts of Selinum plant
retain various pharmacological activities like antimicrobial,
anticancerous, antispasmodic, antioxidant and anti-
inflammatory. The presence of various alkaloids, coumarins,
essential oils, flavonoids and polyacetylenes and other con-
stituents showed that further studies are needed to gain an
insight into detailed biochemical and physiological mecha-
nism responsible for the therapeutic effect of Selinum spp.
More than 20 compounds have been isolated so far and iden-
tified using different separation tools and techniques, how-
ever, extensive or in-depth pharmacological studies of these
compounds are lacking. Most of the pharmacological studies
conducted have used uncharacterized crude extracts of the
plant prepared with organic solvents. It is difficult to repro-
duce results from these studies because of the unknown
chemical constituents used. Thus, there is a need for
bioassay-guided identification to pinpoint bioactive com-
pounds. Furthermore, there is also a need for more advanced
research on their chemistry and pharmacological properties
both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, further investigation
is needed to provide more effective and persuasive evidence
for other traditional uses of this species in the treatment of
various kinds of diseases and ailments such as dysentery,
diarrhea and irregular menstruation etc. The data available
thus far, together with phytochemistry and pharmacology
potential of this plant, brings to light the therapeutic potential
of Selinum spp., which can be used as an alternative medi-
cine for some of the important ailments affecting humans.
There is very little reported on the pharmacological activity
correlated or assigned to a particular chemical component. It
needs to be mentioned here that no clinical trials have been
conducted so far and hence no dose administration has been
determined. At the same time, no toxicity or related adverse
effects have been reported till date. The present review gives
Status of Selinum spp. L. A Himalayan Medicinal Plant in India Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2018, Vol. 19, No. 14 1133

only a preliminary insight into the uses and pharmacological
activities of Selinum spp. in India, and while such activities
can support the therapeutic potential of this plant, clinical
trials are a must to establish the same.
ADULTERANT
The rhizomes and roots of the plants have been of im-
mense medicinal value and therefore, studies in present and
past are more focused on its chemistry. Selinum spp. are used
as an adulterant of Nardostachys sp. because of similar es-
sential oil composition and morphological characters of roots
and rhizome.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
DPPH = 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picryl Hydrazyl
2,4D = 2,4dichloro-phenoxy-acetic acid
GC/FID = Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization De-
tector
[6] NBN Atlas, 2017. Threatened Species List: Red List Great Britain
2001. Availbale from: https://lists.nbnatlas.org/speciesListItem/list/
(Accessed May 12, 2018).
[7] Chawla, A.; Rajkumar, S.; Singh, K.N.; Lal, B.; Singh, R.D.;
Thukral, A.K. Plant species diversity along an altitudinal gradient
of Bhabha Valley in western Himalaya. J. Mountain Sci., 2018,
5(2), 157-177.
[8] IUCN, 2018. The IUCN Red List of Threatened species. Available
from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/search (Accessed May 14, 2018).
[9] Mohan, M.; Singh, P.; Gupta, V.K.; Lohani, H.; Gupta, S. Chemi-
cal composition of Selinum tenuifolium Wall ex CB Clarke: A new
source of α-bisabolol from North-Western Himalaya. J. Essen. Oil
Bea. Plants, 2013, 16(4), 439-442.
[10] Joshi, M.; Rawal, R.S.; Dhar, U. Breaking seed dormancy of Seli-
num wallichianum, a medicinal plant of the Himalaya. Seed Tech.,
2006, 28(1), 87-92.
[11] Chauhan, R.S.; Nautiyal, M.C.; Gilles, F.; Chalard, P. Volatile
composition of underground parts of Selinum vaginatum and possi-
ble uses. J. Chem. Nat. Compd., 2012, 48, 901-902.
[12] Himalayan voices. Himalayan Voices is a non-profit initiative, the
goal being to create awareness on the Himalayas
www.himalayanvoices.org/sites/default/Selinum%20tenuifolium.
(Accessed April 24, 2018).
[13] Himalayan voices. Himalayan Voices is a non-profit initiative, the
goal being to create awareness on the Himalayas Availbale from:

tio y
GC/MS = Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry www.himalayanvoices.org/sites/default/Selinum%20vaginatum.
(Accessed: April 24, 2018).

bu nl
IUCN = International Union for Conservation of Na- [14] Mehra, P.N.; Jolly, S.S. The identity and pharmacognosy of adul-

n
ture and Natural Resources terant of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Planta Med., 1963, 11(1), 8-

tri O
15.
MAPs = Medicinal and Aromatic Plants [15] Purohit, A.N.; Nautiyal, A.R.; Thapliyal, P. Leaf optical property
of an alpine perennial herb Selinum vaginatum Clarke grown at two
MS
is e
= Murashige and Skoog alititudes. Biol. Plant, 1998, 30(5), 373-378.
[16] Singh, V.; Dubey, P.; Srivastava, S. Botanical standardization of
s
MeHg = Methylmercury the Jatamansi, their substitute and adulterant species. Ind. J. Trad.
rD U

Knowled., 2011, 10, 599-603.

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION [17] Vandelook, F.; Bolle, N.; Jozef, A.; Assche, V. Multiple environ-
mental signals required for embryo growth and germination of
seeds of Selinum carvifolia (L.) L. and Angelica sylvestris L.
Fo al

Not applicable.
(Apiaceae). Seed Sci. Res., 2007, 17, 283-291.
[18] Mathur, J.S.; Mukunthakumar, S.; Gupta, S.N.; Mathur, S.N.
ot on

CONFLICT OF INTEREST Growth and morphogenesis of plant tissue cultures under mineral-
oil. Plant Sci., 1990, 74(1991), 249-254.
The authors declare no conflict of interest, financial or [19] Mathur, J. Enhanced somatic embryogenesis in Selinum candollii
otherwise.
N rs

DC. under a mineral oil overlay. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cul.,
1991, 27, 23-26.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS [20] Joshi, M.; Dhar, U.; Manjkhola, S. Somatic embryogenesis and
Pe

plantlet regeneration from encapsulated embryos of Selinum tenui-

We are grateful to acknowledge University Grant Com-
mission (UGC, India) for providing financial support to Mr.
Ravi Prakash Srivastava (No. 2121430322, Ref. No:
21/12/2014). Authors are also thankful to the Head of the
Department of Botany, Lucknow University for providing
necessary research facilities.
REFERENCES
[1] Chauhan, R.S.; Nautiyal, M.C.; Tava, A. Variability in the essential
oil composition of Selinum vaginatum C.B. Clarke. (Apiaceae) in
north-west Himalaya, India. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants, 2014, 17,
906-910.
[2] The Plant List. 2013. Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; Avail-
able from: http://www.theplantlist.org/ (Accessed: 07 July 2018).
[3] Pandey, M.M.; Katara, A.; Pandey, G.; Rastogi, S.; Rawat, A.K.S.
An important Indian traditional drug of Ayurveda jatamansi and its
substitute Bhootkeshi: Chemical profiling and antimicrobial activi-
ty. Evi. Based Com. Alter. Med., 2013, 2013, Article ID, 142517.
[4] Joshi, R.K. Volatile oil composition of aerial parts of Selinum
tenuifolium Wall ex C.B. Clarke from western Himalaya of Utta-
rakhand. Ind. J. M. Plants Studies, 2016, 4(5), 8-10.
[5] Chauhan, R.S.; Nautiyal, M.C.; Tava, A. Essential oil composition
of underground parts of Selinum candollii DC. and their possible
uses. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants, 2012, 15, 864-867.
folium. J. Hort. Sci. Biotech., 2006, 81(4), 570-574.
[21] Bhadula, S.K.; Pandey, O.P.; Purohit, A.N. Thermostability of
acid phosphatase in Selinum vaginatum Clarke and Acer caesium
Wall. grown at low and high altitudes. Biol. Plant, 1986, 28(6),
465-469.
[22] Rawat, L. Leaf litter decomposition and nitrogen concentration in
decomposing leaves of a quercus seme‐carpifolia smith forest
stand of Kumaun Himalaya. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 1995,
26(3&4), 411-424
[23] Srivastava, R.P.; Dixit, P.; Singh, L.; Verma, P.C.; Saxena G.
Comparative morphological and anatomical studies of leaves, stem,
and roots of Selinum vaginatum C.B. Clarke and Selinum tenuifoli-
um Wall. Flora, 2018, 248, 54-60.
[24] Bhoj, S.; Singh, V.; Singh, R.K.; Toppo, S.; Haque, N.; Ebibeni, N.
Antimicrobial activity on common pathogens in essential oil of aer-
ial parts of Selinum wallichianum. Nat. Prod: Indian J., 2012, 8,
233-237.
[25] Adhikari, B.; Devkota, H.P.; Joshi K.R.; Watanabe, T.; Yahara, S.
Two new diacetylene glycosides: Bhutkesoside A and B from the
roots of Ligusticopsis wallichiana. Nat. Prod. Res., 2016, 30, 1577-
1584.
[26] Devkota, H.P.; Adhikari, B.; Watanabe, T.; Yahara, S. Nonvolatile
chemical constituents from the leaves of Ligusticopsis wallichiana
(DC.) Pimenov & Kljuykov and their free radical-scavenging activ-
ity. J. An. Methods Chem., 2018, 2018, Article ID 1794650
[27] Thiagarajan, K.; Gamit, N.; Mandal, S.; Ayyathan, D.M.; Chandra-
sekaran, R. Amelioration of methylmercury induced neural damage
1134 Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2018, Vol. 19, No. 14 Srivastava et al.

by essential oil of S. vaginatum (Edgew) C.B. Clarke. Pak. J.
Pharm. Sci., 2018, 31(2), 399-404.
[28] Chauhan, R.S.; Nautiyal, M.C.; Tava, A.; Mella, M. Chemical
composition of the volatile oil from the root of Selinum tenuifolium
wall. Helvet. Chim. Acta, 2012, 95, 780-787.
[29] Joshi, D.; Anand, B.; Melkani, M.K.; Nailwal, P.R.; Bisht, L.S.
Terpenoid composition of essential oil from a new chemotype of
Selinum wallichianum Raizada & Saxena, Nat. Prod Res., 2017,
32(3), 362-365.
[30] Chauhan, R.S.; Nautiyal, M.C.; Bahuguna, Y.M.; Figueredo, G.;
Chalard, P. 3, 5-Nonadiyne rich accession of Selinum tenuifolium
Wall. from Dayara, Uttarakhand, Himalaya. J. Ess. Oil Bearing
Plants, 2017, 20(3), 878-882.
[31] Mesta, C.K.; Paknikar, S.K.; Bhattacharyya, S.C. The structure of
vaginatin: A new sesquiterpene from the root extractive of Selinum
vaginatum. Chem. Commun., 1968, 584(10), 584-585.
[32] Lemmich, J.; Pedersen, P.A.; Sood, M.S.; Nielsen, B.E. Constitu-
ents of Umbelliferous plant Χ І. Terpenoid from the root of Seli-
num carvifolium L. Acta Chem. Scand., 1971, 25(3), 995-999.
[33] Seshadri, T.R.; Sood, M.S. Constitution of Selinidin: A new cou-
marin from Selinum vaginatum Clarke. Tetrahedron Lett., 1964,
45, 3367-3373.
[34] Seshadri, T.R.; Sood, M.S.; Handa, K.L.; Vishwapaul. Chemical
components of the roots of Selinum vaginatum-1. Coumarins of the
petroleum ether extract. Tetrahedron, 1966, 23(4), 1883-1891.
[35] Seshadri, T.R.; Sood, M.S. Chemical comparison of the roots of
Selinum vaginatum and Nardostachys jatamansi. Phytochem.,
1967, 6, 445-446.
[36] Adityachaudhury, N.; Ghosh, D.; Choudhuri A. Coumarins constit-
uents of Selinum tenuifolium. Phytochemistry, 1974, 13(1), 235-
238.
[37] Dev, V.; Oka, M.; Mathela, C.S.; Murari, N.D.; Stevens, T.H. The
volatile constituents of the roots of Selinum tenuifolium. J. Nat.
Prod., 1984, 47, 904-905.
[38] Srivastava, A.; Tiwari, S.S.; Srivastava, S.; Rawat, A.K.S. HPTLC
method for quantification of valerenic acid in Ayurveda drug jata-
mansi and its substitutes. J. Liq. Chr. Related. Tech., 2010, 33(18),
1679-1688.
[39] Singh, V.; Dubey, P.; Srivastava, S. Botanical standardization of
the Jatamansi, their substitute and adulterant species. Ind. J. Trad.
Knowled., 2011, 10, 599-603.
[40] Rao, G.X.; Gao, Y.L.; Xiao, Y.L.; Li, S.H.; Sun, H.D. Chemical
constituents of Selinum cryptotaenium. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res.,
2006, 8(3), 273-275.
[41] Seshadri, T.R.; Sood, M.S. Constitution of Selinone, A new fla-
vanone from Selinum vaginatum Clarke. Tetrahedron Lett., 1967,
9, 853-855.

tio y
bu nl
n
tri O
is e s
DISCLAIMER: The above article has print) on the basis of the materials provided by the author. The Editorial Department reserves the right
rD U

to make minor modifications for further improvement of the manuscript.

Fo al
ot on
N rs
Pe

PMID: 30588880