Painting

This is an art which brings expression to the experiences of the past as is a presentation art. It is
also a form of visiual art that shows the intrinsic values of man through the creative and
imaginative use of lines, color,venue,shape,medium, and others

Brief History
Even before written record was made available, man had already been engaged in painting as
expressions of his yearning for creativity and communication. This was evident on walls of caves
during Paleolithic period. These paintings are crude pictures of animals and primitive drawings
consisting of few “stick figures”. An example of this is the Angono(Rizal) petroglyphs.
Egyptian Painting
It is associated with prehistoric times and was interpreted as an expression of concepts rather
than a record of sensory experience. The Egyptian’s love for beauty enabled them to create art in
their everyday life.

Hieroglyphics was their first art form which presented images with potential magic. There
are three stages in the development of Egyptian paintings.
They are first, the Old Kingdom which was associated with their kind of worship and life after
death. The next was the Middle Kingdom, which was primarily used in tomb paintings depicting
scenes of local wars, animal life and dancing and hunting scenes. The last one which was the
New Kingdom is found in rock tombs, and is about scenes of funeral and pilgrimages to Abydos.

Greek Painting
It established the classic tradition which is refinement in entasis or the correction of optical
illusion

Roman Painting
It depicted casual and casual and relaxed figures reflecting ideal beauty of the leisurely,
educated, and well-bred life
Early Christian Painting
This is characterized by the tendency towards spiritualized and by progressive abandoned
of the imitation of nature. The paintings are in bright and contrasting colors.

Byzantine Painting
This style of painting is based upon intellectual Greek concepts rather than upon purely
emotional apprehension
Romanesque Painting
This followed the traditions of the spiritual art set by the earlier art. The artist
capitalized on the use of expensive colors and rhythmic composition in order to stir up
religious emotions.

Gothic Painting
This painting was instructional in nature and preserved in miniature form. A good
example is “Lamentation” by Giotto Di Bodini.

Renaissance Painting
 This started about the 14th century and is characterized by the rebirth in the interest and
concern for life towards new discoveries particularly in the field of the arts.

Michaelangelo was the genius of the time both in painting and sculpture though his best
work was in the sculpture.

Leonardo Da Vinci, another master of the period, whose fine example in the use of
“chiaroscuro” or tonal value is evident in his famous painting of the “Mona Lisa” with
the elusive and enigmatic smile.

Mannerism Painting
These are works of painters who are called Mannerists because they were experimenting
on the details of early artist’s style and then combined these to form new and meaning
art. This type of painting is eclectic.
Realist
Claude Monet (1832-1883) A Realist “Luncheon on the Grass” characterized as a work of art
about the blending of clothed and nude figures with landscape and being able to instill life in
one picture.

Impressionist refers to painters who portrayed effects of experience upon the conscience of the
artist.
August Renoir, for example, showed movement in the human (female) form and projecting
this in time and space.

Expressionist started in Germany around the 20th century where the artist used distortion of
color and form to portray inner sensations and turmoil
Van Gogh was an unbalanced expressionist artist from Holland who used strong colors in his
works expressive of his inner turmoil.
Baroque Painting
Originated from the Italian word “barucco” which is philosophical term ,meaning “opposing”
or “contradicting”. The characteristics of these style is that there is a strong dose of realism
and elongated figures.

What is sculpture?
The art of making two or three dimensional representative or abstract forms, especially by
carving stone or wood by casting metal or plaster. The boundary between painting and
sculpture is displaced.
Medium and Technique
STONE
Adobe is one of the example of stone sculpture which is hard and enduring.
MARBLE
 Hard limestone which has a smooth and veined texture suggesting elegance and used for
ornaments and statuary associated with classical sculpture.
SEMI-PRECIOUS STONE
- Jade and crystals
CERAMICS
- made up of special clay and applied to the art of pottery making
TERRACOTTA
- Figures form out of baked clayed fired at low temperature and done manually

METAL
- A strong material that is heated and hammered into shape. Bronze is a metal that is preferred
for sculpture.

Kinds of Sculpture
1.) Free- standing
- is a three- dimensional figure or a kind of sculpture in the round, which is monumental

2.) Relief
- is a sculpture characterized as embossed in which images are set on a flat background and
carvings can be considered as examples.
3.) Kinetic and mobiles
- are moving three-dimensional figures, the best example of which are those that are
suspended on air to move like good luck sign we hang on the door.

Coelenaglyphic
INTAGLIO

History of Sculpture
Prehistoric Sculpture
-sculpture is regarded as the oldest art. The earliest being the carved drawing on rocks of
caves. It is believe that these carving were manifestations of spiritual ritual and manner of
worship.

EGYPTIAN SCULPTURE
The most popular piece of sculpture site of tourism destination in Egypt in the Sphinx. This
is in the form of a gigantic figure with the human head (symbolic of the Pharaoh- the mighty
ruler of Egypt) and the body of the crouching lion symbolic of the grandeur or Egypt.
Mesopotamian Sculpture
this come in the form of free-standing figures based on primitive composure and frontality
and used incised herring bone. The craftsmen worked and applied the technique on gold, silver
and other semi-precious stone.
 Greek Sculpture
-synonymous with the golden age of Athens. Among the earliest works in sculpture were
individual figures, life-size or larger and were dedicated to honor their gods.
Roman Sculpture
Roman portraiture set the early standard of excellence for the western tradition influenced
by the Entruscan style of naturalism.

1 classes of Roman sculpture

Early Christian Sculpture

- sarcophagi sculpture dominated the early Christian sculpture derived from sarcophagus
which was a term used to indicate certain type of limestone for coffin making.

Renaissance sculpture
had some classical influence as seen in the pulpits of the cathedrals of Pisa and Sienna.
Donatello was one of the greatest sculptor of the Renaissance, “David” is one of his famous
artwork

PhILIPPINE PAINTING

PHILIPPINE PAINTING WERE LOST TO OBLIVION BECAUSE OF TWO FACTORS:

- PRIMITIVE ART WERE MADE TO LAST FOR A VERY SHORT LIFE SPAN
“EPHEMERAL.” THEY USE MEDIUMS LIKE THE COMING OF THE SPANISH
COLONIZERS LEAVES AND BARK OF TREES.
- LEFT THEM WITH NO CHOICE BUT TO ACCEPT THE CULTURE OF THE
SPANIARDS.
- THE COMING OF THE SPANIARDS REVOLUTIONIZED AND IS HIGHLY
INFLUENCED BY RELIGION

-THE DOMINANT SUBJECTS WERE RELIGIOUS FIGURES OF JESUS CHRIST,

VIRGIN MARY, AND THE SAINTS.
- THE PAINTING IN THE PHILIPINES CHANGED THROUGH COLONIAL PERIODS.
- THE CLICHÉ “ART FOR ARTS SAKE” AND ARTS FOR MESSAGE THE MESSAGE
SAKE” WERE THE ARTIST PREFERENCES AND UNDERSTANDING OF LIFE AROUND
THEM.
- ART PIECES VARIED FROM EXPRESSION OF JOY AND SADNESS, PEACE AND
CHAOS, AND LANDSCAPE AND FIGURES.

TWO TYPES OF ART IN THE PHILLIPINES

- ETHNIC ART – NATIVE OR INDEGENOUS PHILIPPINE. INFLUENCED BY
SOUTHEAST ASIAN NEIGHBORS. IT HAS CURVATURE AND LINEAR
 PATTERNS OR DESIGNS. THIS IS DEMONSTRATED IN PREHISTORIC
POTTERY SUCH AS SURFACE DECORATIONS BY WAY OF PAINTING,
PIERCING, IMPRESSING, AND ENGRAVING.
- FOLK ART - IT MEANS PEOPLE’S ART AS WELL AS HANDICRAFTS. MOST
OF THESE FOLK ARTS ARE PRODUCED IN QUANTITIES WHEREBY THE
QUALITY AND STYLE MAY VARY BUT THE DESIGN IS ALIKE.
- THREE FOLK ART MOTIF
- 1.) The Serpent-Demon of Art or the Middle of the Naga
- The Naga design is said to be Sanskrit in origin and it means serpent-demon and in
Indian Language, the term is used for cobra and other families of snakes. This art form
is described as the figure with "human face and serpent like lower extremities". This art
has also its counterpart in Bahasa Indonesia as "Dragon or mythological serpent"
whereas in Malay it means "Dragon or Mythical Serpent". In many Maranao (Lanao
and Cebuano) it also means dragon.
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- 2.) The Sarimanok
- This is a cultural symbol of Mindanao. It was influenced by Indonesia and Malaysia
and originated from the Middle East. It is reminiscent of Islamic Art of Umayyad
Dynasty in the 18th century. The word "sarimanok" is derived from the story of a
Sultan of Lanao's daughter Sari who had a birthday party under a balete tree and during
festivity a beautiful rooster appeared and magically disappeared together with Sari
never to return again. This prompted father Sultan to ask his people to carve a rooster,
just like the one that disappeared with his daughter.
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- 3.) Burak (Borak)
- This is also a Muslim folk art and is described as a horse with a human figure.
- TATTOO ART -ANCIENT ART
- SPANISH PERIOD
- History has played a great part in the Philippines painting and the coming of the
Spaniards made an impact in the pictorial art especially with the propagation of
Christianity. influenced a great deal the act of painting because the Church was the
only patron of the art. The natives were engaged in mediocre works due to lack of
formal schooling.
1. JOSE DANS 1840 “HEAVEN, EARTH AND HELL”
- 2. Damian Domingo 19th century “THE HOLY FAMILY” (THE SACRED FAMILIa)
- 3. Antonio malantic“JULIA FRANCIA”
- 4. Jose maria Asuncion “QORD miniaturismo”
- 5. Simon flores y dela rosa“feeding the chicken”
- 6. Felipe roxas
- 7. Pepe lozano
- 8. RaFAEL ENRIQUEZ Pointillist.
- 9. Manuel Zaragoza A Religious figure and portrait painter.
- 10. Juan luna“SPOLARIUM”
- 12. Felix hidalgo Propagandist painter
- AMERICAN PERIOD
13. Fernando amorsoloHe perfected contrasting hues for harmony and this color
scheme was later called Amorsolo color.
- Modern period
- 14. Hernando r. Ocampo“calvary”
- 15. Cesar legaZpi Abstract painter subject matter is local color and people in the
streets.
- 16. Arturo luz Uses gadgets in elements of painting like texture, volume, and color
were those of the machines and the human figures looked like zombies.
- 17. Jose de joya Abstract
- 18. Victor C edades “The builder”
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