MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY

College of H College of Health Sciences

NURSING AS AN ART

Nursing is widely considered as an art and a science, wherein caring forms the
theoretical framework of nursing. Nursing and caring are grounded in a relational
understanding, unity and connection between the professional nurse and the patient.
As an art, the nurse enhances her ability to feel, sense, know and perceive care
delivery in a manner that demonstrate her mastery of the field’s practices. Nursin g
has empowered and transformed situations with the clients towards favorable health
changes.

Lesson 1. Concepts on Caring

Care- an essential human needs, necessary for the health and survival of all
individuals Caring- means that persons, events, projects and things matter to people

Caring Practice Models:

1. Mayerhoff-a process of relating to someone that involves development,
mutual trust and deepening and qualitative transformation of relationship
2. Benner- enables nurses to help clients recover from illness, to give
meaning to that illness and to maintain or reestablish connection
3. Leininger – the essence and central unifying and dominant domain that
distinguishes nursing from the other health disciplines
- she says that there can be no cure without caring, but that there may be
caring without curing.
4. Jean Watson’s Human Caring Theory
-She believes the practice of caring is central to nursing; it is the
unifying focus for practice.

Carative factors – nursing interventions related to human care, a guide Watson

refers to as the “Core of Nursing”.

The 10 Carative Factors:

1. Forming a humanistic-altruistic value system
2. Instilling faith and hope
3. Cultivating sensitivity to oneself and to others
4. Developing a helping- trust (human care) relationship
5. Promoting expression of positive and negative feelings
6. Using the problem- solving method
7. Promoting interpersonal teaching-learning
8. Providing supportive, protective or corrective mental, physical, sociocultural
and spiritual environment
9. Assisting with gratification of human needs
10. Allowing for existential- phenomenological forces

5. Kristen Swanson-identified five processes in caring

5 PROCESSES INVOLVED IN CARING

 MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of H College of Health Sciences

1. Knowing – striving to understand an event as it has meaning in the life of

the other

2. Being with- emotionally present to the other

3. Doing for – doing for the other as he or she would do for the self if it were
at all possible.

4. Enabling – facilitating the other’s passage through life transitions (birth,

death) and unfamiliar events

5. Maintaining beliefs – sustaining faith in the other’s capacity to get

through an event or transition and face a future with meaning

6. Simone Roach-caring is the center of all the attributes of nursing

-can be developed by being true to self, being real and being what a
person
is.

6 C’s of Caring:
1. Compassion-awareness of one’s relationship to others, sharing their
joys, sorrows and accomplishments
-participation in the experience of others

2. Competence-having the knowledge, judgment, skills, energy and

motivation to respond adequately to others within the demands of
professional responsibilities

3. Confidence-the quality that fosters relationship

-comfort with self, client and family

4. Conscience-sense of right and wrong; morals, ethics

5. Commitment-convergence between one’s desires and obligations

and the deliberate choice to act in accordance with them

6. Comportment-appropriate bearing, demeanor, dress and language

that are in harmony with a caring presence
-presenting oneself as someone whom respects others and demands
respect

COMPONENTS OF CARING IN NURSING PRACTICE

1. Providing presence – establishes reassuring presence, eye contact, body

language, voice tone, listening and having positive and encouraging attitude,
act together to create openness and understanding
 MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of H College of Health Sciences

2. Comforting – use of touch and the skillful and gentle performance of nursing
care procedures

3. Listening – paying attention to an individual’s words and tone of voice and

entering into his or her frame of reference

4. Knowing the client – core of the process by which nurses make clinical
diagnosis

5. Spiritual caring – offers a sense of interconnectedness intrapersonally (with

oneself), interpersonally (with others and environment) and transpersonally
(with unseen God or higher power)

6. Family Care – knowing the family as thoroughly as one knows the client

Levels of Care:
1. Primary level-focuses on the maintenance and promotion of health
a. health promotion
b. specific protection

2. Secondary level-focuses on early detection and treatment of diseases

3. Tertiary level-focus of care is on rehabilitation

-highly specialized care and equipment is needed