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Airconditioning Aug 2018 Rev 5 Presentation (1) - 26
Airconditioning Aug 2018 Rev 5 Presentation (1) - 26
ATMOSPHERIC AIR
Total Atmospheric Presure
𝐏𝐭 = 𝐏𝐚 + 𝐏𝐯
𝐃𝐫𝐲 𝐀𝐢𝐫
Total Enthalpy
𝐀𝐭𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜 𝐀𝐢𝐫 H t = Ha + Hv
Ht = ma ha + mv hv
Ht = ma ha + mv hv
mv
ht = ha + hv
ma
ht = ha + ωhv
𝐏𝐭 𝐕𝐭 = 𝐦𝐭 𝐑𝐓 𝐌𝐨𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐀𝐢𝐫 hv = hg @ t sat,v
𝐡𝐭 = 𝐡𝐚 + 𝛚𝐡𝐠
Properties of Moist Air
ATMOSPHERIC AIR
Total Enthalpy
ht = ha + ωhg
kJ Btu
𝐡𝐭 = 𝐜𝐩𝐚 𝐭 𝐝𝐛𝐚 + 𝛚𝐡𝐠 kg a
or
lbma
𝐦𝐯 Pv 𝐏𝐯 kg v lbmv
𝛚= = 0.622 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟐 kg a
or
lbma
𝐦𝐚 Pa 𝐏𝐭 − 𝐏𝐯
Properties of Moist Air
ATMOSPHERIC AIR
Relative Humidity, RH
Pv Vv
mv R v T Pv
RH = = =
mg Pg Vg Pg
RgT
Pg = Psat @ t
𝐏𝐯
𝐑𝐇 =
𝐏𝐬𝐚𝐭 @ 𝐭
Properties of Moist Air
𝐡𝐟 = 𝐭 𝐝𝐛𝐚 − 𝟑𝟐
𝐡𝐠 = 𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟎. 𝟗 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑𝟓𝐭 𝐝𝐛𝐚
Saturation Temperature (in °C) and Saturation Pressure relation (in kPa):
𝐦𝟑 𝐡𝟑 = 𝐦𝟏 𝐡𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐 𝐡𝟐
Humidity balance at mixing point:
𝐦𝟑 𝛚𝟑 = 𝐦𝟏 𝛚𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐 𝛚𝟐
Dry-bulb temp balance at mixing point:
𝐦𝟑
Ans: 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗
𝐤𝐠
Properties of Moist Air Problem 2
h1 = h2
2 𝜔2
25℃ 30℃
𝐤𝐉
Ans: 𝟕𝟔. 𝟏𝟑
𝐤𝐠
Properties of Moist Air Problem 3
A 4 m x 4 m x 4 m room has a
relative humidity ratio of 80%. The
pressure in the room is 120 kPa and
temperature is 35C (Psat = 5.628
kPa). What is the mass of vapor in
the room. Use Rvapor = 0.4615 kN-
m/kg-K.
Ans: 𝟐. 𝟎𝟑 𝐤𝐠 𝐯𝐚𝐩𝐨𝐫
Properties of Moist Air Problem 4
Coil Efficiency
The efficiency of the heating coil or cooling coil to heat or
cool the incoming air to the temperature of cooling coil.
𝐂𝐨𝐢𝐥 𝐄𝐟𝐟. = 𝟏 − 𝐁𝐅
Properties of Moist Air Problem 5
Ans: 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎
Air Mixing Problem 6
t1=50°C t2=35°C
m1=60 kg m2=40 kg
m3=100 kg
t3 = ?
Ans: 𝟒𝟒℃
Air Mixing Problem 7
Recirculated air
𝐦𝐑 = 𝟑𝐦𝐎
AC Room
2
1
UNIT
𝐦𝒔 𝐦𝒔
Qs QL
𝐐𝐑𝐄𝐅 = 𝐦𝐬 𝐡𝟐 − 𝐡𝟏
𝐐𝐬 = 𝐦𝐬 𝐜𝐩𝐚 𝐭 𝟐 − 𝐭 𝟏
𝐐𝐋 = 𝐦𝐬 𝛚𝟐 − 𝛚𝟏 𝐡𝐯
AC Load Calculations
𝐐𝐑 = 𝐦𝐬 𝐡𝟐 − 𝐡𝟏
Introduction of Ventilation Air
𝐐𝐕𝐄𝐍𝐓 = 𝐦𝐨 𝐡𝟑 − 𝐡𝟏
𝐦𝐬
AC Room 𝐦𝐑
2
1 4 3
UNIT 𝐦𝐨
𝐦𝒔 𝐦𝒔
Qs QL
𝐐𝐑𝐄𝐅 = 𝐐𝐑 + 𝐐𝐕𝐄𝐍𝐓
𝐐𝐬 = 𝐦𝐬 𝐜𝐩𝐚 𝐭 𝟐 − 𝐭 𝟏
𝐐𝐋 = 𝐦𝐬 𝛚𝟐 − 𝛚𝟏 𝐡𝐯 𝐐𝐑𝐄𝐅 = 𝐦𝐬 𝐡𝟒 − 𝐡𝟏
AC Load Calculations Problem 8
t db,room = 25℃
RH = 50%
A/C ROOM
t db,s = 15℃
supply air ms
m3
Qs = 5
s
RH = 80%
𝐐𝐬 𝐐𝐋 Ans: 𝟔𝟎. 𝟖 𝐤𝐖
AC Load Calculations Problem 9
Ans: 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎
AC Load Calculations Problem 10
In an auditorium maintained at a
temperature not to exceed 24C and
relative humidity not to exceed 60%,
a sensible heat load of 132 kW and
78 kg of moisture per hour to be
removed. Air is supplied to the
auditorium at 18C. How many
kilograms of air must be supplied per
hour? 𝐤𝐠
Ans: 𝟕𝟗, 𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝐡𝐫
AC Load Calculations Problem 10
t db,room = 24℃
RH = 60%
A/C ROOM
t db,s = 18℃
supply air
ms =?
𝐐𝐬 = 𝟏𝟑𝟐 𝐤𝐖 𝐐𝐋 𝐤𝐠
Ans: 𝟕𝟗, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐡𝐫
AC Load Calculations Problem 11
𝐦𝐬
𝐐𝐑𝐄𝐅
2
1 4 3
UNIT 𝐦𝐨 = 𝟐𝟎%𝐦𝒔
𝐦𝒔 𝐦𝒔
𝟑𝟒℃
𝟏𝟓℃ 𝟔𝟎% 𝐑𝐇
2
1 4 3
UNIT 𝐦𝐨 = 𝟐𝟎%𝐦𝒔
𝐦𝒔 𝐦𝒔
𝟑𝟒℃
𝟏𝟓℃ 𝟔𝟎% 𝐑𝐇
𝐐𝐕
(GEO4VA)
COOLING TOWERS
TYPES OF COOLING TOWERS
2. Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower (Induced Draft-counter flow)
COOLING TOWERS
TYPES OF COOLING TOWERS
2. Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower (Induced Draft-cross flow)
COOLING TOWERS
COOLING TOWER ANALYSIS
1. Range Hot Water Temperature (In)
Difference between
cooling water inlet and
outlet temperature:
Range
(In) to the Tower
Range = CW inlet temp
(Out) from the Tower
– CW outlet temp
Difference between
cooling tower outlet
cold water temperature
Range
and ambient wet bulb (In) to the Tower
temperature: (Out) from the Tower
Approach = CW outlet
temp – Wet bulb temp
Cold Water Temperature (Out)
𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐜𝐡 = 𝐭 𝐰,𝐨𝐮𝐭 − 𝐭 𝐚,𝐖𝐁
Approach
𝐑𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞
𝐂𝐓 𝐄𝐟𝐟. =
𝐑𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 + 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐜𝐡
Range
(In) to the Tower
𝐭 𝐰,𝐢𝐧 − 𝐭 𝐰,𝐨𝐮𝐭 (Out) from the Tower
𝐂𝐓 𝐄𝐟𝐟. =
𝐭 𝐰,𝐢𝐧 − 𝐭 𝐚,𝐖𝐁
𝐦𝐦𝐰 = 𝐦𝐚 𝛚𝟐 − 𝛚𝟏
COOLING TOWERS
COOLING TOWER ANALYSIS
5. Energy balance on CT (SSSF)
Q water = Q air
𝐦𝐰 𝐜𝐰 𝐭 𝐰𝟏 − 𝐭 𝐰𝟐 = 𝐦𝐚 𝐡𝐚𝟐 − 𝐡𝐚𝟏
Cooling Towers Problem 12
𝐭 𝟏 = 𝟗𝟔℉
1
𝐐 = 𝟑𝟎 𝐠𝐩𝐦
𝐭 𝟐 = 𝟖𝟖℉
2
𝐁𝐭𝐮
Ans: 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟒
𝐦𝐢𝐧
Cooling Towers Problem 13
𝟒 𝐱 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝟒𝐀 𝐜
𝐃𝐇 = = = 𝟒𝐑 𝐇
𝐖𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐏𝐰
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐀𝐜
𝐑𝐇 = =
𝐖𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐏𝐰
Ducts Problem 14
Ans: 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎 𝐦
Ducts Problem 15
Humid Air
𝐦𝟑
3
𝐦𝟏 = 𝐦𝐚 DRYING 𝐦𝐅
2 𝐦𝟐 4
1 CHAMBER
HEATER Wet Feed
Supply Air Heated Air
𝐦𝐩 5
𝐐𝐇
Dried Product
DRYERS
Dryer Efficiency 𝐐𝐀 = 𝐦𝐚 𝛚𝟑 − 𝛚𝟐 𝐡𝐯,𝐚
Humid Air
𝐐𝐀,𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐐𝐀 𝐦𝟑 = 𝛚𝟑 𝐦𝐚
ŋ𝐝𝐫𝐲𝐞𝐫 = =
𝐐𝐒,𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐐𝐇 3
𝐦𝟐 = 𝛚𝟐 𝐦𝐚
𝐦𝟏 = 𝐦𝐚 DRYING 𝐦𝐅
2 4
1 CHAMBER
HEATER Wet Feed
Supply Air Heated Air
𝐦𝐩 5
𝐐𝐇
Dried Product
𝐐𝐇 = 𝐦𝐚 𝐡𝟐 − 𝐡𝟏
DRYERS
Bone-dry weight or dry weight
Is the final solid weight reached by a hygroscopic substance.
Regain
Is the hygroscopic moisture content of a substance expressed as a
percentage of the BDW of the material.
𝐰𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐨𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐦𝐰
𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧 = =
𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞 − 𝐝𝐫𝐲 𝐰𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐦𝐁𝐃
Moisture Content
𝐰𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐨𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐦𝐰
𝐌𝐨𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 = =
𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬 𝐰𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐦𝐓
𝐦𝐓 = 𝐦𝐁𝐃 + 𝐦𝐰
DRYERS
FEED PRODUCT
water, 𝐦𝐰𝐅 |
water, 𝐦𝐰𝐩 |
DRYING
𝒎𝒘
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝟓% 𝐦𝐨𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐦 5
𝒎𝑷 𝐩
𝟗𝟓% 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐝
𝒎𝑩𝑫
= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓 Dried Product
𝒎𝑷
𝐥𝐛𝐦 𝑯𝟐 𝑶
Ans: 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟖𝟗𝟓
𝐥𝐛𝐦 𝐟𝐞𝐞𝐝
Dryers Problem 17
Humid Air
𝐦𝐬 𝐑𝐇𝟑 = 𝟕𝟎%
𝐓𝟑 = 𝟑𝟏𝟎 𝐊
3
𝐏𝟐𝐯 = 𝟏. 𝟒 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝐓𝟐 = 𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝐊
DRYING 𝐦𝐅
2 𝐦𝐬 4
CHAMBER
Wet Feed
Heated Air 𝟐𝟏𝟓% 𝐦𝐨𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 (𝐝𝐫𝐲 𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐬)
𝐤𝐠 𝒎𝒘
𝐦𝐅 = 𝟏. 𝟓 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟓
𝐬 𝒎 𝑩𝑫
𝐦𝐩 5
𝟓% 𝐦𝐨𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐰𝐞𝐭 𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐬
𝒎𝒘 Dried Product
𝒎𝒑
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝐤𝐠 𝐚
Ans: 𝟒𝟗. 𝟒𝟖
𝐬
“The more I PRACTICE,
the Luckier I get.”
-Gary Player