BRAKES

Presented by:
Cerda, Joshua
What is a Brake?
◦a device for slowing or stopping a moving
vehicle, typically by applying pressure to
the wheels.
 BAND BRAKE
• Band brake is a primary or
secondary brake, consisting
of a band of friction material
that tightens concentrically
around a cylindrical piece of
equipment to either prevent
it from rotating (a static or
"holding" brake), or to slow
it (a dynamic brake).
◦ Bicycle Band Brake
BAND BRAKE 1. Tension Ratio
  𝐹1 𝑓 𝜃
=𝑒
𝐹2

R  •
Where:
= force on the tight side, N or lb
= force on the slack side, N or lb
f = coefficient of friction
= angle of contact, rad
L
= constant
BAND BRAKE
2. Torque developed by the braking
action
 •
Where:
T = Torque (N-m or lb-in.)
)R
  R = radius (mm or in.)
= force on the tight side, (N or lb)
= force on the slack side, (N or lb)
BAND BRAKE
3. Actuating Force
 •
Where:
= force on the slack side, (N or lb)
 
𝐹2 ( 𝑎 )
𝐹 𝑎= a = distancing between , mm or in.
𝐿 L = lever arm, mm or in.
BAND BRAKE
4. Maximum unit Pressure
 •
Where:
  𝐹1 = force on the tight side, (N or lb)
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = w = band width, (mm or in.)
𝑤𝑅 R = radius of the drum (mm or in.)
= maximum unit pressure (Mpa or psi)
BAND BRAKE
4. Maximum allowable stress
 •
Where:
  𝐹1 = force on the tight side, (N or lb)
𝑆 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = w = band width, mm or in.
𝑤𝑡 t = band thickness (mm or in.)
= maximum allowable stress (Mpa or psi)
BAND BRAKE Sample Problem #
• A differential band brake
18
band has an operating lever
0.230 m long. The ends of the brake band are attached so
the their operating arms are 28 mm and 152 mm long. The
brake-drum diameter is 61 cm, the arc of contact is 300
deg. , the coefficient of friction if 0.22 and the brake band
is 3mm x 102 mm. Compute the minimum force required
at the end of the operating lever to subject this band
pressure of 5.5 Mpa.
A.) 15 kN C.) 15 kN

B.) 23 kN D.) 23 kN
 Solution:
Σ 𝑀 𝑜 =0 ( Clockwise )
◦ 

0.028
  𝐹1 +0.23 𝐹=0.152 𝐹 2 ⟶ 𝑒𝑞𝑛 .(1)

Σ 𝑀 𝑜 =0 ( Clockwise )
 

0.028
  𝐹1 +0.23 𝐹=0.152 𝐹 1 ⟶ 𝑒𝑞𝑛 .(2)
 Solution:
Using the maximum pressure given:
 
0.61
𝐹1 =𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 ( 𝑟 𝑏 )=5500
2 ( )
(0.102)
 𝐹 =171.1 kN
1

  2𝜋
171.1 (
( 0.22 ) 300 𝑥
360 )
=𝑒
𝐹2
𝐹2 =54.07 kN
 
Solution:
From : eqn. (1):

0.028(17.1)+ 0.23 𝐹 =0.152(54.07)

 

𝐹=14.98 kN
 
BAND BRAKE Sample Problem #
• A simple band brake has a
15
76 cm drum and fitted with a
steel band 2/5 cm thick lined with a brake lining having a
coefficient of friction of 0.25. the arc of contact is 245 deg
and the drum is attached to a 60 cm hoisting drum, that
sustains a rope load of 820 kg. The operating force has a
moment arm of 1.50 m and a band is attached 12 cm from
the pivot point. Compute the torque just required to
support the load clockwise
A.) 2413.96 N-m C.) 4434.5 N-m

B.) 4515.45 N-m D.) 3215.5 N-m

 Solution:
𝑑
◦ 

T =𝑊 ( )
2
 
0.60
( )
T =( 820 𝑥 9.81 )
2
T =2413.26 N
 
BAND BRAKE Sample Problem # 23
• A machine band brake is installed on a 900 mm diameter drum
rotating at 250 rpm. It was found out that the angle of contact is
270 degrees and one end of the brake band is fasted to a fixed pin
while the other end to the brake arm 150 mm from the fixed pin.
The straight brake arm is 1 m long and is placed in the orientation
perpendicular to the diameter bisecting the angle of contact. With
the minimum force at the end of the brake arm necessary to stop
the drum that absorbed 50 kW power, compute the approximate
width of the steel band considering its maximum tensile stress of
55 Mpa and thickness of 30 mm. Note the coefficient of friction is
0.035. A.) 30 mm C.) 10 mm

B.) 17 mm D.) 12 mm
Solution:
𝐹1 =1.179(23.71)
 

𝐹=27.95 kN
 

  𝐹1
𝑆 1=
𝑏𝑡 3
 
27.95 𝑥 10
55=
𝑏 (30)
 
b
BAND BRAKE Sample Problem # 16
• A simple band brake has a 76 cm drum and fitted with a
steel band 2/5 cm thick lined with a brake lining having a
coefficient of friction of 0.25. The arc of contact is 245
deg and the drum is attached to a 60 cm hoisting drum,
that sustains a rope load of 820 kg. The operating force
has a moment arm of 1.50 m and a band is attached 12
cm from the pivot point. Compute the force required
considering that the direction of rotation is reversed.
A.) 772 N C.) 459 N
B.) 545 N D.) 876 N
 Solution:
◦ 
Σ 𝑀 𝑜 =0
 
(1.5)𝐹=(0.12) 𝐹1
 𝐹=0.08 𝐹 ⟶ 𝑒𝑞𝑛 .( 𝐴)
1

  𝐷
( )
T =( 𝐹 1 − 𝐹2 )
2
  𝐷
𝐹1 − 𝐹 2=
2 ( )
⟶ 𝑒𝑞𝑛 .( 𝐴)
 BLOCK BRAKE
• a friction brake
consisting of one or
more shoes (such as
wooden blocks) to be
pressed against a
wheel or other moving
part
◦ Train Block Brake
BLOCK BRAKEThe Braking Torque
 
T =f F𝑟 h

R
 • Where:
= radial force (N or lb)
f = coefficient of friction
h = effective moment arm of friction (mm or in.)
T = constant
 BLOCK BRAKE
 • For a large angle of contact
 • Note:
  𝑃 𝑚𝑎𝑥 WR 1.) if uniform normal
T= (𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 )
2 pressure between the3
drum and the shoe maybe
assumed.
 • Where:
2.) if the pressure between
W = axial width of block (mm or in) the brakes shoe and the
R = radius of the surface of the drum drum con not be considered
= maximum normal pressure between block uniform anymore
and drum (Mpa or psi.)

= angle of contact (rad or deg.)

References
◦https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake
◦https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/block%20brake
◦https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_brake