Important Questions For CBSE Class 12 Maths Chapter 6

Important Questions for Class 12
Maths
Chapter 6 - Applications of Derivatives
Very Short Answer Questions 1 Mark
1. The side of a square is increasing at the rate of 0.2 cm / sec . Find the rate
of increase of perimeter of the square.
Ans: It is given that the side of a square is increasing at the rate of 0.2 cm / sec .
Let us consider the edge of the given cube be x cm at any instant.
According to the question,
The rate of side of the square increasing is,
dx
 0.2 cm / sec...(i)
dt
Therefore the perimeter of the square at any time t will be,
P  4x cm
By applying derivative with respect to time on both sides, we get
dP d(4x)
 
dt dt
dP dx
 4
dt dt
dP
  4  0.2  0.8 cm/sec
dt
Hence from equation (i). The rate at which the perimeter of the square will
increase is 0.8 cm/sec .
Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 1

2. The radius of the circle is increasing at the rate of 0.7 cm / sec . What is the
rate of increase of its circumference?
Ans: It is given that the radius of a circle is increasing at the rate of 0.7 cm / sec .
Let us consider that the radius of the given circle be r cm at any instant.
The rate of radius of a circle is increasing as,
dr
 0.7 cm / sec ...(i)
dt
Now the circumference of the circle at any time t will be,
C  2 cm
By applying derivative with respect to time on both sides, we get

dC d(2r)
 
dt dt
dC dr
  2
dt dt
dC
  2  0.7  1.4 cm / sec
dt
From the equation (i). We can conclude that the rate at which the circumference
of the circle will be increasing is 1.4  cm / sec
1
3. If the radius of a soap bubble is increasing at the rate of cm / sec . At
2
what rate its volume is increasing when the radius is 1 cm .
Ans: It is given that the radius of an air bubble is increasing at the rate of
0.5 cm / sec .
Let us consider that the radius of the given air bubble be r cm and let V be the
volume of the air bubble at any instant.

The rate at which the radius of the bubble is increasing is,
dr
 0.5 cm/sec ... (i)
dt
4
The volume of the bubble, i.e., volume of sphere is V  r 3
3
By applying derivative with respect to time on both sides,
4 
d  r 3 
  
dV 3

dt dt
4 dr 
3
dV
  
dt 3 dt
dV 4 dr
    3r 2
dt 3 dt
dV
  4r 2  0.5 ... ii 
dt
When the radius is 1cm ,
The above equation becomes
dV
  4  (1) 2  0.5
dt
dV
  2 cm3 /sec
dt
Hence the volume of air bubble is increasing at the rate of 2 cm3 /sec .
4. A stone is dropped into a quiet lake and waves move in circles at a speed
of 4 cm / sec . At the instant when the radius of the circular wave is 10 cm ,
how fast is the enclosed area increasing?
Ans: It is given that when a stone is dropped into a quiet lake and waves are
formed which moves in circles at a speed of 4 cm / sec .

Let us consider that,
r be the radius of the circle and A be the area of the circle.
When a stone is dropped into the lake, waves are formed which moves in circle
at speed of 4 cm / sec .
Thus, we can say that the radius of the circle increases at a rate of ,
dr
 4 cm/sec
dt
Area of the circle is r 2 , therefore
dA d  r 
2
 
dt dt
dA d r2 
 
dt dt
dA dr
    2r
dt dt
dA
  2r  4. (ii)
dt
Hence, when the radius of the circular wave is 10 cm , the above equation
becomes
dA
  2  10  4
dt
dA
  80 cm 2 /sec
dt
Thus, the enclosed area is increasing at the rate of 80 cm2 /sec .
5. The total revenue in rupees received from the sale of x units of a product
is given by, R(x)  13x2  26x  15 . Find the marginal revenue when x  7 .
Ans: Marginal revenue is the rate of change of total revenue with respect to the
number of units sold.

Let us consider ‘MR’ be the marginal revenue, therefore
dR
MR 
dx
It is given that,
Total revenue, i.e., R(x)  13x 2  26x  15 …(1)
We need to find marginal revenue when x  7

i.e., MR when x  7
d(R(x))
 MR 
dx
d 13x 2  26x  15 
 MR 
dx
d 13x 2
  d(26x)  d(15)
 MR 
dx dx dx
d  x2  d(x)
 MR  13  26 0
dx dx
 MR  13  2x  26
 MR  26x  26
 MR  26(x  1)
Taking x  7 , we get
 MR  26  7  1
 MR  26  8
 MR  208
Therefore, the required marginal revenue is Rs 208 .
6. Find the maximum and minimum values of function f (x)  sin2x  5 .
Ans: Given function is,

f (x)  sin 2x  5

We know that,
1  sin   1,  R
1  sin 2x  1
Adding 5 on both sides,
1  5  sin 2x  5  1  5
4  sin 2x  5  6
Therefore,
Max value of f (x)  sin 2x  5 will be 6 and,
Min value of f (x)  sin 2x  5 will be 4.
7. Find the maximum and minimum values (if any) of the function
f (x)   | x  1| 7x  R
Ans: Given equation is f (x)   | x  1| 3
| x  1| 0
  | x  1| 0
Maximum value of g(x)  maximum value of  | x  1| 7
077
Maximum value of f (x)  3
There is no minimum value of f (x) .
8. Find the value of a for which the function f(x)  x2  2ax  6,x  0 is
strictly increasing.
Ans: Given function is f (x)  x 2  2ax  6,x  0
It will be strictly increasing when f '  x   0 .

f '  x   2x  2a  0
 2 x  a   0
 xa 0
ax
But x  0
Therefore, maximum possible value of a is 0 and all other values of a will be less
than 0.
Hence, we get a  0 .
9. Write the interval for which the function f (x)  cosx,0  x  2 is

decreasing.
Ans: The given function is f (x)  cos x,0  x  2 .
It will be a strictly decreasing function when f '  x   0 .
Differentiating w.r.t. x , we get
f '  x    sin x
Now,
f ' x   0
  sin x  0
 sin x  0 i.e.,  0,  
Hence, the given function is decreasing in  0,  .
log x
10. What is the interval on which the function f (x)  ,x  (0, ) is
x
increasing?
log x
Ans: The given function is f (x)  , x  (0, ) .
x

It will be a strictly increasing function when f '  x   0 .
log x
f (x) 
x
Therefore,
1 log x
f  (x)   2
x2 x
1  log x
f  (x) 
x2
f  (x)  0
1  log x 2
 0
x2
 1  log x  0
 1  log x
ex
Therefore, f (x) is increasing in the interval  0,e  .
4
11. For which values of x , the functions y  x4  x3 is increasing?
3
4
Ans: The given function is y  x 4  x 3
3
It will be a strictly increasing function when f '  x   0 .
f '  x   0 and,
f '  x   4x 3  4x 2
f '  x   4x 2 (x  1)
4x 2 (x  1)  0
Now,
dy
 0  x  0, x  1
dx

Since f  (x)  0x  (,0)  (0,1) and f is continuous in (,0] and $[0,1]$.
Therefore f is decreasing in (,1] and f is increasing in [1, ) .
Here f is strictly decreasing in (,0)  (0,1) and is strictly increasing in (1, )
1
12. Write the interval for which the function f (x)  is strictly decreasing.
x
Ans: The given equation is
1
f ( x) 
x.
It will be a strictly decreasing function when f '  x   0 .
1
f (x)  x 
x
1
 f  (x)  1 
x2
x2 1
 f (x)  2

x
 f (x)  0

x2 1
 0
x2
 x2 1  0
 x  1
The intervals are (, 1),(1,1),(1, )
f  (0)  0
 Strictly decreasing in (1,1)

13. Find the sub-interval of the interval (0,  / 2) in which the function
f (x)  sin 3x is increasing.
Ans: The given function is f (x)  sin 3x
On differentiating the above function with respect to x , we get,
f  (x)  3cos3x
f (x) will be increasing, when f  (x)  0
 
Given that x   0, 
 2
 3 
 3x   0, 
 2 
Cosine function is positive in the first quadrant and negative in the second
quadrant.
case 1:
 
When 3x   0, 
 2
 cos3x  0
 3cos3x  0

 f  (x)  0 for 0  3x 
2

 f  (x)  0 for 0  x 
6
 
 f (x) is increasing in the interval  0, 
 6
case 2:
  3 
When 3x   , 
2 2 
 cos3x  0

 3cos3x  0
 3
 f  (x)  0 for  3x 
2 2
 
 f  (x)  0 for x
6 2
 
 f (x) is decreasing in the interval  , 
6 2
14. Without using derivatives, find the maximum and minimum value of
y | 3sinx  1| .
Ans: The given function is y | 3sin x  1|
Maximum and minimum values of sin x  {1,1} respectively.
Therefore, the value of the given function will be maximum and minimum at only
these points.
Taking sin x  1
y | 3  (1)  1| 2
Now, put sin x  1

y | 3  1  1| 4
This maximum and minimum values of the given function are 4 and 2
respectively.
15. If f (x)  ax  cos x is strictly increasing on R , find a .
Ans: It is given that the function f (x)  ax  cos x is strictly increasing on R
Here function, f (x)  ax  cos x
Differentiating f (x) with respect to x we get,

f  (x)  a  ( sin x)  a  sin x
for strictly increasing, f  (x)  0
Therefore,
a  sin x  0 it will be correct for all real value of x only when a  (1,1)
Hence the value of a belongs to (1,1) .
16. Write the interval in which the function f(x)  x9  3x7  64 is increasing.
Ans: The given function is f (x)  x9  3x 7  64 .
For it to be a increasing function f '  x   0
On differentiating both sides with respect to x, we get

f (x)  x 9  3x 7  64
 f  (x)  9 x 8  21x 6
 f '  x   3x 6  3x 2  7 
function is increasing.
3x 6  3x 2  7   0
 function is increasing on R .
17. What is the slope of the tangent to the curve f  x   x 3  5x  3 at the point
whose x co-ordinate is 2?
Ans: The given equation of the curve is f  x3  5x  3 …(1)
When x  2 ,
y  23  5.2  3
y  8  10  3
y 1

Therefore, the point on the curve is  2, 1 .
Differentiating equation (1) with respect to x, we get

dy
 3x 2  5
dx
dy
Slope of tangent
dx
Since x  2 ,
 3.22  5
 12  5
7
Hence the slope of tangent is 7.
18. At what point on the curve y  x2 does the tangent make an angle of 45
with positive direction of the x -axis?
Ans: The given equation of the curve is y  x 2
Differentiating the above with respect to x ,

dy
  2x 21
dx
dy
  2x ...1
dx
So,
dy
 The slope of tangent  tan 
dx
The tangent makes an angle of 45 with x -axis
dy
 tan 45  1(2)
dx
Because the tan 45  1

From the equation (1) & (2), we get
 2x  1
1
x
2
1
Substitute x  in y  x 2
2
2
1
 y 
2
1
y
4
1 1
Hence, the required point is  ,  .
2 4
19. Find the point on the curve y  3x2  12x  9 at which the tangent is
parallel to x -axis.
Ans: The given equation of the curve is y  3x 2  12x  9 .
Differentiating the above equation with respect to x, we get

dy
 6x  12
dx
m  6x  12
dy
dx
If the tangent is parallel to x-axis.
m0
 6x  12  0
x2
When x  2 , then

y  3.22  12.2  9
y  12  24  9
y  3
Hence, the required point  x, y    2,  3 .
20. What is the slope of the normal to the curve y  5x2  4sinx at x  0 .
Ans: The given equation of the curve is y  5x 2  4sin x .

dy
 10x  4cos x
dx
dy
dx
Thus, slope of tangent at x  0 is,
 10  0  4cos0
044
Hence, slope of normal at the same point is,
m1  m 2  1
 4  m 2  1
1
 m2 
4
21. Find the point on the curve y  3x2  4 at which the tangent is
1
perpendicular to the line with slope 
6
Ans: Given,

1
The curve y  3x 2  4 and the Slope of the tangent is
6
y  3x 2  4
Differentiating the above w.r.t x
dy
  2  3x 21  0
dx
dy
  6x  (1)
dx
Since, tangent Is perpendicular to the line,
1
 The Slope of the normal 
The Slope of the tangent
1 1
i.e., 
6 6x
1 1
 
6 6x
 x 1
Substituting x  1 in y  3x 2  4
 y  3(1)2  4
$ y  3  4 $
y7
Thus, the required point is (1,7) .
22. Find the point on the curve y  x2 where the slope of the tangent is equal
to the y  co-ordinate.
Ans: Given, equation of curve is y  x 3
On differentiating both sides with respect to x , we get

dy
 3x 2
dx
It is given that Slope of tangent  y -coordinate of the point
dy
or y
dx
 dy 
or 3x 2  y   3x 2 
 dx 
or 3x 2  x 3  y  x 3 
or 3x 2  x 3  0 or x 2 (3  x)  0
or Either x 2  0 or 3  x  0
 x  0,3
Now, on putting x  0 and 3 in Eq. (i), we get
y  (0)3  0 [at x  0 ]
y  (3)3  27 [ at x  3 ]
Hence, the required points are (0,0) and (3,27) .
23. If the curves y  2ex and y  ae x intersect orthogonally (cut at right
angles), what is the value of a ?
Ans: The given equation of the curves are y  2ex and y  ae x .
On differentiating both equations with respect to x, we get

y  2ex
dy
 m1  2e x
dx

y  ae  x
dy
 m 2  ae  x
dx
two curves cut orthogonally when m1  m 2  1
2ex   ae x   1 (from above)
or 2a  1
1
or a 
2
1
So the condition being orthogonally is when a  .
2
1
24. Find the slope of the normal to the curve y  8x2  3 at x  .
4
Ans: The given equation of the curve is y  8x 2  3 .

dy
 16x
dx
dy
dx
1 
So, slope of tangent at  ,0  .
4 
 dy  1
  1  16   4
 dx  x  4 4
Let,
m1  4 .
Since, normal and tangent are perpendicular to each other.

 m1  m 2  1
 4  m 2  1
1
 m2 
4
1
Hence slope of normal at the same point is .
4
25. Find the rate of change of the total surface area of a cylinder of radius r
and height h with respect to radius when height is equal to the radius of the
base of cylinder.
Ans: As we know that total surface area of cylinder  S  2r 2  2rh …(1)
Given,
Height is equal to the radius of the base of cylinder.
On differentiating equation (1) with respect to r, we get
dS
 4r  2h
dr
Here,
S = surface area of cylinder and r = radius of cylinder.
Since, Height is equal to the radius of the base of cylinder, i.e., h  r .
Thus, rate of change of total surface area of cylinder when the radius is varying
given by,
 4r  2h  h  r 
 4r  2r
 6r

26. Find the rate of change of the area of a circle with respect to its radius.
How fast is the area changing w.r.t. its radius when its radius is 3 cm?
Ans: The area of a circle (A) with radius (r) is given by,
A  r 2
Now, the rate of change of the area with respect to its radius is given by,
  r 2   2r
dA d
dr dr
At r  3 cm
dA
 2(3)  6
dr
27. For the curve y  (2x  1)3 find the rate of change of slope at x  1 .
Ans: The equation of the curve is y  (2x  1)3
On differentiating with respect to x , we get

y'  3(2x  1) 2  2
y'  6(2x  1) 2
Rate of change of slope at x  1
y'  6(2(1)  1) 2
 6(2  1) 2
 6(9)
 54
28. Find the slope of the normal to the curve


x  1  asin  ; y  bcos 2  at  
2
Ans: Given,

x  1  a sin  and y  bcos2  .
On differentiating both sides with respect to  , we get

dx
  a cos 
d
dy
and  2 bcos ( sin )  2 bsin  cos 
d
 dy 
dy  d  2bsin  cos  2b
   sin 
dx  dx  a cos  a
 
 d 

Therefore, the slope of the tangent at   is given by,
2
 dy  2b
  
 dx  4 a

Hence, the slope of the normal at   is given by,
2
1 1 a
  
 2b 2b
slope of the tangent at  
4 a
29. If a manufacturer's total cost function is C(x)  1000  40x  x2 , where x

is the output, find the marginal cost for producing 20 units.
Ans: The given cost function is C(x)  1000  40x  x 2 .
Marginal cost is the rate of change of total cost with respect to output (unit
produced)
Let MC be the marginal cost,

dC
MC 
dx
We need to find the marginal cost when 20 units are produced, i.e.,
dC
MC  at x  3
dx
Now,
dC
MC 
dx
1000  40x  x 2
MC 
dx
MC  0  40  2x
MC  2x  40
We need MC at x  20 .
On putting x  20 .
MC  2  20  40
MC  40  40
MC  80
Hence, the required marginal cost is Rs. 80.
30. Find ' a ' for which f (x)  a(x  sinx) is strictly increasing on R .
Ans: The given equation is f (x)  a(x  sin x) .

f (x)  a(x  sin x)
f  (x)  a(1  cos x)
For f (x) to be increasing, we must have
f  (x)  0
 a(1  cos x)  0(1)

We know,
1  cos x  1, x  R
 0  (1  cos x)  2, x  R
 a  0 [ From eq  (1)]
 a  (0, ) or a  0.
Short Answer Questions 4 Marks
31. A particle moves along the curve 6y  x3  2 . Find the points on the curve
at which the y co-ordinate is changing 8 times as fast as the x coordinate.
Ans: The given equation of the curve is 6y  x 3  2 .
Differentiating both sides with respect to t,

dy dx
6  3x 2 0
dt dt
dy dx
2  x2
dt dt
 dy dx 
It is given that,   8 ,
 dt dt 
Therefore, we have,
 dx  dx
2 8   x2
 dt  dt
dx dx
 16  x2
dt dt
  x 2  16 
dx
0
dt
 x 2  16  0
 x  4

When x  4,
43  2
y
6
66
y  11
6
when x  (4),
(4)3  2
y
6
62 31
y 
6 3
 31 
Hence, the points required on the curve are (4,11) and  4, .
 3 
32. A ladder 5 metres long is leaning against a wall. The bottom of the ladder
is pulled along the ground away from the wall at the rate of 2 cm / sec. How
fast is its height on the wall decreasing when the foot of the ladder is 4 metres
away from the wall?
Ans: Consider y m be the height of the wall at which the ladder touches and let
the foot of the ladder be x m away from the wall.
Then, by Pythagoras theorem, we have:
x 2  y2  25 [Length of the ladder  5 m ]
 y  25  x 2
Then, the rate of change of height (y) with respect to time (t) is given by,
dy x dx
 
dt 25  x 2 dt
dx
It is given that  2 cm / s
dt

dy 2x
 
dt 25  x 2
Now, when x  4 m , we have:
dy 2  4 8
  
dt 25  42 3
8
Hence, the height of the ladder on the wall is decreasing at the rate of  cm / s .
3
33. A balloon which always remain spherical is being inflated by pumping in

900 cubic cm of a gas per second. Find the rate at which the radius of the
balloon increases when the radius is 15 cm .
Ans: Consider the volume of the sphere be V with radius r.
4
Its volume is given by V  r 3 .
3
Therefore, rate of change of volume V with respect to time t is given by,
dV dV dr
  .
dt dr dt
dV dr
  4r 2 .
dt dt
dV
It is given that  900 cm3 /s .
dt
dr
 900  4r 2 .
dt
dr 900
 
dt 4r 2
dr 225
  2
dt r
Hence, when radius is 15 cm.

dr 225
 
dt  15
2
dr 1
  cm/s
dt 
34. A man 2 meters high walks at a uniform speed of 5 km / hr away from a

lamp post 6 metres high. Find the rate at which the length of his shadow
increases.
Ans: Consider AB be the lamp post.
Let at any time t, the man CD be at distance x meters from the lamp post and 9
meters he length of the shadow.
dx
 5 km / hr
dt
Clearly ABC and CDE are similar,
AB AE
 
CD CE
6 xy
 
2 y
 3y  x  y
 2y  x

dy dx
2 
dt dt

dy 5  1000
2 
dt 60
dy 5  100 500
   m / min
dt 12 12
dy 5
  km / h
dt 2
35. Water is running out of a conical funnel at the rate of 5 cm3 / sec . If the
radius of the base of the funnel is 10 cm and altitude is 20 cm , find the rate
at which the water level is dropping when it is 5 cm from the top.
Ans: Given,
Water is running out at the rate of 5 cm3 / sec , therefore
dV
Rate in decrease in volume  5 cm3 / sec
dt
Radius of the base of the conical funnel = r = 10 cm.
Altitude of the conical funnel = h = 5 cm.
The volume of water present in the conical flask at any time is given by
1
V  r 2 h (1)
3
When the flask is full, i.e., r = 10 cm and h = 5 cm. The ratio of r : h remains
same all through the cone.
r 1
so, 
h 2
h
r
2
Putting it in (1)

2
1 h
 V    h
3 2
1
 V  h 3
12
Differentiating both sides with respect to t,
dV 1 dh
  3 h 2
dt 12 dt
 2 dh
5 h
4 dt
when h  5cm
20 dh
 52
 dt
dh 4
  cm / sec
dt 5
36. The length x of a rectangle is decreasing at the rate of 5 cm / sec and the
width y is increasing as the rate of 4 cm / sec when x  8 cm and y  6 cm .
Find the rate of change of
(a) Perimeter
Ans: Given,
Length (x) is decreasing at the rate of 5 cm / sec
Width ( y ) is increasing at the rate of 4 cm / sec
dx dy
  5 cm / sec and  4 cm / sec
dt dt
Therefore, the perimeter (P) of the rectangle  2  x  y 
dP  dx dy 
  2  
dt  dt dt 

dP
  2  5  4   2 cm / sec
dt
Hence, the perimeter is decreasing at the rate of 2 cm/sec
(b) Area of the rectangle.

Ans: Length (x) is decreasing at the rate of 5 cm / sec
Width ( y ) is increasing at the rate of 4 cm / sec
dx dy
  5 cm / sec and  4 cm / sec
dt dt
Therefore, the area (A) of the rectangle  x  y
 dA   dx dy 
    y  x 
 dt  x 8,y 6  dt dt  x 8,y 6
 dA 
   6(5)  8(4)  2 cm 2 / sec
 dt  x 8,y 6
Hence, the area is increasing at the rate of 2 cm2 / sec .
37. Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12c.c / sec . The falling sand
forms a cone on the ground in such a way that the height of the cone is always
one-sixth of the radius of the base. How fast is the height of the sand cone
increasing when height is 4 cm ?
Ans: It is given that,
Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12c.c / sec .
Let us consider,
r  radius; h  height ;V  Volume of sand cone, t  time
1
Height of the cone  of the radius of the base.
6

1
h  r or r  6 h
6
Given,
dV
h  4 cm;  12 cm3 / s
dt
1
Since the falling sand forms a cone therefore volume of the cone  V  r 2 h
3
Substituting the value of r in the above formula, we get
1
 (6 h) 2 h
3
36 h 3

3
 12h 3
Differentiating with respect to t,
dV dh
  12  3 h 2
dt dt
dh
 12  12  3(4) 2
dt
dh 1
  cm / s
dt 48
38. The area of an expanding rectangle is increasing at the rate of 48 cm2 / sec
The length of the rectangle is always equal to the square of the breadth. At
what rate is the length increasing at the instant when the breadth is 4.5 cm
?
Ans: It is given that the expanding rectangle is increasing at the rate of
48 cm2 / sec .
Let us consider the length of rectangle be l and breadth be b.

Area of the rectangle,
A  lb
Differentiating both sides with respect to time (t), we get
dA d[l  b]
 
dt dt
d(u.v) dv du
Using product rule of differentiation given as:   u  v , we get,
dx dx dx
dA db dl
 l b
dt dt dt
dA
On substituting  48 , we get,
dt
dl db
b  l  48 ...(1)
dt dt
It is also given that the length of the rectangle is always equal to the square of its
breadth. Therefore,
 l  b2
Differentiating both sides with respect to time (t) , we get,
dl db
  2b
dt dt
db 1 dl
 
dt 2b dt
db
So, substituting the value of I and in equation (1), we get,
dt
dl 1 dl
b  b2   48
dt 2b dt
3b  dl 
    48
2  dt 

dl 32
 
dt b
In order to find the rate of increase in length when the breadth of the rectangle is
4.5 cm .
Substitute b  4.5 in the above relation, we get,
dl 32
 
dt 4.5
dl 32  10
 
dt 45
dl 64
   7.11cm/sec
dt 9
Hence, the length of the rectangle is increasing at the rate of 7.11cm/sec .
39. Find a point on the curve y  (x  3)2 where the tangent is parallel to the
line joining the points (4,1) and (3,0) .
Ans: It is given that the points are (3,0) and (4,1) .
Equation of the curve is y  (x  3)2 .
Let us consider y  f (x)
Then,
f (x)  (x  3)2 ,x [3,4]
Since f (x) is a polynomial function f (x) is continuous in [3, 4]
On differentiating the above equation, we get
f  (x)  2(x  3) which exists in (3,4)
Therefore, it is also differentiable in (3,4)
Hence both the conditions of Lagrange's Mean value theorem is satisfied.

f (3)  0
f (4)  1
f  (c)  2(c  3)
1 0
 2c  6 
43
 2c  6  1n
 2c  7
7
c 
2
7
 (3, 4)
2
Since c is the x -coordinate of that point at which the tangent is parallel to the
chord joining the points (3,0) and (4,1) .
7
On putting x  in equation (1) we get
2
2
7  1
y    3 
2  4
7 1
Hence the required points are  ,  .
2 4
40. Find the equation of all lines having slope zero which are tangents to the
1
curve y  2 .
x  2x  3
1
Ans: It is given that the equation of the curve is y 
x  2x  3
2
The slope of the tangent to the given curve at any point (x, y) is given by,
dy (2x  2)
 2
dx  x  2x  3
3

dy 2(x  1)
 2
dx  x  2x  3
3
If the slope of the tangent is 0, i.e., m  0 , then we have:

2(x  1)
0
 x 2  2x  3
3
1 1
When x  1 and y  
1 2  3 2
 1
The equation of the tangent through 1,  is given by,
 2
y  y1  m  x  x1  one point form
1
y  0(x  1)
2
1
y
2
41. Prove that the curves x  y 2 and xy  k cut at right angles if 8k 2  1 .
Ans: The given equation of the curves are,

x  y 2 ... i 
xy  k ... ii 
Let the curves cut each other at  a,b  , then
From equation, we get

a  b2 and ab  k
x  y2 and xy  k
On differentiating the above equations, we get

dy dy
1  2y ; x y0
dx dx
dy 1 dy  y
 ; 
dx 2y dx x
1 b
Slope at a,b  and slope at a,b  .
2b a
1 b
m1  ; m2 
2b a
Since curves cut at right angles, therefore,
 m1 m 2  1
1 b
  1
2b a
 2a  1
a  b 2 and ab  k  from above 
 b2  b  k
 b3/2  k
 b  k 2/3
Substituting in equations (1), we get
 2  b2  1
2
 2.k 3  1
 8k 2  1
42. Find the equation of the normal at the point  am2 ,am3  for the curve
ay 2  x3 .
Ans: It is given that the equation of curve is ay2  x 3 .
On differentiating the above equation with respect to x , we get

dy
 2ay  3x 2
dx
dy 3x 2
 
dx 2ay
Slope of the tangent to the curve at  am2 ,am3  is,
3  am 2 
2
 dy 
  
 dx  am ,am  2a  am 
3
2 3
 dy  3a 2 m 4 3 m
   2 3
 dx  am ,am  2a m
2 3 2
3m
Let us consider m1  .
2
Since, tangent and normal are perpendicular to each other, Therefore,
m1  m 2  1
Let the slope of normal be m 2 .
Slope of normal at  am2 ,am3  ,
 m1  m 2  1
3m
  m 2  1
2
1 2
 
slope of the tangent at  am ,am  3 m
2 3
Equation of the normal at  am2 ,am3  is,
2
 y  am3 
3m
 x  am 2 
 3my  3am 4  2x  2am 2

 2x  3my  am 2  2  3 m 2   0
 2x  3my  am 2  2  3 m 2 

43. Show that the curves 4x  y 2 and 4xy  k cut as right angles if k 2  512
Ans: The given equation of the curves are,

 4x  y 2 ... i 
 4xy  k ... ii 
We have to prove that two curves cut at right angles if k 2  512 .

Now,
4x  y2
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we get
dy
 4  2y 
dx
dy 2
 
dx y
2
 m1  …(iii)
y
4xy  k
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we get
 dy 
 4 1  y  x   0
 dx 
dy
yx 0
dx
dy  y
 
dx x
y
 m2  ... iv 
x
Since the two curves intersect orthogonally.
 m1  m 2  1

2 y
   1 [From(iii) and (iv)]
y x
2
  1
x
x2
Now,
 4xy  k
  y2  y  k [ Since ,4x  y]
 y3  k
1
yk 3
On substituting y  k in equation (i), we get,

3
2
 13 
 4x   k 
 
2
 4 2  k3
2
 8  k3
 k 2  (8)3 [Taking cube on both sides]
 k 2  512
44. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y  3x  2 which is

parallel to the line 4x  y  5  0 .
Ans: The equation of the given curve is y  3x  2 .
Let the slope of the tangent to the given curve at any point (x, y) is given by,
On differentiating the above equation with respect to x, we get

dy 3

dx 2 3x  2
The equation of the given line is 4x  2y  5  0 .
4x  2y  5  0
5
 y  2x  (which is of the form y  mx  c 
2
 Slope of the line  2
Now, the tangent to the given curve can be parallel to the line 4x  2y  5  0
only if the slope of the tangent is equal to the slope of the line.
3
 2
2 3x  2
3
 3x  2 
4
9
 3x  2 
16
9 41
 3x  2
16 16
41
x
48
41
When x  then
48
 41 
y  3   2
 48 
41
y 2
16
41  32
y
16

9
y
16
3
y
4
 41 3 
Equation of tangent at point  ,  is given by  y  y1   m  x  x1  .
 48 4 
3  41 
y  2 x  
4  48 
4y  3  48x  41 
  2 
4  48 
48x  41
 4y  3 
6
 24y  18  48x  41
 48x  24y  23
Hence, the equation of the required tangent is 48x  24y  23 .
45. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve x  y  a at the point
 a2 a2 
 4 , 4 .
 
Ans: The given equation of the curve is x  y a.
As to find the slope of the tangent of the given curve, differentiate with respect
to x
1 1  dy 
   0
2 x 2 y  dx 
dy x
 
dx y

 a2 a2 
At  ,  slope m is  1
4 4
Equation of the tangent is given by y  y1  m  x  x1 
a2  a2 
y  1 x  
4  4
a2
xy
2
 2x  2y  a 2
16
46. Find the points on the curve 4y  x3 where slope of the tangent is .
3
Ans: The equation of the given curve is y  x 3 .
To get the slope of the given curve, differentiate both the sides with respect to x.
dy
 3x 2
dx
When the slope of the tangent is equal to the y -coordinate of the point,
then
dy
 y  3x 2
dx
On substituting y  x 3 in the above equation.
 3x 2  x 3
 x 2 (x  3)  0
 x  0, x  3
When x  0 , then y  0  y  x3 

When x  3 , then y  3(3)2  27 .
Hence, the required points are (0,0) and (3,27) .
x y
47. Show that   1 touches the curve y  be x/a at the point where the
a b
curve crosses the y -axis.
Ans: The abscissa of the point where the curves intersects the axis of y i.e., x  0
 y  b  e0/a  b  e0  1
Therefore the slope point of intersection on the curve with y- axis is (0, b) .
Now slope of the given line at (0,b) is given by
1 1 dy
 1   0
a b dx
dy 1
  b
dx a
dy 1
  b
dx a
dy b
   m1 [say]
dx a
Also the slope of the curve at (0, b) is,
1
dy  x /a
  be a
dx
dy b  x /a
  e
dx a
 dy  b 0
   e
 dx (0, b) a
 dy  b
    m2 [say]
 dx (0, b) a

b
since m1  m 2 
a
From above we can conclude that the line touches the curves at the point where
the curves intersects the axis of y.
48. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve given by x  asin3 t ,

y  bcos3 t at a point where t  .
2
Ans: The given equation of the curves are x  asin3 t and y  bcos3 t .
On differentiating the above equations with respect to t, we get,

dx
 3a sin 2 t cos t and
dt
dy
 3b cos 2 t sin t
dt
So,
dy dy / dt

dx dx / dt
3bcos 2 t sin t
 2 2
3a sin t cos t
bcos t

a sin t

When t  , then
2

bcos
 dy  2 0
   
 dx  t  2 
a sin
2

So, when t  then x  a and y  0 .
2


So, at t  or at (a,0) , equation of tangent of given curve
2
y  0  0(x  a) or y  0 .
x
49. Find the intervals in which the function f (x)  log(1  x)  ,x  1 is
1 x
increasing or decreasing.
Ans: Given function is,
x
f (x)  log(1  x) 
1 x
We need to find intervals at which f (x) is increasing or decreasing.
x
f (x)  log(1  x) 
1 x
1  (1)(1  x)  x(0  1) 
 f  (x)   
1 x  (1  x) 2 
1 1  x  x 
 
1  x  (1  x) 2 
1 1
 
1  x (1  x) 2
1 x 1 x
 
(1  x) 2
(1  x) 2
For f (x) to be increasing, f  (x)  0
x
0
(1  x)2
x  0  (1  x)2  0, Domain: (1, ) 

x  (1,0) for f (x) to be decreasing
 f (x) is increasing on (0, ) and decreasing on (1,0) .
50. Find the intervals in which the function f(x)  x3  12x2  36x  17 is
(a) Increasing
Ans: The given function is f (x)  x 3  12x 2  36x  17
On factorising,
f (x)  3x 2  24x  36
f (x)  3(x  6)(x  2)
For f (x) to be increasing, we must have f  (x)  0 .
 3(x  6)(x  2)  0
 x  2 or x  6
 x  (,2)  (6, )
So, f (x) is increasing on (,2)  (6, ) .
(b) Decreasing.
Ans: The given function is f (x)  x 3  12x 2  36x  17
On factorising,
f (x)  3x 2  24x  36
f (x)  3(x  6)(x  2)
For f (x) to be decreasing, we must have f  (x)  0 .
 3(x  2)(x  6)  0
2x6
So, f (x) is decreasing on (2,6) .

51. Prove that the function f  x   x 2  x  1 is neither increasing nor
decreasing in  0, 1 .
Ans: The given function is f (x)  x 2  x  1 .
On differentiating the above function with respect to x, we get
f  (x)  2x  1
1 
f  (x)  0, x   ,1 [ f  (x)  0  strictly increasing]
2 
 1
f  (x)  0, x   0,  [ f  (x)  0  strictly decreasing]
 2
clearly, from above we can conclude that,
1 
f (x) is strictly increasing in the interval  ,1
2 
 1
f (x) is strictly decreasing in the interval  0, 
 2
 f (x) is neither increasing nor decreasing on the whole interval (0,1) .
x
52. Find the intervals on which the function f (x)  is decreasing.
x 1
2
x
Ans: The given function is f (x)  .
x2  1
f ' x  
x 2
 1 .1  x.2x
x  1
2 2
x 2  1  2x 2
f ' x  
x  1
2 2

1  x2
f ' x  
1  x 
2 2
f ' x  
1  x 1  x 
1  x  2 2
When x  1,
1  x  0 and 1  x  0
 1  x 1  x   0
Hence, f'  x   0
When x  1,
1  x  0 and 1  x  0
 1  x 1  x   0
Hence, f '  x   0
x
Therefore, the interval of x when f (x)  is decreasing is  ,  1  1,  
x2  1
x3
53. Prove that f (x)   x 2  9x,x  [1,2] is strictly increasing. Hence find
3
the minimum value of f (x) .
x3
Ans: The given function is f (x)   x 2  9x, x [1,2]
3
1
f '  x   3x 2  2x  9
3
 x 2  2x  9
To prove that the given function is strictly increasing.
f '  x  should be greater than equal to zero

x 2  2x  9  0
Putting x  1, we get
x 2  2x  9  0
1 2  9  0
80
f '  x  is greater than equal to zero, the given function is strictly increasing
To find the minimum value of f (x) ,put x  1
1
f (x)   1  9
3
1
 8
3
25

3

54. Find the intervals in which the function f (x)  sin4 x  cos4 x,0  x  is
2
increasing or decreasing.

Ans: The given function is f (x)  sin 4 x  cos 4 x,0  x  .
2
f (x)  sin 4 x  cos 4 x or,
f  (x)  4sin 3 x cos x  4cos 3 x sin x
f  (x)  4sin x cos x   sin 2 x  cos 2 x 
f  (x)  2sin 2x cos 2x
f  (x)   sin 4x
On equating,
f  (x)  0 or  sin 4x  0

or 4x  0, ,2,.
 
or x  0, ,
4 2
   
Sub-intervals are 0,  ,  , 
 4 4 2
 
Or f '  x   0 in 0, 
 4
 
or f (x) is decreasing in 0,  and,
 4
 
f  (x)  0 in  , 
4 2
 
f  (x) is increasing in  ,  .
4 2
55. Find the least value of ' a ' such that the function f(x)  x2  ax  1 is
strictly increasing on (1,2) .
Ans: The given function is f (x)  x 2  ax  1 .

f  (x)  2x  a
Now, function f will be increasing in (1,2) , if f  (x)  0 in (1,2) .
 2x  a  0
 2x  a
a
x
2
Therefore, we have to find the least value of a such that

a
x , when x  (1,2)
2
Hence, the least value of a for f to be increasing on (1,2) is given by,
a
1
2
 a  2
Hence, the required value of a is 2 .
3 5
56. Find the interval in which the function f (x)  5x  3x ,x  0 is strictly

2 2
decreasing.
3 5
Ans: The given function is f (x)  5x 2  3x 2 , x  0
Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b) .
If f  (x)  0 for all x  (a,b) , then f (x) is decreasing on (a,b)
Here we have,
3 5
f (x)  5x 2  3x 2 , x  0

d  32 5

 f '(x)   5x  3x 2 
dx  
15 12 15 32
 f '(x)  x  x
2 2
1
15
 f '(x)  x 2 (1  x)
2
For f (x) lets find critical point, we must have
 f  (x)  0

15 12
 x (1  x)  0
2
1
 x (1  x)  0
2
 x  0,1
clearly, f  (x)  0 if 0  x  1
and f  (x)  0 if x  1
Thus, f (x) increases on (0,1) and f (x) is decreasing on interval x  (1, ) .
57. Show that the function f(x)  tan1 (sinx  cosx) , is strictly increasing on
 
the interval  0,  .
 4
Ans: The given function is f (x)  tan 1 (sin x  cos x)
 
We need to show that the given function is increasing in  0,  .
 4
Applying first derivative with respect to x , we get
d  tan 1 (sin x  cos x) 

f (x) 

dx
Applying the differentiation rule for tan 1 , we get
1 d(sin x  cos x)
f  (x)  
(sin x  cos x)2  1 dx
Applying the sum rule of differentiation, we get
1  d(sin x) d(cos x) 
f  (x)  
(sin x  cos x) 2  1  dx dx 
But the derivative of sin x  cos x and that of cos x   sin x , so

1
f  (x)  [cos x  ( sin x)]
(sin x  cos x)2  1
Expanding (sin x  cos x)2 , we get
cos x  sin x
f  (x) 
sin x  cos 2 x  2sin x cos x  1
2
But sin 2 x  cos2 x  1 and 2sin x cos x  sin 2x , so the above equation becomes,
cos x  sin x
f  (x) 
1  sin 2x  1
cos x  sin x
f  (x) 
sin 2x  2
Now for f (x) to be decreasing function we need f  (x)  0 ,
cos x  sin x
 0
sin 2x  2
 cos x  sin x  0
 cos x  sin x
 
But this is possible only if x   0, 
 4
 
Hence the given function is increasing function in  0,  .
 4
 
58. Show that the function f (x)  cos  2x   is strictly increasing on
 4
 3 7  
 8 , 8 .
 
 
Ans: The given function is f (x)  cos  2x  
 4

dy  
 2sin  2x  
dx  4
3 7
Since, x
8 8
3 7
  2x  (Multiplying 2 on all sides)
4 4
 
   2x   2 (adding on all sides)
4 4
i.e., 3rd and 4th quadrant.
 
So, sin  2x   is negative
 4
dy
 is positive.
dx
Hence, f (x) is increasing in the given interval.
sin x  
59. Show that the function f (x)  is strictly decreasing on  0, 2  .
x  
sinx
Ans: The given function is f  x  = .
x
Differentiating the above function with respect to x we get,
x  cosx  -sinx 1
f  x  =
x
2
xcosx-sinx
f  x  =
x2
 π
Let us assume that the above function is decreasing in the interval  0,  .
 2

We know that a function is decreasing if and only if f   x   0 that is,
xcosx-sinx
0
x2
xcosx  sinx
 π
As we know that the values of cosx is positive for all x   0,  we can divide
 2
both sides of the equation with cosx without changing the inequality sign that is,
x  tanx
 π
This equation is true for all values of x   0,  .
 2
sinx
Therefore, our assumption is true that is the given function f  x  = is
x
 π
decreasing in the interval  0,  .
 2
Using differentials, find the approximate value of (Q. No. 60 to 64).

1
60. (0.009) 3
Ans:
Using first order approximation,
f (x  x)  f (x)  f  (x)x
Here assume,
f (x)  x1/3
1
 f  (x)  x 2/3
3
 (0.009)1/3  (0.008  0.001)1/3

1
 (0.008)1/3  (0.008) 2/3  0.001  0.208
3
1
61. (255) 4
Ans: Let us consider,

x  256
x  x  255
Then,
x  1
For x  256 ,
1
y  (256)  44
Let:
dx  x  1
1
Now, y  (x) 4
dy 1
  3
dx 4(x) 4
 dy  1
  
 dx  x 256 256
dy 1 1
y  dy  dx   1 
dx 256 256
1
 y   0.003906
256
1
 (255)  y  y  3.99609  3.9961

4
1
62.  0.0037  2
Ans: Let us consider y  x
Let x  0.0036 and x  0.0001

Since y  x
dy d( x )

dx dx
dy 1

dx 2 x
Now,
dy
y  x
dx
dy 1
 (0.0001)
dx 2 x
dy 1
 (0.0001)
dx 2 0.0036
dy 1
  (0.0001)
dx 2  0.06
dy 0.0001

dx 0.12
dy 1
  0.000833
dx 1200
Also,
y  f (x  x)  f (x)
1 1
So, y  (x  x) 2  (x) 2
On putting values,
1 1
0.000833  (0.0036  0.0001)  (0.0036)

2 2
 36  2
1
0.000833  (0.0037)   2

 10000 

1
2
 6 
1 2
0.000833  (0.0037)  2

 100 
1 1
2
0.000833  (0.0037) 2  (0.06) 2
0.000833  (0.0037)  (0.06)

2
0.000833  0.06  (0.0037) 2

1
0.060833  (0.0037) 2
(0.0037) 2  0.060833
1
Thus, the Approximate Value of (0.0037) 2  0.060833 .
63. 0.037
Ans: Let us consider y  x .
Let x  0.04 and x  0.003 ,

Then,
y  x  x  x
y  0.037  0.04
 y  0.2  0.037
Now, dy is approximately equal to y and is given by
 dy 
dy    x
 dx 
1
 (0.003)
2 x
1
 (0.003)
2 0.04
 0.0075

Thus, the approximate value of 0.037 is 0.2  0.0075  0.1925 .
64. 25.3.
Ans: Let us consider y  x
where x  25 and x  0.3
Since y  x
dy d( x )

dx dx
dy 1

dx 2 x
Now,
dy
y  x
dx
1
y  (0.3)
2 x
1
y  (0.3)
2 25
1
y   0.3
25
0.3
y   0.03
10
Also,
y  f (x  x)  f (x)
Putting values,
y  x  x  x
0.03  25  0.3  25

0.03  25.3  5
0.03  5  25.3
25.3  5.03
Hence, approximate value of 25.3 is 5.03 .
65. Find the approximate value of f (5.001) where f(x)  x3  7x2  15 .
Ans: First we need to break the number 5.001 as x  5 and x  0.001 and use
the relation f (x  x)  f (x)  xf  (x) .
Let us consider,
f (x)  x 3  7x 2  15
 f  (x)  3x 2  14x
Let x  5 ,
and x  0.001
Also,
f (x  x)  f (x)  xf  (x)
Therefore,
f (x  x)   x 3  7x 2  15  x 3x 2  14x 
 f (5.001)   53  7  52  15    3  52  14  5  (0.001)
(as x  5, x  0.001)
 125  175  15  (75  70)(0.001)
 035  (5)(0.001)
 35  0.005  34.995

66. Find the approximate value of f (3.02) where f(x)  3x2  5x  3 .
Ans: It is given that the function is f (x)  3x 2  5x  3
where x  3 and x  0.02 ,

On differentiating the function with respect to x, we get
f  (x)  6x  5
Now,
y  f  (x)x
 (6x  5)0.02
Putting x  3 ,
 (6  3  5)0.02
 23  0.02
 0.46
Now,
f (x  x)  f (x)  y
f (3.02)  f (3)  0.46
  3  32  5  3  3  0.46
 (27  15  3)  0.46
 45  0.46
 45.46
Hence, approximate value of f (3.02) is 45.46.
Long Answer Type Questions 6 Marks
67. Show that of all rectangles inscribed in a given fixed circle, the square
has the maximum area.
Ans: Let x and y be the length and breadth of a rectangle inscribed in a circle

of radius r . If A be the area of rectangle then
A xy
A  x  4r 2  x 2
On differentiating the function with respect to x, we get
dA 1
 x  (2x)  4r 2  x 2
dx 2 4r  x
2 2
dA 2x 2
  4r 2  x 2
dx 2 4r  x
2 2
dA  x 2  4r 2  x 2

dx 4r 2  x 2
dA 4r 2  2x 2

dx 4r 2  x 2
Since, ABC is a right angled triangle.
 4r 2  x 2  y 2
 y 2  4r 2  x 2
 y  4r 2  x 2 ... i 
dA
For maximum or minimum,  0.
dx
4r 2  2x 2
 0
4r 2  x 2
 2x 2  4r 2

 x  2r
Again, on differentiating the function with respect to x, we get
1  2x
4r 2  x 2 . 4x    4r 2  x 2 .
2 4r 2  x 2
2
dA

 
2
dx 2 4r 2  x 2
d 2 A 4x  4r  x   x  4r  2x 
2 2 2 2

 4r 2  x 2 
3/2
dx 2
d 2 A x 16r  4x  4r  2x 
2 2 2 2

 4r 2  x 2 
3/2
dx 2
d 2 A x  12r  2x 
2 2

 4r 2  x 2 
3/ 2
dx 2
When x  2r ,
d A 2


2r 12r 2  2   2r
2
 4r   2r  
 dx 2  2 3/2
  x 2r 2
 d 2A  2r  8r 2
 dx 2  
 2r 
3
  x 2r
2 2
 d 2A  8 2r 3
 dx 2    4  0
  x 2r 2 2r 3
Hence, A is maximum when x  2r .
On substituting x  2r in equation (i), we get
y  4r 2  2r 2  2r , i.e., x  y  2r .
Therefore, area of rectangle is maximum when x  y , i.e., rectangle is square.

68. Find two positive numbers x and y such that their sum is 35 and the
product x2 y 5 is maximum.
Ans: It is given that the sum of positive numbers is 35,

x  y  35
 x  35  y ...1
Let p be the product,
p  x 2 y 2  (35  y) 2  y5 
p   352  y 2  70y  y 5
p  1225y5  y 7  70 y 6 ... 2 
dp
For product to be maximum 0
dy
On differentiating the above equation (2) with respect to y, we get
dp
 1225  5y4  7y6  70  6y5
dy
 7y4 875  y2  60y   0

dp
dy
dp
 7y4 (y  35)(y  25)
dy
dp
0
dy
7y4 (y  35)(y  25)  0
hence y  0,25,35
When y  0  x  35 and x 2 y5  0
When y  25  x  10 and x 2 y5  976562500
When y  35  x  0 and x 2 y5  0 .

Hence maximum when two numbers are 25,10.
69. Show that of all the rectangles of given area, the square has the smallest
perimeter.
Ans: Let us consider x and y be the length and breadth of rectangle whose are is
A and perimeter is P .
We know,
 P  2(x  y) ...1
A  xy
A
y  ...(2)
x
Substituting value of (2) in (1) we get,
 A
 P  2 x  
 x
dP  A
  2 1  2  …(3)
dx  x 
For maximum or minimum values of perimeter P
dP
 0
dx
 A
 2 1  2   0
 x 
A
1 2  0
x
x A
2
x A [Dimension of rectangle is always positive]

Now,

On again differentiating equation (3) with respect to x, we get
d 2P  (1)  2 A
 2 0  A  3   3
 x  x
2
dx
 d 2P  2a
 2   0
 dx  x  A ( A)3
i.e., for x  A, P (perimeter of rectangle) is smallest.
A A
y   A
x A
Hence, for smallest perimeter, length and breadth of rectangle are equal.
x  y  A  i.e., rectangle is square.
70. Show that the right circular cone of least curved surface area and given
volume has an altitude equal to 2 times the radium of the base.
Ans: Let us consider r,1 and h be the radius, slant height and altitude of the cone
respectively, then
1
Volume of the cone  V  r 2 h ...(1)
3
3V
Height of the cone  h  ...(2)
r 2
S  rl , squaring both sides
S2  2r 212  r 2  h 2  r 2   12  r 2  h 2 
 9 V2 2 
 r  2 4 r 
2 2
[from (2)]
 r 
9 V2
S2  2
 2 r 4 , differentiating with respect to  r 
r

ds 18 V 2
2S  3
 42 r 3 …(3)
dr r
For maximum or minimum,
ds
 0
dr
18 V 2
 3
 4 2 r 3  0
r
18 V 2
 4 2 r 3 
r3
 2 2 r 6  9 V 2
1
 9  2 r 4 h 2 [from(1)]
9
 2 2 r 6   2 r 4 h 2
 2r 2  h 2
 h  2r
On again differentiating equation (3), we get
d2 S 54 V 2
 12 r  4  0
2 2
for all values of V and r .
dr 2 r
Hence, for the least surface area of a cone and given volume, altitude is equal to
2 times the radius of the base.
71. Show that the semi vertical angle of right circular cone of given surface
1
area and maximum volume is sin 1   .
 3
Ans: Let us consider r,1 and h be the radius, slant height and altitude of the cone
respectively, then

Surface area of cone is S  rl  r 2 …(1)
or
S  r 2
l
r
The volume of the cone,
1 1
V  r 2 h  r 2 l2  r 2
3 3
S  r 
2
r 2
2
V  r2
3 r2 2
S  r 
2
r 2
2
 2 r 4
V
3 2 r 2
r 2 S2  2 r 4  2Sr 2  2 r 4
V 
3 r
S  S  2r 2 
r
V
3
On squaring both the sides, we get
r2
V  S S  2r 2 
2
9
V 2   Sr 2  2r 4 
S
9

d 2V 2 S
2
  2S  24r 2  (ii)
dr 9
dV 2
Now 0
dr
 2Sr  8r 3   0 or
S

9
S  4r 2  0
 S  4r 2
Putting S  4r 2 in (ii),
d 2 V 2 4r 2
2
 8r 2  24r 2   0
dr 9
 V is maximum when S  4r 2
Putting this value of S in (i)
4r 2  rl  r 2
or 3r 2  rl
r 1
or  sin  
l 3
1
   sin 1  
3
1
Thus V is maximum, when semi vertical angle is sin 1 .
3
72. A point on the hypotenuse of a triangle is at a distance a and b from the

sides of the triangle. Show that the minimum length of the hypotenuse is
3
 2
 2 2
a  b  .
3 3
 
Ans: Let us consider a ABC be right-angled at B and AB  x and BC  y .

Let P be a point on the hypotenuse of the triangle such that P is at a distance of
a and b from the sides AB and BC respectively.
Let C  
We have,
AC  x 2  y2
Now,
PC  bcosec  and AP  a sec  .
 AC  AP  PC
 bcosec+a sec ...1
d  AC 
   bcoseccot+asectan
d
d  AC 
 0
d
 a sec  tan   bcosec cot 
a sin  b cos 
 .  .
cos  cos  sin  sin 
 a sin 3   bcos3 
1 1
 a sin   b cos 
3 3

1
 b 3
 tan    
a
1 1
b3 a3
sin   2 2
and cos   2 2
... 2 
a b3 3
a b
3 3
d 2  AC 
It can be clearly shown that  0 when . ..
d2
Hence, by second derivative test, the length of the hypotenuse is the maximum
when
1
 b 3
tan    
a
1
 b 3
Now, when tan     , we have:
a
2 2 2 2
b a b
3 3
a a b
3 3
AC  1  1  using (1) and (2)
b 3
a 3
2 2
 2 2

 a 3  b3  b3  a 3 
 
3
 2 
2 2
  a 3  b3 
 
3
 2 
2 2
Hence, the maximum length of the hypotenuses is  a 3  b 3  .

 
73. Prove that the volume of the largest cone that can be inscribed in a sphere
8
of radius R is of the volume of the sphere.
27
Ans: Let us consider the centre of the sphere be O and radius be R . Let the

height and radius of the variable cone inside the sphere be h and r respectively.
So, in the diagram, OA  OB  R,AD  h,BD  r
OD  AD  OA  h  R .
Using Pythagoras Theorem in OBD ,
OB2  OD2  BD2

 R 2  (h  R)2  r 2
 R 2  h 2  R 2  2hR  r 2
 r 2  2hR  h 2
1
Volume of the cone V  r 2 h
3
V    2 hR  h 2  h
1
3
2h 2 R h 3
V 
3 3
dV
For maximum volume, 0
dh
4hR
0  h 2
3
4R
h
3

2R 16R 2 64R 3
V  
3 9 81
(96  64) R 3

81
32R 3

81
8 4 3
  R
27 3
4
We know that the volume of the sphere is Vs  R 3
3
8
Therefore, V  Vs
27
74. Find the interval in which the function f given by f (x)  sinx  cosx ,
0  x  2 is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing.
Ans: The given function is f (x)  sin x  cos x 0  x  2
On differentiating with respect to x, we get

f  (x)  cos x  sin x
For the critical points of the function over the interval v 0  x  2 is given by
f  (x)  0
 cos x  sin x  0
 cos x  sin x
 5
x ,
4 4
     5   5 
Possible intervals are  0,  ,  ,  ,  ,2 
 4 4 4   4 


If 0  x  ,
4
f (x)  cos x  sin x  0

cos x  sin x $
 f (x)  0

 f (x) is strictly increasing.
 5
If x ,
4 4
f (x)  cos x  sin x  0

cos x  sin x
 f (x) is strictly decreasing.
5
If  x  2,
4
 f  (x)  cos x  sin x  0 cos x  sin x
 f (x) is again strictly increasing.
Given function f (x)  sin x  cos x, [0,2] is strictly increasing,
   5 
x   0,  and  ,2 
 4  4 
  5 
while it is strictly decreasing x   ,  .
4 4 
75. Find the intervals in which the function f(x)  (x  1)3 (x  3)3 is strictly
increasing or strictly decreasing.
Ans: The given function is f (x)  (x  1)3 (x  3)3

f  (x)  (x  1)3 3(x  3) 2  (x  3) 3 3(x  1) 2
f  (x)  3(x  1) 2 (x  3) 2 (x  1  x  3)
f  (x)  3(x  1) 2 (x  3) 2 (2x  2)
f  (x)  6(x  1) 2 (x  3) 2 (x  1)

To obtain the critical points, put f '  x   0 .
6(x  1)2 (x  3)2 (x  1)  0

 x  1,1,3
The points x  1 , x  1 and x  3 divide the real line into four disjoints intervals.
The intervals are,
(, 1),(1,1),(1,3),(3, )
f  (2)  (2  1)  0
 Strictly decreasing in (, 1)
f  (0)  (0  1)  0
 Strictly decreasing in (1,1)
f  (2)  (2  1)  0
 Strictly increasing in (1,3)
f  (4)  (4  1)  0
 Strictly increasing in (3, ) .
Hence, the function f (x)  (x  1)3 (x  3)3 strictly increasing in

    5    5 
0, 4    4 ,2 and strictly decreasing in  4 , 4  .
76. Find the local maximum and local minimum of f (x)  sin2x  x
 
 x .
2 2
 
Ans: The given function is f (x)  sin 2x  x,  x
2 2

 
f  (x)  2cos 2x  1 x
2 2
 f  (x)  0    2x  
 2cos 2x  1  0
1
 cos 2x 
2
 
 2x  ,
3 3
 
 x ,
6 6

at x  ,f (x) has local maximum,
6
  
f    sin   
6 3 6
 3 
f  
 
6 2 6

at x   ,f (x) has local minima,
6
     
f    sin    
 6   3 6
    3
f  
 6  6 2
77. Find the intervals in which the function f(x)  2x3  15x2  36x  1 is
strictly increasing or decreasing. Also find the points on which the tangents
are parallel to x -axis.
Ans: The given function is f (x)  2x3  15x 2  36x  1
Differentiate the above equation with respect x , we get

 2x 3  15x 2  36x  1
d
f  (x) 
dx
 f (x)  6x 2  30x  36

For the function f (x) we have to find critical point, we must have
 f  (x)  0
 6x 2  30x  36  0
 6  x 2  5x  6   0
 3  x 2  3x  2x  6   0
 x 2  3x  2x  6  0
 (x  3)(x  2)  0
 x  3,2
It is clear, f  (x)  0 if x  2 and x  3 and f  (x)  0 if 2  x  3
Hence, f (x) increases on (,2)  (3, ) and f (x) is decreasing on interval

x  (2,3) .
Tangent is parallel to x -axis when f  (x)  0 i.e., 6(x  2)(x  3)  0
When 6(x  2)(x  3)  0
then x  2,3 .
When,
x  2,
y  f (2)
y  2(2)3  15(2) 2  36(2)  1  16  60  72  1
y  29
When,
x  3,
y  f (3)
y  2(3)3  15(3) 2  36(3)  1  54  135  108  1

y  28
 The points are (2,29),(3,28) .
78. A solid is formed by a cylinder of radius r and height h together with

two hemisphere of radius r attached at each end. It the volume of the solid
1
is constant but radius r is increasing at the rate of metre/min. How fast
2
must h (height) be changing when r and h are 10 metres.
Ans: It is given that a solid is formed by a cylinder of radius r and height h
together with two hemispheres of radius r attached at each end.
4
Volume of solid  V  r 2 h  r 3
3
Differentiate the above equation with respect t , we get
dV d  2 4 
  r h  r 3 
dt dt  3 
dV  dr dh 4 dr 
   2rh  r 2   3r 2 
dt  dt dt 3 dt 
As V is constant.
dV
 0
dt
dr 1
Given that the r and h are 10 metres and  meter/min.
dt 2
 1 dh 1 
 0    2  10  10   102   4  102  
 2 dt 2 
100 dh 200
 100  0
 dt 
dh 300

dt   100

dh 3
  meter/min
dt 
3
Therefore, h decreases at the rate of meter/min.

79. Find the equation of the normal to the curve

x  a(cos    sin );y  a(sin    cos ) at the point  and show that its
distance from the origin is a.
Ans: The given equation of the curves are
x  a(cos    sin ) and y  a(sin    cos ) .
Firstly, let us find the slope of the tangent to the curve at a point  .
dy
dy d a cos   a cos   a sin 
mT   
dx dx a sin   a sin   a cos 
d
sin 
mT 
cos 
Since, normal is always perpendicular to the tangent, slope of the normal will be
cos 
mN  
sin 
Normal passes through the point  x, y  given in the question. Using the equation
of the line in slope-point form, we get
y  a sin   a cos  cos 

x  a cos   a sin  sin 
 ysin   asin 2   asin  cos   a cos2   a sin  cos   xcos 
 xcos   ysin   a  cos2   sin 2   a
Distance of origin from this line will be

|00a|
d | a |
sin   cos 
2 2
Hence, the distance from origin to the normal at any point  is a constant, say a.
80. For the curve y  4x3  2x5 , find all the points at which the tangent passes
through the origin.
Ans: The given equation of the curve is y  4x 3  2x 5 .
Differentiating with respect to x , we get

dy
  12x 2  10x 4
dx
Let P  x1 , y1  be the point on the curve at which tangent passes through the orgin.
 dy 
Slope of the tangent at P  x1 , y1  is    12x12  10x14
 dx x ,y
1 1
Equation of the tangent at  x1 , y1  is given by,
y  y1  12x12  10x14   x  x1  …(1) (using one-point form)
Since, the tangent passes through the origin (0,0) .
So, equation (1) becomes
 y1  12x12  10x14   x1 

y1  12x13  10x15 ... 2 
Since, P  x1 , y1  lies on the curve
So, y1  4x13  2x15
From equation (2) and (3), we get

12x13  10x15  4x13  2x15
 8x15  8x13  0

 x15  x13  0
 x13  x12  1
 x1  0, 1
When x1  0,
y1  4(0)3  2(0)5  0
When x1  1,
y1  4(1)3  2(1)5  2
When x1  1,
y1  4(1)3  2(1)5  2
Hence, the required points are (0,0),(1,2) and (1, 2) .
81. Find the equation of the normal to the curve x2  4y which passes
through the point (1,2) .
Ans: The given equation of the curve is x 2  4y
On differentiating both sides with respect tox, we get

dy x

dx 2
1 2
If m be the slope of the normal to x 2  4y then m  
 dy  x
 
 dx 
x1
 Slope of tangent at  x1 , y1  
2
2
 Slope of Normal  
x1
Since normal passes through (1,2)

x12
y1  2 4  2
 Slope of normal line  
x1  1 x1  1
2 x12  8
Or  
x1 4  x1  1
x13  8x1  8x1  8

or
x1  2
x1  2, or y1  1
 Point of contact is (2,1)

Equation of normal is
2
y  1   (x  2) or x  y  3
2
82. Find the equation of the tangents at the points where the curve
2y  3x2  2x  8 cuts the x -axis and show that they make supplementary
angles with the x -axis.
Ans: The given equation of the curve is 2y  3x 2  2x  8 .
Let the tangent meet the x -axis at point (x,0)
On differentiating both sides with respect tox, we get

2y  3x 2  2x  8
dy
 2  6x  2
dx
dy
  3x  1
dx
The tangent passes through point (x,0)

3
0  x2  x  4  0
2
 3x  2x  8  0
2
 3x 2  6x  4x  8  0
 (3x  4)(x  2)  0
4
 x  2, x 
3
Case I: when x  2 ,
Slope of tangent,
 dy 
   3.2  1
 dx ( 2,0)
 dy 
   6 1  5
 dx ( 2,0)
 x1 , y1   (2,0)
Equation of tangent,
y  y1  m  x  x1 
 y  0  5(x  2)
 5x  y  10  0
4
Case II: When x   ,
3
Slope of tangent,
 dy  4
   3.  1
 dx ( 2,0) 3
 dy 
   5
 dx ( 2,0)
 4 
 x1 , y1    ,0 
 3 

Equation of tangent,
y  y1  m  x  x1 
  4  
 y  0  5  x    
  3 
20
 y  5x 
3
 15x  3y  20  0
83. Find the equations of the tangent and normal to the hyperbola
x2 y 2
  1 at the point  x0 ,y 0  .
a2 b2
x 2 y2
Ans: The given equation of the hyperbola is 2  2  1 .
a b
x 2 y2
Differentiating 2  2  1 with respect to x, we get
a b
2x 2y dy
 0
a 2 b 2 dx
2y dy 2x
 
b 2 dx a 2
dy b 2 x
 
dx a 2 y
Therefore, the slope of the tangent at  x 0 , y0  is,
 dy  b2 x 0
   2
 dx  x ,y  a y 0
0 0
Then, the equation of the tangent at  x 0 , y0 
b2 x 0
y  y0  2  x  x 0 
a y0

 a 2 yy0  a 2 y02  b2 xx 0  b2 x 02
 b2 xx 0  a 2 yy0  b2 x 02  a 2 y02  0
xx 0 yy0  x 02 y02 
 2  2  2  2   0  On dividing both sides by a 2b2 
a b a b 
xx 0 yy0 x 2 y2 
 2  2  1  0  x 0 , y0  lies on the hyperbola 2  2  1
a b a b 
xx 0 yy0
  2 1
a2 b
Now, the slope of the normal at  x 0 , y0  is given by,
1 a 2 y0

Slope of the tangent at  x 0 , y0  b2 x 0
Hence, the equation of the normal at  x 0 , y0  is given by,
1 a 2 y0

Slope of the tangent at  x 0 , y0  b2 x 0
Hence, the equation of the normal at  x 0 , y0  is given by,
a 2 y 0
y  y0  2  x  x 0 
b x0
y  y0   x  x 0 
 
a 2 y0 b2 x 0
y  y0  x  x 0 
  0
a 2 y0 b2 x 0
84. A window is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by an equilateral

triangle. Given that the perimeter is 16 metres. Find the width of the window
in order that the maximum amount of light may be admitted.
Ans: Consider the side AB  x and BC  y ,

Perimeter of given window is 16 m .
 3x  2y  16
16  3x
y (A)
2
Let the area of a given figure is A .
 A = Area of an equilateral triangle + Area of a rectangle.
3 2
A x  xy
4
3 2
(area of equilateral triangle is given by  x and area of rectangle is xy )
4
3 2  16  3x 
A x  x ...1
4  2 
Now, differentiating the above equation (1) with respect to x, we get
dA d  3 2  16x  3x 2  
   x  
dx dx  4  2 
dA 3  16  6x 
  (2x)   
dx 4  2 

dA 3
  (x)  8  3x (2)
dx 2
For maximum or minimum we have,
dA
0
dx
dA
On substituting the value of from (2) we get,
dx
3
 (x)  8  3x  0
2
Taking the terms of x together and simplifying further we get,
 3
 x3  8
 2 
6 3
 x 8
 2 
 x(6  3)  16
16
x
(6  3)
Again on differentiating equation (2) with respect to x, we get
d2 A 3
2
 3
dx 2
d2 A 3
Now as   3  0 , Hence the area is maximum when
dx 2 2
16
x
6 3
Now we substitute the value of x in equation (A), we get,

 16 
16  3  
 6 3
y
2
On further simplification we get,
48
16 
y 6 3
2
16(6  3)  48
y
2(6  3)
96  16 3  48
y
2(6  3)
48  16 3
y
2(6  3)
24  8 3
y
(6  3)
16
Therefore, the breadth of a window x   3.75 and length of a window
(6  3)
24  8 3
is y   2.375 .
(6  3)
85. A jet of an enemy is flying along the curve y  x2  2. A soldier is placed

at the point (3,2). What is the nearest distance between the soldier and the
jet?
Ans: Let us consider a point P  x, y  be the position of the jet and the soldier is
placed at A(3,2) .
or AP  (x  3) 2  (y  2) 2 (i)
The given equation of the curve is y  x 2  2.

As,
y  x 2  2 or y  2  x 2
 AP2  (x  3)2  x 4  z (say)

dz
 2(x  3)  4x 3 ... ii 
dx
dz
0
dx
 2x  6  4x 3  0
Put x 1
2640
x  1 is a factor
And,
Again differentiating the above equation (ii) with respect to x, we get
d 2z
2
 12x 2  2
dx
dz
 0 or x  1
dx
d 2z
and 2 ( at x  1)  0
dx
z is minimum when x  1, y  1  2  3
 minimum distance  (1  3)2  (3  2)2  5
86. Find a point on the parabola y 2  4x which is nearest to the point (2, 8)
Ans: Let us consider the point on the curve be  x1 , y1  .

The equation of the curve is y2  4x
Point  x1 , y1  on curve,
y12  4x1
D x  2    y1  8 
2 2
1
D is always positive,
D2   x1  2     y1  8 
2 2
2
 y12 
D    2    y1  8 
2 2
 4 
On differentiating the above equation with respect to y1 , we get
dD 2  y12  2y
 2   2  1  2  y1  8 
dy1  4  4
dD 2 y1  y1  8 
2
  2y1  16
dy1 4
dD 2
 y13  8y1  8y1  64
dy1
dD 2
 y13  64
dy1
dD 2
0
dy1
y13  64
y   4
2
1
 (4) 2  4x1
 x1  4
Point is (4, 4)

87. A square piece of tin of side 18 cm is to be made into a box without top
by cutting a square from each cover and folding up the flaps to form the box.
What should be the side of the square to be cut off so that the volume of the
box is the maximum.
Ans: Let us consider the length of the each side of the square which is cut from
each corner of the tin sheet be x cm .
When the flaps are folded, a cuboidal box is formed whose length, breadth and
height are 18  2x,18  2x and x respectively.
Then, its volume V is given by,

V  (18  2x)(18  2x)x

dV
  324  144x  12x 2
dx
On further differentiation of both sides with respect to x,
d2 V
 144  24x
dx 2
The critical numbers of V are given by,
dV
0
dx
 324  144x  12x 2  0
 x 2  12x  27  0
 x  3,9
But, x  9 is not possible. Therefore, x  3 .
 d2 V 
Clearly,  2   144  72  72  0
 dx x 3
So, V is maximum when x  3 i.e., the length of each side of the square to be cut
is 3 cm .

88. A window in the form of a rectangle is surmounted by a semi-circular
pening. The total perimeter of the window is 30 metres. Find the imensions
of the rectangular part of the window to admit maximum light through the
whole opening.
Ans:
Let x and y be the length and width of rectangle part of window respectively.
Let A be the opening area of the window which admits light.

Obviously, for admitting the maximum light through the opening, A must be
maximum.
First taking the perimeter,
x
x  y  y      30
2
2
y  15   x
 4 
Now
A  area of rectangle + Area of the semicircle
Therefore,
1 x2
 A  xy+ .
2 4
1 x 2
 A  xy+
2 4

2  2
 A  15x    x
 4 8
4 2
 A  15x  x
8
dA 4
  15    2x
dx  8 
For maximum or minimum value of A ,
dA
0
dx
4
 15    2x  0
 8 
60
 x=
π+4
Now,
d 2A +4 4
2
 2 
dx 2 4
60
Hence for x= , A is maximum
4
60   2
And thus y  15  
4 4
15    2 
 15 
4
15  60  15  30 30
 
4 4
Therefore, for maximum A , i.e. for admitting the maximum light
Length of rectangle
60
x= and
π+4

30
Breadth of rectangle y= .
π+4
89. An open box with square base is to be made out of a given iron sheet of
area 27 sq. meter, show that the maximum value of the box is 13.5 cubic
metres.
Ans: Let us consider ‘ x ’ be the side of the square base and ‘ y ’ the height of the
box.
Area of the square base  x 2

and area of four walls  4xy
x 2  4xy  27..(1)
Let V = volume of the box =area of base  height
V  x2y
x 2  27  x 2 
V
4x
V
1
4
 27x  x 3 ...(2)
On differentiating equation (2) with respect to x, we get
  27  3x 2 ...(3)
dV 1
dx 4
and
d 2V 3x
2
  ...(4)
dx 2
Now,

dV
0
dx
1
4
 24  3x 2   0
27
 x2  9
3
 x  3
 x  3 [since x cannot be negative]
V can only max. when x  3 m .
When x  3 ,
d 2V 3  3 9
   , which is negative.
dx 2 2 2
Therefore, x  3 gives maximum value of V.
Hence,
1
Maximum V =  27  3  27 [putting x  3 in (2) ]
4
27
V  3  1
4
27
V
2
V  13.5 cm3
90. A wire of length 28 cm is to be cut into two pieces. One of the two pieces
is to be made into a square and other in to a circle. What should be the length
of two pieces so that the combined area of the square and the circle is
minimum?
Ans: Let us consider the length of one part of the wire be x cm, then the other
part will be 28  x .
Let the part of the length x be covered into a circle of radius.

2r  x
x
r
2
Area of circle  r 2
2
 x  x2
Area of circle     
 2  4
Now second part of length 28  x is covered into a square.
28  x
Side of a square 
4
 28  x 
2
Area of square  
 4 
x 2  28  x 
2
Thus, total area covered = A  

4  4 

dA 2x 2
  (28  x)(1)
dx 4 16
dA x 28  x
 
dx 2 8
dA
Lets, take 0
dx
Thus,
x 28  x
  0 ....(1)
2 8
4x  28  x
4x  x  28
x[4  ]  28

28
x
4
28
Other part  28  x  28 
4
112  28  28

4
112

4
Now again differentiating, we get
d2 A 1 1
   positive
dx 2 2 8
A is minimum.
28 112
When x  and 28  x  .
4 4
91. Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume which can be
2R
inscribed in a sphere of radius R is . Also find the maximum volume.
3
Ans: Let us consider r, h be the radius and height of the cylinder inscribed in the
sphere of radius R .

By using Pythagoras theorem,
4r 2  h 2  4R 2
4R 2  h 2
r 2
...1
4
Volume of cylinder  V  r 2 h
 4R 2  h 2   3
 V   h   R h  h
2
 4  4
dV 3
  R 2  h 2 ... 2 
dh 4
For finding maximum volume,
dV
0
dh
3 2
 R 2  h
4
2
h R
3
Differentiating equation (2) with respect to x, we get
d 2V 6
2
 h
dh 4
dV2
3  2 
 
2  3 
R
dh  h  2 R 
2 
 3 
d 2V
  3R  0
dh 2  h  2 R 
 3 
2
Hence volume is maximum when h  R.
3
 4R 2  h 2 
Maximum volume  V 2R  h  
h
3  4 

 2 4R 2 
4R 
2R  3 
Vmax   
3 4 

 
2R 2R 2 4R 3
Vmax    cubic units.
3 3 3 3
92. Show that the altitude of the right circular cone of maximum volume that
4r
can be inscribed is a sphere of radius r is .
3
Ans: It is given that the radius of a fixed sphere is r.
Let R and h be the radius and height of the cone respectively.
The volume (V) of the cone is given by,
1
V  R 2 h
3
Now, from the right triangle BCD, we have:
BC  r 2  R 2
h  r  r2  R 2
1

 V  R 2 r  r 2  R 2
3

1 1
V  R 2 r  R 2 r 2  R 2
3 3
dV 2 2 R2 (2R)
  Rr  R r  R 
2 2

dR 3 3 3 2 r2  R2
2 2 R3
 Rr  R r  R 
2 2
3 3 3 r2  R 2
2 2R  r 2  R 2   R 3
 Rr 
3 3 r2  R 2
2 2Rr 2  3R 3
 Rr 
3 3 r2  R2
Now,
dV
0
dR 
2rR 3R 3  2Rr 2

 
3 3 r2  R2
 2r r 2  R 2  3R 2  2r 2
 4r 2  r 2  R 2    3R 2  2r 2 
2
 4r 4  4r 2R 2  9R 4  4r 4  12R 2r 2
 9R 4  8r 2R 2  0
 9R 2  8r 2
8r 2
 R2 
9
Now,

3 r 2  R 2  2r 2  9R 2    2Rr 2  3R 3  (6R)
1
d V 2r
2
2 r2  R 2
 
dR 2 3 9r2  R 2 
3 r 2  R 2  2r 2  9R 2    2Rr 2  3R 3  (3R)

1
d V 2r
2
2 r2  R 2
 
dR 2 3 9r2  R 2 
8r 2 d 2V
Now, when R 2  , it can be shown that 0
9 dR 2
8r 2
The volume is the maximum when R  2
8r 2
When R  2
, height of the cone,
9
8r 2 r2 r 4r
r r  2
r r 
9 9 3 3
From above we can conclude that the altitude of the right circular cone of
4r
maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius r is .
3
93. Prove that the surface area of solid cuboid of a square base and given
volume is minimum, when it is a cube.
Ans: Let us consider x be the side of square base of cuboid and other side be y
Then volume of cuboid with square base,
V  x  x  y  x2y
As volume of cuboid is given so volume is taken constant throughout the

question,
Therefore,

V
y  (i)
x2
In order to show that surface area is minimum when the given cuboid is cube, we
have to show S''  0 and x  y
Let S be the surface area of cuboid, then
S  x 2  xy  xy  xy  xy  x 2
S  2x 2  4xy(ii)
V
 S  2x 2  4x  2
x
4V
 S  2x 2  (iii)
x
On differentiating equation (iii) with respect to x, we get
dS 4V
  4x  2 (iv)
dx x
For maximum/minimum value of S , we have
dS
0
dx
4V
 4x  0
x2
 4V  4x 3
 V  x 3 (v)
Putting V  x 3 in equation (i), we get
x3
y 2 x
x
Here,
yx
 cuboid is a cube.
Differentiating (iv) with respect to x, we get

d 2S  8V 
 4  3   0
dx 
2
x 
Hence, surface area is minimum when given cuboid is a cube.
94. Show that the volume of the greatest cylinder which can be inscribed in
4
a right circular cone of height h and semi-vertical angle  is h3 tan2  .
27
Ans: Let a cylinder of base radius r and height h 1 is included in a cone of height
h and semi-vertical angle  .
Then,
AB  r,OA   h  h1 
In right angled triangle OAB,

AB
 tan 
OA
r
  tan 
h  h1
or r   h  h1  tan 
 V    h  h1  tan    h1
2
(Volume of cylinder  r 2h )

V   tan 2   h1  h  h1  …(1)
2
Differentiating equation (1) with respect to h 1 , we get
dV
  tan 2   h1  2  h  h1  (1)   h  h1   1
2
dh1  
dV
  tan 2   h  h1   2h1  h  h1 
dh1
dV
  tan 2   h  h1  h  3h1 
dh1
dV
For maximum volume V, 0
dh1
 h  h1  0 or h  3h1  0
1
 h  h1 or h1  h
3
1
 h1  h
3
 h  h1 is not possible)
Again differentiating with respect to h 1 , we get
d 2V
2
  tan 2   h  h1  (3)   h  3h1  (1) 
dh1
1
At h1  h,
3
2
dV  1  
  tan 2   h  h  (3)  0 
 3 
2
dh1 
d 2V
2
 2h tan 2   0
dh1
1
 Volume is maximum for h1  h
3

2
 1  1 
Vmax   tan    h  h  h 
2
 3  3 
4
Vmax  h 3 tan 2 
27
95. Show that the right triangle of maximum area that can be inscribed in a
circle is an isosceles triangle.
Ans: It is given that a right angle triangle is inscribed inside the circle.
Let us consider, ' r ' is the radius of the circle and x and y be the base and height
of the right angle triangle.
The hypotenuse of the ABC  AB2  AC2  BC2

AB  2r, AC  y and BC  x
Hence,
4r 2  x 2  y 2
y2  4r 2  x 2
y  4r 2  x 2 ...1
Now, Area of the ABC is,

1
A   base  height
2

1
A  xy
2
Now, substituting (1) in the area of the triangle,
1
A 
2
 4r 2  x 2  (Squaring both sides)
Z  A2   x 2   4r 2  x 2  …(2)
1
4
For finding the maximum/minimum of given function, we can find it by
differentiating it with x and then equating it to zero. This is because if the function
f  x  has a maximum/minimum at a point c then f '  c   0 .
Differentiating the equation (2) with respect to x, we get

dZ d  1 2 2 
  x  4r  x 2  
dx dx  4 
dZ 1  2 
  4r  x 2   x 2   x 2  4r 2  x 2  
d d
dx 4  dx dx 
  4r  x 2   (2x)  x 2 (0  2x) 
dZ 1  2
dx 4
Since 
d n
dx
x   nx n 1 .
If u and v are two functions of x, then
d du dv 
(u.v)  v  u 
dx dx dx 
dZ 1 2
 8r x  2x 3  2x 3 
dx 4
dZ 1 2
 8r x  4x 3 
dx 4
dZ 4x
  2r 2  x 2 
dx 4
dZ
 2r 2 x  x 3 (3)
dx

To find the critical point, we need to equate equation (3) to zero.
dZ
 0
dx
 2r 2 x  x 3  0
 2r 2 x  x 3
 x 2  2r 2
 x   2r 2
xr 2
(as the base of the triangle cannot be negative).
Now, to check if this critical point will determine the maximum area of the
triangle, we need to check with second differential which needs to be negative.
Consider differentiating the equation (3) with x,
d2Z d
2
  2r 2 x  x 3 
dx dx
2
  2r 2 x    x 3 
dZ d d
2
dx dx dx
2
dZ
2
 2r 2  3x 2  4 
dx
[Since 
d n
dx
x   nx n 1 ]
Now, consider the value of
 d2Z 
 2  2r 2  3(r 2) 2
 dx  x r 2
 d2Z 
 2  2r 2  6r 2  4r 2
 dx  x r 2
d Z
2
As  2   4r 2  0
 dx  x r 2

so the function A is maximum at x  r 2 .
Now substituting x  r 2 In equation (1):
y  4r 2  (r 2) 2
y  4r 2  2r 2  2r 2  r 2
As x  y  r 2 , the base and height of the triangle are equal, which means that
two sides of a right angled triangle are equal,
Hence the given triangle, which is Inscribed In a circle, Is an Isosceles triangle
with sides AC and BC equal.
96. A given quantity of metal is to be cast half cylinder with a rectangular

box and semi-circular ends. Show that the total surface area is minimum
when the ratio of the length of cylinder to the diameter of its semi-circular
ends is  : (   2) .
Ans: Let r be the radius and h be the height of half cylinder.

1
Volume  r 2h  V (constant) …(1)
2
Total surface area of half cylinder is,
1 
S  2  r 2   rh  2rh …(2)
2 
 2V   2V 
S   r 2   r  2   2r  2 
 r   r 
 1   4V 
S   r 2       2V 
 r   
On differentiating the above equation with respect to r, we get

dS  1   4V 
 (2r)   2    2V   3
dr  r   
For maxima/minima,
dS
 0
dr
 1   4V 
 (2r)   2    2V   0
 r   
 1   4V  2V 
 (2r)   2  
 r   
2  
 r 3  V 
  
V
  r  (4)
2 3
(   2)
1 2 2 r 3
 r h 
2 2
h 
 
2r   2
Height : diameter =  :   2
Differentiating equation (3) with respect to r, we get
d 2S  2   4V 
  2     3   2V 
 r   
2
dr
= positive (as all quantities are positive)

So, S is minimum when,
Height : diameter =  :   2 .

Important Questions For CBSE Class 12 Maths Chapter 6

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Important Questions for Class 12

Very Short Answer Questions 1 Mark

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 1

By applying derivative with respect to time on both sides, we get

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 2

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 3

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 4

Total revenue, i.e., R(x)  13x 2  26x  15 …(1)

We need to find marginal revenue when x  7

6. Find the maximum and minimum values of function f (x)  sin2x  5 .

Ans: Given function is,

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 5

Min value of f (x)  sin 2x  5 will be 4.

Ans: Given equation is f (x)   | x  1| 3

There is no minimum value of f (x) .

It will be strictly increasing when f '  x   0 .

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 6

9. Write the interval for which the function f (x)  cosx,0  x  2 is

It will be a strictly decreasing function when f '  x   0 .

Differentiating w.r.t. x , we get

Hence, the given function is decreasing in  0,  .

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 7

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 8

Here f is strictly decreasing in (,0)  (0,1) and is strictly increasing in (1, )

It will be a strictly decreasing function when f '  x   0 .

 Strictly decreasing in (1,1)

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 9

Ans: The given function is f (x)  sin 3x

On differentiating the above function with respect to x , we get,

f (x) will be increasing, when f  (x)  0

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 10

Ans: The given function is y | 3sin x  1|

Maximum and minimum values of sin x  {1,1} respectively.

Now, put sin x  1

15. If f (x)  ax  cos x is strictly increasing on R , find a .

Ans: It is given that the function f (x)  ax  cos x is strictly increasing on R

Here function, f (x)  ax  cos x

Differentiating f (x) with respect to x we get,

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 11

for strictly increasing, f  (x)  0

Hence the value of a belongs to (1,1) .

Ans: The given function is f (x)  x9  3x 7  64 .

For it to be a increasing function f '  x   0

On differentiating both sides with respect to x, we get

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 12

Differentiating equation (1) with respect to x, we get

Differentiating the above with respect to x ,

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 13

Differentiating the above equation with respect to x, we get

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 14

Hence, the required point  x, y    2,  3 .

Ans: The given equation of the curve is y  5x 2  4sin x .

Differentiating the above equation with respect to x, we get

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 15

Thus, the required point is (1,7) .

Ans: Given, equation of curve is y  x 3

On differentiating both sides with respect to x , we get

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 16

Now, on putting x  0 and 3 in Eq. (i), we get

Hence, the required points are (0,0) and (3,27) .

On differentiating both equations with respect to x, we get

Class XII Maths www.vedantu.com 17

2ex   ae x   1 (from above)