PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

 The elements of design are the multiple ways the elements of art can be used to
create an artwork

1. BALANCE
 Way of combining elements to add a feeling of equilibrium or stability to
a work of art.
 It can be symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial
a. SYMMETRICAL-known as formal balance, the
similarity is so precise that each half is seen one
and the same.

b. ASYMETRICAL- known as informal

balance, where elements on either side of a
composition do not reflect one another
Symmetry, credits to Wikipedia.com
 c. RADIAL - all elements radiate out from a
center point in a circular fashion to all four
quadrants of the shape’s constraining plane

Drawing in radial symmetry, credits to

pinterest.com

2. EMPHASIS/CONTRAST
 Way of combining elements to stress
differences between those elements.
 Contrasting elements are often used
to direct and focus the viewer’s
attention on the most important parts
of a design. Emphasis in composition, credits to thoughco.com

3. HARMONY

 A way of combining similar elements in artwork to accent their similarities

 It is accomplished through the use of repetitions and subtle, gradual changes

4. Variety

 Involved ways to create intricate and complicated relationships.

 It is achieved through diversity and change

5. Gradation

 Using a series of gradual changes in those elements

 Examples of gradation include a gradual change from small shapes to large
shapes, or from dark hue to a light hue

6. Movement

 Used to create the look and feel of actions and to guide the viewer’s eye
throughout the work of art.
 Also used to direct the viewer’s attention to a center of interest, or make
certain that the main parts of the work are noted.
7. Rhythm

 Created by the careful placement of repeated elements in a work

of art to cause a visual tempo or beat

8. Proportion

 Concerned with the relationship with the certain elements to the

whole and to each other.
 Proportion is often closely connected with emphasis.