ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT

MODULE 1
LESSON 1 – INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION

I. INTRODUCTION:

This module is created for the core subject Oral Communication in Context for Grade 11. It is
meant to guide the students through the intricate process of Communication for a better understanding of
what communication process entails. This is also for development of listening and speaking skills and
strategies for effective communication in various situations. At the end of the subject, the learners are
expected to:

 Explain the functions, nature and process of communication;

 Differentiate the various models of communication

We will be proceeding with our lesson proper with the use of the following e-learning platforms:
1. Edmodo;
2. Zoom;
3. Google meet; and
4. Messenger/ messenger chat room

II. ACTIVITIES

A. Directions: Answer the following questions.

1. Create a two-minute presentation that reflects your understanding of what “communication” is

about.

B. Directions: Think of one fact that you know about communication and share it with everyone. Once you
have shared something, listen to what the rest of the class has to share.

III. ANALYSIS

Directions: Answer the following questions.

1. Who among your classmates effectively communicated his/ her message? Give reasons why the
presentation was effective.
2. Is effective communication important? Why? Why not?

IV. ABSTRACTION

Nature of Communication
1. Communication is a process.
 2. Communication occurs between two or more people (the speaker and the receiver).
3. Communication can be expressed through written or spoken words, actions (nonverbal), or both
spoken words and nonverbal actions at the same time.

Elements of Communication

Communication is divided into elements which help us better understand its mechanics or
process. These elements are the following:
1. Speaker – the source of information or message
2. Message – the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in actions
3. Encoding – the process of converting the message into words, actions, or other forms that the
speaker understands
4. Channel – the medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal, verbal or nonverbal,
in which the encoded message is conveyed
5. Decoding – the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the receiver
6. Receiver – the recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the message
7. Feedback – the reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver
8. Context – the environment where communication takes place
9. Barrier – the factors that affect the flow of communication

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

Models of communication refer to the conceptual model used to explain the human communication
process. The purpose of a “model” is to offer a visual representation of a concept with the intent of
facilitating the understanding of it.

Shannon-Weaver Model

Known as the mother of all communication models, the Shannon-Weaver model (1949) depicts
communication as a linear or one-way process consisting of five elements: a source (producer of
message); a transmitter (encoder of message into signals); a channel (signals adapted for transmission); a
receiver (decoder of message from the signal); and a destination. This model, however, has been criticized
for missing one essential element in the communication process: feedback. Without feedback, the speaker
will not know whether the receiver understands the message or not.

Transaction Model

Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model, which is a one-way process, the Transaction Model is a two-
way process with the inclusion of feedback as one element. This model is more interactive. There is a
collaborative exchange of messages between communicators with the aim of understanding each other. It
also shows that a barrier, such as noise, may interfere with the flow of communication.
Schramm’s Model of Communication

The model suggests that encoding and decoding are the two most important part of a
communication process. Encoding is done by a sender and sent to a receiver. When the data reach the
receiver, receiver decodes and interprets the data.

Laswell’s Model of Communication

This model has five components which ae used as an analysis tool for evaluating the
communication process and components. The components are the questions asked to get the answers and
keep the communication going.

Berlo’s Model of Communication

 In 1963, David Berlo proposed the Sender-Message- Channel – Receiver (SMCR) model of
communication based on Shannon- Weaver’s Model of Communication. He described factors affecting the
individual components in the communication making the communication more efficient. The model also
focuses on encoding and decoding which happens before sender gives out the message and before
receiver accepts the message respectively.

IV. APPLICATION

Directions: Using a venn diagram, draw the Schramm’s Model of Commuincation Schramm (1954) modified
the Shannon-Weaver Model. Differentiate the two. Is the new model more comprehensive? Why do you
think so? How is it different from or similar to the Transaction Model?