ORAL COMMUNICATION

IN CONTEXT

SIR ADRIAN PAUL V. BATHAN

Teacher
 Communication is a process of sharing and
conveying messages or information from one
person to another within and across
channels, contexts, media, and cultures
(McCornack, 2014). There is a wide variety of
contexts and situations in which
communication can be manifested; it can be
a face-to-face interaction, a phone
conversation, a group discussion, a meeting
or interview, a letter correspondence, a class
recitation, and many others.
 Nature of
Communication
 1.
Communication
is a process.
 2. Communication
occurs between two or
more people (the
speaker and the
receiver).
 3. Communication can be
expressed through written or
spoken words, actions
(nonverbal), or both spoken
words and nonverbal actions at
the same time.
 Elements of
Communication
 Communication is divided
into elements which help us
better understand its
mechanics or process. These
elements are the following:
1. Speaker – the
source of
information or
message
 2. Message – the
information, ideas, or
thoughts conveyed by
the speaker in words or
in actions
3. Encoding – the process
of converting the message
into words, actions, or
other forms that the
speaker understands
4. Channel – the medium or
the means, such as personal
or non-personal, verbal or
nonverbal, in which the
encoded message is
conveyed
 5. Decoding – the
process of interpreting
the encoded message
of the speaker by the
receiver
 6. Receiver – the
recipient of the
message, or someone
who decodes the
message
 7. Feedback – the
reactions, responses,
or information
provided by the
receiver
 8. Context – the
environment where
communication takes
place
 9. Barrier – the
factors that affect
the flow of
communication
 Models of
Communication
 1. Shannon-Weaver Model Known as the
mother of all communication models, the
Shannon-Weaver model (1949) depicts
communication as a linear or one-way process
consisting of five elements: a source (producer
of message); a transmitter (encoder of message
into signals); a channel (signals adapted for
transmission); a receiver (decoder of message
from the signal); and a destination.
 This model, however, has been
criticized for missing one essential
element in the communication
process: feedback. Without
feedback, the speaker will not
know whether the receiver
understands the message or not.
 2. Transaction Model Unlike the
Shannon-Weaver Model, which is
a one-way process, the Transaction
Model is a two-way process with
the inclusion of feedback as one
element.
 As shown in Figure 2, this model is
more interactive. There is a
collaborative exchange of messages
between communicators with the aim
of understanding each other. It also
shows that a barrier, such as noise,
may interfere with the flow of
communication.