PAGSIBOL: A PROPOSED AGRICULTURAL

RESEARCH CENTER IN URDANETA CITY,

PANGASINAN

Chapter 1
Introduction

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PANGASINAN

1.1 Rationale

The art and science of cultivating the soil, growing crops, and raising livestock is
known as agriculture. It involves preparing plant and animal items for human
consumption and distributing them to marketplaces. Most of the food and textiles in
the world are produced through agriculture. Agriculture produces leather, wool, and
cotton. Agriculture also produces paper and timber for building. These goods, as
well as the agricultural practices employed, may vary from region to region.

Agriculture plays a significant role in the Philippine economy. It employs roughly 40

percent of Filipino employees and generates 20 percent of the country's GDP on
average. This output is mostly the result of agribusiness, which generates around
70% of all agricultural output (CIDA-LGSP, 2003). Crop farming is the principal
agricultural activity. Others include the production of chicken broilers, which includes
running chicken hatcheries (20.4%), agricultural services (19.8%), and hog farming
(18.4%). (NSO, 2002).

The Pangasinan Provincial Government has designated the City of Urdaneta as a

growth pole due to its urbanization level of 68.61%. Even though Urdaneta is
regarded as the commerce and trading hub of Pangasinan, agriculture remains the
main source of income and life for the population. It is home to one of the biggest
cattle markets in the nation as well as the biggest wholesale market for fruits and
vegetables in Northern Luzon. The degree of urbanization serves as a proxy for the
expansion of the urban population. The hub of economic activity is thought to be the
urban barangays. In Urdaneta City, there are 34 barangays; fifteen (15) of them are
regarded as urban barangays.

The researcher chose the topic of this research to promote agriculture innovation
and sustainable farming in Urdaneta City, Pangasinan by building infrastructure
which will provide amenities for learning and teaching modern techniques and
sustainable farming and agriculture. Agriculture is one of the most important
industries in Urdaneta City. The municipality will gain from this, especially the
neighborhood farmers. Additionally, it will support and advance tourism in Urdaneta
City Municipality.

1.2 Background of the Study

A research center is both a structure or building dedicated to doing research,
frequently with a concentration on a particular field, and a well-established and
narrowly focused batch of scholars recognized as having considerable national
effect and worldwide importance. The main objectives of research centers are to
undertake research that is strategically significant to the institution in terms of
reputation among peers on a national and worldwide level, as well as commercial
research and research training. They also focus on consulting and extension
operations.

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Urdaneta, officially known as the City of Urdaneta is a 2nd class component city in
the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a

population of 144,577 people.  The City of Urdaneta has an urbanization level of

68.61% and has been identified by the Provincial Government of Pangasinan as a
growth pole. Agriculture is still the major source of income and livelihood of the
people, though Urdaneta is considered as business and trading center in
Pangasinan.

Agricultural Production of the city's total land area of 12, 098 hectares, 4,624 ha
(38.22 percent of the total land area) are irrigated and dedicated to rice production,
according to the Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning law (CLUP 2019–
2027). Rice is planted twice or three times a year in irrigated regions. A total of
36,992 metric tons (mt) of rice were produced in 2016, with a price tag of PHP
554,862,000.00. 4,656 farmers were registered in total, with 20.10 percent of them
being renters. These farmers use packages as part of their contemporary
agricultural tactics.

includes post-harvest technologies, effective seed selection, nutrition management,

water management, pest and disease control, and comparative agricultural
technology.

This information is useful for creating a new agricultural research facility for cutting-
edge farming techniques. Building a new agroarchitectural plant in Urdaneta City is
a good idea because of its favorable conditions. helping the neighborhood,
producing adequate food for the future, and earning the distinction of Luzon's top
agricultural city.

1.3 Review of Related Literature

This chapter's major goal is to offer an analysis of pertinent literature that will help
with the creation of the proposed Agricultural Research Center in Urdaneta City,
Pangasinan. Foreign linked literature and local related literature will each have their
own section in the Review of Related Literature.

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1.3.1 Foreign Literature

Jordan Agricultural
Research Center
As the flagship
university in the top
agricultural region in
the world, Fresno
State is a fitting home
for a world-class
research center to
discover and
investigate the most
advanced concepts
and practices of
agriculture, food and natural resources. The new Jordan Agricultural Research
Center at Fresno State fosters collaboration between some of the brightest minds in
agriculture, engineering, science and mathematics. The 30,000-square-foot facility

(2703 E. Barstow Ave.) was completed and opened to the public on May 13, 2016,
reinventing Fresno State as a leading research institution for decades to come.

1.3.2 Local Literature

Agricultural Research
Aside from farms, the people
of Nueva Ecija are also
dedicated in research for the
development of the said field.
It has the Philippine Rice
Research Institute, which is
where top experiments on
farming are held. The Central
Luzon State University
(CLSU) is also here, which is
a school that’s filled with
various vegetations created
by students. And lastly, the
Agricultural Museum is there to promote Philippine agriculture. Nueva Ecija is truly
the “Agricultural Center of Luzon.”

1.4 Theoretical Framework

Theories are the philosophies and practices that philosophers have created.
Theory to improve logical reasoning that serves as a tool for additional education
and self-realization This will also act as a general framework for the study's
supporting evidence and summary.

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1.4.1 Functionalism Architecture

Buildings should be created with their intended use and functioning in mind
alone, according to the functionalist theory of architecture. Because it is less
evident than it first appears, this is a topic that causes confusion and debate
in the business, particularly with regard to modern building. Because the
building must conform to its function, it is crucial in the proposal research that
the structure's shape match its function.

1.5 Government Laws

The researchers discussed the rules and regulations governing agritourism in our
country, the Philippines. The Philippine economy is heavily reliant on the agricultural
sector. One-third of the country's 30 million hectares of land are used for agriculture,
providing a living for two-thirds of the population. Small farmers are primarily
responsible for managing and cultivating small hold farms. These small-scale
farmers play a significant role in rural development, but they are frequently excluded

and largely exposed to the quickly shifting social, political, and environmental
settings.

• Presidential Decree No. 1096 (Adopting A National Building Code Of The

Philippines Thereby Revising Republic Act Numbered Sixty-Five Hundred
Forty One)

CHAPTER 1 (GENERAL PROVISIONS)

SECTION 101.
Title This Decree shall be known as the “National Building Code of the Philippines”
and shall hereinafter be referred to as the “Code”.

SECTION 102.
Declaration of Policy It is hereby declared to be the policy of the State to safeguard
life, health, property, and public welfare, consistent with the principles of sound
environmental management and control; and to this end, make it the purpose of
this Code to provide for all buildings and structures, a framework of minimum
standards and requirements to regulate and control their location, site, design,
quality of materials, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance.

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SECTION 103. Scope and Application

(a) The provisions of this Code shall apply to the design, location, siting, construction,
alteration, repair, conversion, use, occupancy, maintenance, moving, demolition
of, and addition to public and private buildings and structures, except traditional
indigenous family dwellings as defined herein.
(b) Buildings and/or structures constructed before the approval of this Code shall not
be affected thereby except when alterations, additions, conversions or repairs are
to be made therein in which case, this Code shall apply only to portions to be
altered, added, converted or repaired.

SECTION 104. General Building Requirements

(a) All buildings or structures as well as accessory facilities thereto shall conform in all
respects to the principles of safe construction and must be suited to the purpose
for which they are designed.
(b) Buildings or structures intended to be used for the manufacture and/or production
of any kind of article or product shall observe adequate environmental safeguards.
(c) Buildings or structures and all parts thereof as well as all facilities found therein
shall be maintained in safe, sanitary and good working condition.

SECTION 105. Site Requirements

The land or site upon which will be constructed any building or structure, or any
ancillary or auxillary facility thereto, shall be sanitary, hygienic or safe. In the case
of sites or buildings intended for use as human habitation or abode, the same shall
be at a safe distance, as determined by competent authorities, from streams or
bodies of water and/or sources of air considered to be polluted; from a volcano or
volcanic site and/or any other building considered to be a potential source of fire
or explosion.

SECTION 106. Definitions

As used in this Code, the words, terms and phrases enumerated in Annex “A”
hereof shall have the meaning or definition, correspondingly provided therein.

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CHAPTER 2 (ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT)

SECTION 214. Dangerous and Ruinous Buildings or Structures

Dangerous buildings are those which are herein declared as such or are
structurally unsafe or not provided with safe egress, or which constitute a fire
hazard, or are otherwise dangerous to human life, or which in relation to existing
use, constitute a hazard to safety or health or public welfare because of inadequate
maintenance, dilapidation, obsolescence, or abandonment; or which otherwise
contribute to the pollution of the site or the community to an intolerable degree.

SECTION 215. Abatement of Dangerous Buildings

When any building or structure is found or declared to be dangerous or ruinous,
the Building Official shall order its repair, vacation or demolition depending upon
the degree of danger to life, health, or safety. This is without prejudice to further
action that may be taken under the provisions of Articles 482 and 694 to 707 of the
Civil Code of the Philippines.

SECTION 216. Other Remedies

The rights, actions and remedies provided in this Code shall be in addition to any
and all other rights of action and remedies that may be available under existing
laws.

CHAPTER 4 (TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION)

SECTION 401. Types of Construction
For purposes of this Code, all buildings proposed for construction shall be
classified or identified according to the following types:
(1) Type I – Type I buildings shall be of wood construction. The structural elements
may be any of the materials permitted by this Code.
(2) Type II – Type II buildings shall be of wood construction with protective fire-
resistant materials and one-hour fire-resistive throughout: Except, that permanent
non-bearing partitions may use fire-retardant treated wood within the framing
assembly.
(3) Type III – Type III buildings shall be of masonry and wood construction.
Structural elements may be any of the materials permitted by this Code: Provided

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that the building shall be one-hour fire-resistive throughout. Exterior walls shall be
of incombustible fire-resistive construction.
(4) Type IV – Type IV buildings shall be of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry
construction. Walls, ceilings, and permanent partitions shall be of incombustible
fire-resistive construction: Except, that permanent non-bearing partitions of one-
hour fire-resistive construction may use fire-retardant treated wood within the
framing assembly.
(5) Type V – Type V buildings shall be fire-resistive. The structural elements shall
be of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction. Walls, ceilings, and permanent
partitions shall be of incombustible fire-resistive construction.

SECTION 402. Changes in Types

No change shall be made in the type of construction of any building which would
place the building in a different sub-type or type of construction unless such
building is made to comply with the requirements for such sub-type of construction:
Except, when the changes is approved by the Building Official upon showing that
the new or proposed construction is less hazardous, based on life and fire risk,
than the existing construction.

SECTION 403. Requirements on Type of Construction

Subject to the provisions of this Chapter, the Secretary shall prescribe standards
for each type of construction, and promulgate rules and regulations therefor,
relating to structural framework, exterior walls and openings, interior walls and
enclosures, floors, exits and stairs construction, and roofs.

1.6 Design Aspects

Sustainable Architecture
This is the style of Architecture Focus on minimizing the adverse effect of
structures on the environment by efficiency and moderation in the use of materials,
Space for energy and development and the environment as a whole. This will
applied with accordance to the form of the building. Making the user more
convenient through space and technique goals.

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• Connected
• Accessible
• Lifetime cycle
• Convenient
• Economical
• Safer

Biophilic Architecture
It is a style in architecture that seeks to connect building occupants more closely
to nature. Biophilic designed buildings incorporate natural lighting and ventilation,
natural landscape features, and other elements for creating a more productive and
healthy built environment for people. This will apply to the form of the structure

Proportion Architecture
Proportion is a central principle of architectural theory and special needed
connection between mathematics and art. It is the visual effect of the relationships
of the various objects and spaces that make up a structure to one another and the
whole.

1.7 Design Beneficiaries

These people will benefit from this design proposal:

1. Farmers: They will learn more about modern farming, and if they are
successful in this sort of farming, they will utilize this knowledge to advance
their abilities and increase their income.
2. Municipality of Urdaneta: The mentioned project will benefit not only the
farmers but also the entire Municipality and other Municipalities as well.
Additionally, it will increase tourism and economy in the Municipality of
Urdaneta.

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1.8 Conceptual Framework

Dependent Variables
A Proposed Agricultural Research Center In
Urdaneta City, Pangasinan

Intervening Variables
Economy
Tourism

Independent Variables
Training/ Research Center
Agricultural Facilities

1.9 Conceptual Design

This form idea comes from a "sprout," which divides into three sections and
is then put back together to create a building shape.

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1.10 Design Criteria

The features of the study's concerns are the architectural criteria. Design study for
the proposal. Through investigation, analysis, and research the concept, which
would inspire and improve the settlers and help them realize the full potential of
the project proposal.

REQUIREMENTS CRITERIA JUSTIFICATION TARGET

CRITERIA
1. Function Facilities and Architectural Should have a
industrial design principles comfortable
purposes spaces
2. Form Sustainable Architectural Should be
design Design principles apply a life
cycle
resources
3. Circulation *Facilities Human and Should be a
*Road access vehicular flow comfortable
and adequate
circulation
4. Design *Sustainable Sustainable Architecturally
*Follow the form design needed in
design
5. Users *Comfortable *Occupants of the *Comfortable
facilities structures spaces
*Necessary *Standard
facilities facilities

Site Selection Criteria

Through S.W.O.T analysis, the site selection process identifies the project site's
best options that are also practical for the users. The S.W.O.T analysis serves as
a guide for selecting the project's finest lot, one that will offer good and comfortable
living conditions for the project's settlers, other residents, and neighboring cities.
The S.W.O.T analysis chooses the advantageous place that has a beneficial
influence on both the project and the people who wish to study agriculture.

1.11 Proponent

The Municipality of Urdaneta, Pangasinan, is the project's sponsor. Guidance will

also be provided by the Department of Tourism and the Department of the

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Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), which is headed by the Municipal

Mayor Julio RAMMY Parayno III. Both of these organizations will support the
project and supervise the site, visitors, surrounding environment, amenities, and
other project-related issues.

1.12 Clientele

The target audience for this proposal includes residents of the Municipality and
other Municipal residents, as well as farmers who want to learn about modern
farming techniques like how to grow hydroponic and aeroponic crops on their
properties so they can sell them or use the products for personal use.

1.13 Statement of the Problem

In Urdaneta City, Pangasinan, agriculture is one of the key economic

generators, yet some local farmers still rely on old farming practices that are
no longer economically feasible because of things like climate change. In
order to teach local farmers how to practice advanced and sustainable
farming, the researcher is thinking of building an agricultural research
center. This might help the farmers boost their income.

Why does Urdaneta City needs the mentioned project? here are some
questions.

• How does the proposed project help the users?

• How would the proposed Agricultural Research Center help the municipality's
economy grow?
• What architectural techniques and design guidelines will be applied to build an
effective and useful Agricultural Research Center?

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1.14 Goals and Objectives

1.14.1 Goals
The purpose of this study is to suggest an Agricultural Research Center project
that can assist the locals in learning how to develop their farming abilities,
including learning how to produce plants using hydroponics, aeroponics, and
other cutting-edge farming methods. Additionally, this initiative will assist the
Municipality of Urdaneta's economy expand and draw tourists.

1.14.2 Objectives
• The farmers or locals will benefit from learning more about modern farming, which
will help them improve their traditional methods. They may put what they have
learned to use and increase their income.
• To propose forward an project that would boost the local community's economy.
• Using Architectural solutions, create a modular system basis for modern
farming tactics and a well-designed infrastructure.

1.15 Scope and Delimitation

The implementation of the proposed agricultural research center in Urdaneta
City, Pangasinan, is the subject of this study. One of the municipality's key
economic sources is agriculture.

This study's focus is only on the residents of Pangasinan, in particular Urdaneta

City. Since local farmers will be the project's main users, their needs will be
prioritized in the design of the facilities.

1.16 Significance of the Study

The research considered the following beneficiaries to be significant in receiving
information from this study:

To the Community
Weighted assets to the community is this study. By boosting tourists and
training Filipino farmers about trying to cut old farming methods, it will aid
in the community's economic development.

To Local Government of Urdaneta City

A better method of improving the abilities of farmers and other individuals
who wish to understand modern farming is provided by the proposed
Agricultural Research Center. The study will be helpful to the LGU of
Urdaneta City by publishing this project that creates chances for the town

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to explore new ways of farming and to act as a way to solve economy,

which will benefit the residents of Urdaneta City.

1.17 Definition of terms

Hydroponics Farming - Hydroponics is a way to skip the soil, sub in a different

material to support the roots of the plant, and grow crops directly in nutrient-rich water.
There are multiple approaches to designing hydroponic systems, but the core elements
are essentially the same.

Aeroponics Farming - Aeroponics, a technique that allows crops to be grown without

soil and with minimal water usage, offers hope for the future of food as the global
population grows and resources dwindle. The innovative farming method uses 90% less
water than traditional farming.

Modern Agriculture - Modern agriculture is an ever-changing approach to agricultural

innovations and farming practices that helps farmers increase efficiency and reduce the
amount of natural resources needed to meet the world's food, fuel and fiber demands.

Research Center - A research centre is a formally structured unit within the university,
other than a department or a school, established with the purpose of advancing
scholarly activity primarily through collaborative research, research training, research
dissemination, or creative endeavours.

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Chapter II
Research Methodology

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2.1 Research Methodology

The researcher organized and recorded all the information she had gathered
from secondary sources on a laptop. For the review of linked literature, the
researcher uses the internet to obtain certain articles and data. The proposed
project's potential research location was chosen through a site selection
procedure. It is important to investigate the area or conduct a site study while
taking the environment and site condition into account. Knowing the site's
condition, availability, area, orientation, and other factors that must be taken into
account to support its compatibility with suitable solutions is useful.

2.2 Data Gathering Instrument

The research study employs a qualitative method of inquiry. Multiple issues that
must be clarified for the implementation of the layout decision-making process
should be done using this way. The researcher started the study by observing
farmers in person to demonstrate the absence of facilities to them and as a first
step in developing solutions that would arrange the project's requirements.

2.3 Procedure
The goal of the initial step was to clearly outline the issue that the final method
would address. The process of interpretation starts with acquiring the essential
data, which is followed by assessing the information discovered through site
inspections and interviewing. The conclusions and recommendations will then be
based in part on the findings. Compare the results to the criteria and instructions
for the research once you've generated your findings. The following chapter of
the study will contain an evaluation and presentation of the overall findings.
These will make it possible to write the conclusion and suggestions.

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2.4 Flow Chart

A Proposed
Agricultural Research
Center In Urdaneta
City, Pangasinan

Assessor’s Farmers
Library Internet
Office

Extract

Collate

Data
Sufficient
NO

YES

Site Selection

Design
Design
Process Solution

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Chapter III
Architectural Research

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3.1 Space Programming

The building's areas are organized using space programming. It
is the initial part of any architectural design process, used to specify the
the needs of the residents. The project's difficulties and demands are also
identified through space programming, which also provides the proper number of
rooms, and anthropometric measurements needed for effective operation.

Main Building

Space Net Area Function Units

Requirement
• Canteen 159 Sq. M. Dining area 1

• Commercial 45 Sq. M. Shop/ Food Stalls 3

Space

• Vertical 1,035 Sq. M. Farming/ 1

Farm Observation area

• Hydroponics 853 Sq. M. Farming/ 1

Growing Observation area
Area

• Function 707 Sq. M. Mix used space 1

Room

• Library 225 Sq. M. Study/ Research 1

area
• Restrooms 125 Sq. M. Comfort area 6

• Training 140 Sq. M. Study area 22

workshop
room

• Growing 100 Sq. M Observation area 16

plants
research
area

• Utility/ 65 Sq. M. Storage of utility 6

Storage materials

• Computer 154 Sq. M. Research area 1

Room

• Exhibition 707 Sq. M. Exhibit area 1

Hall

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• Conference 225 Sq. M. Meeting room 1

Room

• Aeroponics 853 Sq. M. Farming/ 1

Growing Observation
Area area

Restaurant

Space Net Area Function Units

Requirement
• Kitchen 21 Sq. M. Cooking area 1

• Service Area 10 Sq. M. Serving area 1

• Restrooms 39 Sq. M. Comfort area 1

• Dining area 177 Sq. M. Eating area 2

• Outdoor 62 Sq. M. Eating area 1

Dining

• Private 92 Sq. M. Eating area 1

Dining

Warehouse
Space Net Area Function Units
Requirement
• Warehouse 375 Sq. M. Storage Facility 1

Greenhouse
Space Net Area Function Units
Requirement
• Greenhouse 1,017 Sq. M. Farming/ 1
1 Observation area

• Greenhouse 380 Sq. M. Farming/ 2

2 Observation area

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REFERENCES:
• https://www.fao.org/3/ae946e/ae946e03.htm?fbclid=IwAR1LFeYHdMW-
Oe8raqpliPIXbq9_NnG3MPXgHXkA3XzkOW_ThL1mI9dkwy4
• http://fresnostate.edu/jcast/jarc/?fbclid=IwAR0WkiK1qyoZ5S6KEdWd4x_AauNA_
FPX0zJEBoFNgqCdHtxSuBjEhDGM9zo
• https://www.dotproperty.com.ph/blog/nueva-ecija-more-than-just-
agriculture?fbclid=IwAR1gRMMjCxFQZiNr37Egxh7nECRLSwuee0SraJKfP14TR
4TbbCaq9ZIR6bc

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