TF No.

1a
Republic of the Philippines
ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY
Echague, Isabela
College of Engineering

APPROVAL OF THESIS TITLE

_
Date

The Dean
College of Engineering
ISU, Echague, Isabela

Sir;

I wish to request approval of the title of my thesis “GIS

BASED WATER REQUIREMENT DETERMINATION FOR RICE FIELDS IN
ISU-E” which I plan to conduct from January to March 2020.
Attached is the Thesis Title Research Proposal for your
references.
I look forward to your favorable consideration to this thesis.

Respectfully yours,

CHRISTIAN C. RINGOR
Thesis Student

NOTED:

NELIA S. ALVAREZ
Thesis Instructor

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL:

JANUEL P. FLORESCA, Ph.D. JOEL M. ALCARAZ, Ph.D.

Adviser Department Chairman

GORGONIO C. VALLESTERO II, Ph.D. APPROVED:

Research Coordinator
JOEL M. ALCARAZ, Ph.D.

College Dean
TF No. 1b
Republic of the Philippines
ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY
Echague, Isabela
College of Engineering

CAPSULE RESEARCH PROPOSAL

NAME : CHRISTIAN C. RINGOR

COURSE : BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
TITLE : GIS BASED WATER REQUIREMENT DETERMINATION FOR
RICE FIELDS IN ISU-E

A. Importance of the Study

Water requirement defined as the depth of water

needed to meet the water consumed through

evapotranspiration by a disease-free crop, growing in

large fields under non-restricting soil conditions

including soil water and fertility, and achieving full

production potential under the given growing

environment. Crop needs water because it serves as

their food and crop also do not need too much water for

some reason the crops will wither, that is why we need

to know the right amount of water to be applied on our

farmer’s rice field to avoid excess usage of water and

to help the crop grow better.

 Rice field is divided into rice paddies which are

flooded with water throughout most of the growing

season. The main reason for flooding the rice fields is

that most rice varieties maintain better growth and

produce higher yields when grown in flooded soils then

when grown in dry soils, it also helps to minimize

growth of weeds and also to control the attack of the

snails to the crop.

Water is required to bring the fields to

saturation, and to establish a layer of water in the

fields to facilitate land preparation. There-after

water is required to supplement natural losses from the

fields and to satisfy the consumptive use by the plant.

Saturation of water, Evapotranspiration, Seepage

percolation will be calculated for determining the

water requirement.

Tis study seeks in employing GIS (Geographic

Information System) Software to generate the water

requirement determination for rice fields in ISU-E.

B. Objectives of the Study

 This study aims to;

a. Determine the required water in a rice field.

b. To maximize the use of water

c. To determine the irrigation schedule for rice

under limited water resources.

d. To determine the infiltration rate of the soil.

e. To provide plants with sufficient water to obtain

optimum yields and a high quality harvested

product.

C. Time and Place of the Study

This study will be conducted at the College of

Engineering, Isabela State University, Echague, Isabela.

From January to March 2018.

D. Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study will be limited only on the GIS based

water requirement determination for rice fields in

Isabela State University Echague Campus.

E. Definition of Terms

The following terminologies is used in this

research are hereby defined to assist readers to

understand the study easier.

Geographic Information System (GIS) Software. A kind of

Computerized map, but the real role is using statistics

and spatial methods to analyze characters and geography.

Map. Any graphical representation of geographic spatial

information.

Soil Analysis. Soil analysis is the process of

determining the amount of nutrients present in the soil.

Soil pH. Soil pH is the measure of acidity and alkalinity

of the soil.

Soil pH Map. A map that indicates the pH level of the

soil in the study sites.

Irrigation. Irrigation is the application of controlled

amounts of water to plants at needed intervals.

Crop. Crops are plants such as wheat and potatoes that

are grown in large quantities of food.

Water Requirement. The ratio of the weight

of water absorbed during the growth of a plant to the dry

matter produced often expressed as the number of grams

of water taken up per gram of dry weight of plant

product.

Rice. A swamp grass which is widely cultivated as a

source of food, especially in Asia.

Rice field. A flooded parcel of arable land used for

growing semiaquatic crops, most notably rice and taro.

Water balance. In hydrology, a water balance equation can

be used to describe the flow of water in and out of a

system. A system can be one of several hydrological

domains, such as a column of soil or a drainage

basin. Water balance can also refer to the ways in which

an organism maintains water in dry or hot conditions.

Evapotranspiration. the process by which water is

transferred from the land to the atmosphere by

evaporation from the soil and other surfaces and by

transpiration from plants.

Evaporation. The process of turning from liquid into

vapor.

Run-off. The draining away of water (or substances

carried in it) from the surface of an area of land, a

building or structure, etc.

Percolation. Percolation is the process of a liquid

slowly passing through a filter. It's how coffee is

usually made. Percolation comes from the Latin word

percolate, which means "to strain

through." Percolation happens when liquid is strained

through a filter, like when someone makes coffee.

Rice Paddy. An irrigated or flooded field where rice is

grown.

Root zone. Simply put, the root zone of plants is the

area of soil and oxygen surrounding the roots of a

plant. Roots are the starting point of a plants vascular

system. Water and nutrients are pulled up from the

oxygenated soil around the roots, called the root zone,

and pumped in to all the aerial parts of the plant.

 II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Soil to supplement the natural rainfall Irrigation is

widely defined as the practice of applying water to the and

provide moisture for plant growth (Uphoff, 1986).

Wichelns (2000), also argued that the primary goal of

irrigation, from farmer's perspective, is to deliver the

volume and quality water required by plants, throughout a

season, to optimize plant growth and crop production. In the

same study irrigation is defined as "human intervention to

modify the spatial or temporal distribution of water and to

manipulate all or part of this water for the production of

agricultural crops".

FAO (2001), also reports that the role of irrigation in

addressing food insecurity problem and in achieving

agricultural growth at global level is well established.

Clearly, irrigation 18 can and should play an important role

in raising and stabilizing food production especially in the

less developed parts of Africa south of the Sahara.

According to Dupriez and De Leener (2002), irrigated

cultivation is agricultural production using irrigation

water in addition to rainfall. Irrigated crops benefit from

man-made watering with the help of water pipes, canals,

reservoirs and pumps. The source of irrigation water is

surface water or groundwater. Surface water is obtained in

ponds, lakes, rivers and seas whereas groundwater is

obtained underground in liquid or vapor state.

Stephen Haefele and Robert Hijmans (2009), recent

technological advances, such as development of stress

tolerant rice varieties and improved crop-management

options, can help boost yields substantially. However, such

benefits depend strongly on the quality and availability of

natural resources, particularly soil and water.

III. MATERIALS AND METHODS

A. Materials

The following materials and instruments used in

the study:

1. Collection of Data

a. Laptop with ArcGIS

b. Global Positioning System (GPS)

c. Handheld Global Positioning System

Receiver

2. Soil sampling

a. Shovel

b. Weighing Scale
 c. Plastic Bag

d. Marker pen

B. Methodology

1. Selection of study sites

Rice fields within the vicinity of Isabela State

University Echague Campus was considered in the

study.

2. Selection of sample farms

Based on the master list of the known population

of the rice farmers kin ISU-E. The sample size was

determined through the Sloven’s formula below using a

margin of error of 15%. Shown below,

N
n= 2
1+ Ne

3. Soil Sample Collection Procedure

The gathering of rice fields soil samples

will follow the recommended procedures:

a. To take a spot sample, first clear soil surface

from stone, litters, worms and other

vegetations.

b. Using a spade, dig a pit to a depth of 20-30cm.

c. From one side of the pit, take a slice of soil

2-3cm thick with a single thrust of the shovel.

Using a knife, trim the slice of soil both

sides to a bar of one-inch width.

d. Place the bar of soil collected from the

different spots into a pail or any available

clean container.

e. Break up large lumps of soil and mix

thoroughly.

f. Place on clean plastic bag and air dry. Keep

away from foreign materials that can cause

contamination.

g. When dried, put in a clean plastic or paper bag

with the following information written on a

clean paper or cardboard.