Saynis 8aad Af Soomaali

DAWLADDA PUNTLAAN EE SOOMAALIYA
WASAARADA WAXBARASHADDA IYO TACLIINTA SARE
MUQARARKA
SAYNISKA
DUGSIYADA HOOSE/DHEXE
2015
i
TUSMADA
TUSMADA ........................................................................................................... ii
HORUDHAC ...................................................................................................... xiii
MUHIIMADA MAADADA .................................................................................. xiv
YOOLALKA ....................................................................................................... xiv
NATIIJOOYINKA MAADADDA ............................................................................ xv

1. Hababka Baridda iyo Barashada ..................................................................................................... xv
2. Hababka Qiimaynta sayniska ............................................................................................................. i
3. MAGIDDA MUQARARKA .................................................................................................................... i
FASALKA KOOWAAD ........................................................................................... 1

1. WAXBARASHADA CAAFIMAADKA ..................................................................................................... 1
1.1 QAYBAHA JIRKA......................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 MUHIIMADDA NADIIFINTA JIRKA ................................................................................................... 2
2. NOOLE IYO MA-NOOLE ..................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 ABLA-ABLAYNTA NOOLAHA IYO MA-NOOLAHA ....................................................................... 3

2.2. NOOLAHA IYO MA-NOOLAHA INAGU XEERAN ......................................................................... 4
3. XAYAWAANKA IYO DHIRTA ............................................................................................................... 5
3.1 XAYAWAANADA DABJOOGTA IYO DUURJOOGTA..................................................................... 5

3.2. MAGACYADA IYO ISTICMAALKA DHIRTA INAGU XEERAN ........................................................ 6
4. CUNTO ............................................................................................................................................... 7
4.1 MAGACYADA CUNTOOYINKA CAANKA AH ............................................................................... 7

4.2. AQOOLAHA ............................................................................................................................... 8
ii
5. BIYO ................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.1 ILAHA BIYAHA............................................................................................................................ 9

5.2. ISTICMAALKA BIYAHA ............................................................................................................. 10
6. HAWO ............................................................................................................................................. 11
6.1 JIRITAANKA HAWADA ............................................................................................................. 11
FASALKA LABAAD ............................................................................................. 12

1. WAXBARASHADA CAAFIMAADKA ................................................................................................... 12
1.1 XUBNAHA DAREENKA ............................................................................................................. 12

1.2 SHAQADA XUBNAHA DAREENKA ............................................................................................ 13
2. NOOLAHA IYO MA-NOOLAHA ......................................................................................................... 14
2.1 ASTAAMAHA NOOLAHA IYO MA-NOOLAHA ........................................................................... 14

2.2 KHATARTA NOOLAHA IYO MA-NOOLAHA............................................................................... 15
3. XAYAWAANKA IYO DHIRTA ............................................................................................................. 16
3.1 DEEGAANKA XAYAWAANKA ................................................................................................... 16

3.2 QAYBAHA GEEDKA .................................................................................................................. 17
4. CUNTO ............................................................................................................................................. 18
4.1 NOOCYADA CUNTADA ............................................................................................................ 18

4.2 ISTICMAALKA CUNTADA ......................................................................................................... 19
5. BIYO ................................................................................................................................................. 20
5.1 BIYO DHAAMIN ....................................................................................................................... 20

5.2 NADIIFINTA BIYAHA ................................................................................................................ 21
6. CARRO ............................................................................................................................................. 22
6.1 NOOCYADA CARRADA ............................................................................................................. 22

7. ILAYS ................................................................................................................................................ 23
7.1 ILAHA ILAYSKA ......................................................................................................................... 23

7.2 ADEEGSIGA ILAYSKA IYO MIDABADIISA .................................................................................. 24
8. JABAQ .............................................................................................................................................. 25
8.2 SAMEYSANKA JABAQDA.......................................................................................................... 26

9. HAWO ............................................................................................................................................. 27
iii
FASALKA SADDEXAAD ....................................................................................... 28
1.1 JIMICSIGA ................................................................................................................................ 28

1.2 WAXTARKA HURDADA ............................................................................................................ 29
2. NOOLAHA ........................................................................................................................................ 30
2.1 XAYAWAANKA ......................................................................................................................... 30

2.2 DHIRTA .................................................................................................................................... 31
2.3 XAYAWAANKA IYO DHIRTA ..................................................................................................... 32
3. CUNTO ............................................................................................................................................. 33
3.1 CUNTOOYINKA LAGA HELO XAYAWAANADA ......................................................................... 33

3.2 CUNTOOYINKA LAGA HELO DHIRTA........................................................................................ 34
4. BIYO ................................................................................................................................................. 35
4.1 KAYDINTA BIYAHA ................................................................................................................... 35

4.2 MUQUURIDDA IYO SABBEYNTA .............................................................................................. 36
4.3 WALXAHA MILMA IYO KUWA AAN MILMIN ........................................................................... 37
5. CARRO ............................................................................................................................................. 38
5.1 ISTICMAALKA CARRADA .......................................................................................................... 38

5.2 ILAALINTA CARRADA ............................................................................................................... 39
6. ILAYS ................................................................................................................................................ 40
6.1 SAMAYSANKA HOOSKA ........................................................................................................... 40

6.2 ADEEGSIGA MURAAYADAHA .................................................................................................. 41
7. JABAQ .............................................................................................................................................. 42
7.1 DHERERKA JABAQDA............................................................................................................... 42

7.2 JABAQ DHEER IYO JABAQ GAABAN ......................................................................................... 43
8. TAMAR, HAWL IYO AWOOD ........................................................................................................... 44
8.1 ILAHA KULKA ........................................................................................................................... 44

8.2 TAMARTA CUNTADA ............................................................................................................... 45
iv
9. HAWO ............................................................................................................................................. 46
9.1 JIRITAANKA HAWADA ............................................................................................................. 46

9.2 SAAMAYNTA DABAYSHU KU LEEDAHAY DEEGAANKA ............................................................ 47
FASALKA AFRAAD ............................................................................................. 48

1.1 NADAADAFADDA DEEGAANKA DUGSIGA ............................................................................... 48

1.2 QASHIN ASTURID .................................................................................................................... 49
2. XAYAWAANKA ................................................................................................................................. 50
2.1 LAFDHABARLEY IYO LAFDHABARLA’ ....................................................................................... 50

3. DHIRTA ............................................................................................................................................ 52
3.1 QAYBAHA GEEDKA .................................................................................................................. 52

4. CUNTO ............................................................................................................................................. 55
4.1 ABLA-ABLAYTA CUNTADA ....................................................................................................... 55

4.2 CUNTADA ISU DHEELLITIRAN .................................................................................................. 56
5. BIYO ................................................................................................................................................. 57
5.1 WAJIYADA BIYAHA .................................................................................................................. 57

5.2 SIDA ROOBKU U SAMEYSMO .................................................................................................. 58
6. CARRO ............................................................................................................................................. 59
6.1 LAKABYADA CARRADA ............................................................................................................ 59

6.2 HUYUUMAS ............................................................................................................................. 60
7. CABBIRAADA IYO HALBEEGYADA .................................................................................................... 61
7.1 CABBIRAADDA DHERERKA IYO AMMINTA .............................................................................. 61

7.2 KA SHAQAYNTA DHERER, AMMIN IYO XAWAARE .................................................................. 62
8. ILAYS ................................................................................................................................................ 63
8.1 ASTAAMAHA ILAYSKA ............................................................................................................. 63

8.2 MUHIIMADDA ILAYSKA ........................................................................................................... 64
9. JABAQ .............................................................................................................................................. 65
9.1 SIDA JABAQDU U SOCOTO ...................................................................................................... 65

9.2 ISTICMAALKA JABAQDA .......................................................................................................... 66
v
9.3 JABAQ NOQOD ........................................................................................................................ 67
10. TAMAR, HAWL IYO AWOOD ....................................................................................................... 68
10.1 GUDBINTA KULKA ................................................................................................................... 68

10.2 GUDBIYEYAASHA IYO MA-GUDBIYEYAASHA KULKA ............................................................... 69
11. HAWO.......................................................................................................................................... 70
11.1 ASTAAMAHA HAWADA ........................................................................................................... 70

11.2 SAAMEYNTA KULKU KU LEEYAHAY HAWADA ......................................................................... 71
12. MAATAR ...................................................................................................................................... 72
12.1 WAJIYADA IYO ASTAAMAHA MAATARKA ............................................................................... 72

12.2 ISBEDDELADA MAATARKA ...................................................................................................... 73
Tixraacayada lagu Taliyeyy ...................................................................................................................... 74
FASALKA SHANAAD .......................................................................................... 79

2. XAYAWAANKA ................................................................................................................................. 82
2.1 HABDHISKA NEEFSASHADA DADKA ........................................................................................ 82

3. DHIRTA ............................................................................................................................................ 84
3.1 UBAXA ..................................................................................................................................... 84

3.2 UBAXLEY IYO UBAXLA’ ............................................................................................................ 85
4. BIYO ................................................................................................................................................. 86
4.1 FIDIDDA BIYAHA ...................................................................................................................... 86

4.2 URURIDDA BIYAHA .................................................................................................................. 87
5. CABBIRAADDA IYO HALBEEGYADA ................................................................................................. 88
5.1 CUF, MUGG IYO CUFNAAN ..................................................................................................... 88

6. KULKA .............................................................................................................................................. 89
6.1 CABBIRAADDA KULKA ............................................................................................................. 89

6.2 SAAMEYNTA KULKU KU LEEYAHAY MAATARKA ..................................................................... 90
6.3 GUDBINTA KULKA ................................................................................................................... 91
7. HAWADA ......................................................................................................................................... 92
7.1 MUHIIMADDA HAWADA ......................................................................................................... 92

vi
7.2 WAXYAABAHA HAWADU DHAQAAJISO .................................................................................. 93
8. CIMILO IYO CIMILO GOOREED ........................................................................................................ 94
8.1 HORUDHACA CIMILADA IYO CIMILO GOOREED ..................................................................... 94

8.2 SAAMEYNTA CIMILO GOOREEDKA KU LEEDAHAY DADKA ...................................................... 95
9. DHULKA IYO DULULAATI (HAWADA SARE) ..................................................................................... 96
9.1 MAALIN IYO HABEYN .............................................................................................................. 96

9.2 WAJIYADA DAYAXA ................................................................................................................. 97
10. DEEGAANKA ................................................................................................................................ 98
10.1 HORUDHACA DEEGAANKA IYO WUXUU KA KOOBAN YAHAY................................................. 98

10.2 ILAALINTA DHIRTA DEEGAANKA ............................................................................................. 99
11. BEERAHA ................................................................................................................................... 100
11.1 HORUDHACA BEERAHA ......................................................................................................... 100

11.2 MAALGELINTA BEERAHA ....................................................................................................... 101
12 DANAB IYO BIRLAB .................................................................................................................... 102
12.1 HORUDHACA DANABKA ........................................................................................................ 102

12.2 GUDBIYAASHA IYO MA-GUDBIYAASHA DANABKA ............................................................... 103
12.3 MAREEGAHA DANABKA ........................................................................................................ 104
13. MAATAR .................................................................................................................................... 105
13.1 ASTAAMAHA MAATARKA...................................................................................................... 105

13.2 WALXAHA SAAFIDA AH ......................................................................................................... 106
FASALKA LIXAAD ............................................................................................. 107

1. WAXBARASHADA CAAFIMAADKA ................................................................................................. 107
1.1 DULINADA LA YAQAAN ......................................................................................................... 107

1.2 CALAAMADAHA IYO FIDITAANKA DULINKA .......................................................................... 108
1.3 DIFAACA IYO KA HORTAGA DULINKA .................................................................................... 109
2. XAYAWAANKA ............................................................................................................................... 110
2.1 HABDSHISKA DHEEFSHIIDKA ................................................................................................. 110

2.2 SHAQOOYINKA HABDHISKA DHEEFSHIIDKA ......................................................................... 111
2.3 HABDHISKA QALFOOFKA DADKA .......................................................................................... 112
vii
3. DHIRTA .......................................................................................................................................... 114
3.1 QAABKA UBAXA .................................................................................................................... 114

3.2 CALEEMAHA .......................................................................................................................... 115
3.3 XIDIDDA ................................................................................................................................. 116
4. BIYO ............................................................................................................................................... 117
4.1 NUUGIDA BIYAHA GEEDKA ................................................................................................... 117

4.2 DHIDIDKA CALEENTA............................................................................................................. 118
5. CABIRADDA IYO HALBEEGAYADA ................................................................................................. 119
5.1 CUF IYO CULAYS .................................................................................................................... 119

6. TAMAR, HAWL IYO AWOOD ......................................................................................................... 120
6.1 HAWL .................................................................................................................................... 120

6.2 TAMARTA .............................................................................................................................. 121
6.3 AWOODDA ............................................................................................................................ 122
7. ILAYS .............................................................................................................................................. 123
7.1 WAA MAXAY ILAYSKU? ............................................................................................................... 123

7.2 ILAYS GUDBIYE, ILAYS BAR-GUDIYE IYO ILAYS MA-GUDBIYE ................................................ 124
8 HAWADA ....................................................................................................................................... 125
8.1 ISKU JIRKA HAWADDA........................................................................................................... 125

8.2 NEEFAHA HAWADA ............................................................................................................... 126
9 CIMILO IYO CIMILO GOOREED ...................................................................................................... 127
9.1 AALADAHA CIMILO GOOREEDKA IYO ADEEGSIGEEDA ......................................................... 127

9.2 AALADA ROOBKA (ROOB-BEEG)............................................................................................ 128
10 HAWADA IYO DULILAATI (HAWADA SARE) ............................................................................... 129
10.1 BAHO CADCEEDEED .............................................................................................................. 129

10.2 DAYAXA IYO QORAX MADOOBAAD ...................................................................................... 130
11 DEEGAANKA .............................................................................................................................. 131
11.1 DIKHAWGA HAWADDA ......................................................................................................... 131

11.2 DIKHAWGA DEEGAANKA ...................................................................................................... 132
11.3 DIKHAWGA CARRADA ........................................................................................................... 133
viii
12 BEERAHA ................................................................................................................................... 134
12.1 DHAQASHO ........................................................................................................................... 134

12.2 CUDURADA XAYAWAANKA LA YAQAAN ............................................................................... 135
13. DANAB IYO BIR-LABAYN ............................................................................................................ 136
13.1 HORUDHACA BIR-LABAYNTA ................................................................................................ 136

13.2 HORUDHACA DANABNEG ..................................................................................................... 137
14. MAATAR .................................................................................................................................... 138
14.1 KALA SAARIDA WALXAHA ISKU JIRRKA ................................................................................. 138

14.2 CURIYE IYO ISKUDHIS ............................................................................................................ 139
FASALKA TODOBAAD ...................................................................................... 140

1.1 CUDURADA CAANKA AH EE KA DHASHA HAWADA .............................................................. 140

1.2 CUDURADA CAANKA AH EE KA DHASHA BIYAHA ................................................................. 141
1.3 WAXYAALAHA SABABA CUDURADA KA DHASHA HAWADA IYO BIYAHA.............................. 142
1.4 KA HORTAGGA CUDURADA KA DHASHA HAWADA IYO BIYAHA ........................................... 143

2. XAYAWAANKA ............................................................................................................................... 144
2.1 HABDHISKA QASHINSAARKA DADKA .................................................................................... 144

2.2 HABDHISKA WAREEGGA DHIIGGA DADKA............................................................................ 146
3. DHIRTA .......................................................................................................................................... 148
3.1 FAXLIDDA .............................................................................................................................. 148

3.2 BACRIMINTA ......................................................................................................................... 149
3.3 MIRAHA IYO INIINYAHA ........................................................................................................ 150
3.4 FIRDHINTA INIINYAHA ........................................................................................................... 151
3.5 BIQLIDDA INIINTA ................................................................................................................. 152
4. BIYO ............................................................................................................................................... 153
4.1 HABABKA LOO QABTO OO LOO KAYDIYO BIYAHA ................................................................ 153

4.2 DIQAWGA BIYAHA................................................................................................................. 154
5. ILAYS .............................................................................................................................................. 155
5.1 ILAYS NOQODKA ................................................................................................................... 155
ix
5.2 QALLOOCSANKA ILAYS .......................................................................................................... 156
6. HAWSHA IYO TAMARTA ................................................................................................................ 157
6.1 NOOCYADA TAMARTA .......................................................................................................... 157

6.2 DOORSOONKA TAMARTA ..................................................................................................... 158
7. CIMILO IYO CIMILO GOOREED ...................................................................................................... 159
7.1 GIBILKA .................................................................................................................................. 159

7.2 QALABKA LAGA HELO XARUMAHA CIMILO GOOREEDKA ..................................................... 160
8. DEEGAANKA .................................................................................................................................. 161
8.1 DIB-U-ADEEGSIGA WALXAHA QASHINKA EE DEEGAANKA ................................................... 161

8.2 DIB-U-HABAYNTA XAASHIYAHA ............................................................................................ 162
8.3 DIB-U-HABAYNTA CAAGAGGA .............................................................................................. 163
9. BEERAHA ....................................................................................................................................... 164
9.1 DIYAARINTA DHULKA ............................................................................................................ 164

9.2 BEERASHO ............................................................................................................................. 165
10 XOOGGAGGA IYO SOCODKA ..................................................................................................... 166
10.1 HURUDHACA XOOGGA ......................................................................................................... 166

10.2 XOOGGA ISLISKA ................................................................................................................... 167
10.3 YAREYNTA ISLISKA ................................................................................................................. 168
10.4 CADAADISKA ............................................................................................................................. 169
11 DANABKA IYO BIRLABTA ........................................................................................................... 170
11.1 KA BADBAADIDA WAXYEELADA KORANTADA ...................................................................... 170

11.2 MAREEGTA KORANTADA FUDUD.......................................................................................... 171
12 MAATAR .................................................................................................................................... 172
12.1 CULAYS, MUG IYO CUFNAAN ................................................................................................ 172

12.2 TUSAHA KALGALKA CURIYEYAASHA CASRIGA AH ................................................................. 173
12.3 BIRAHA IYO BIRMA-AHEYAASHA .......................................................................................... 174
13 BADBAADINTA IYO GARGAARKA DEG DEGA AH ....................................................................... 175
13.1 HABRAACYADA BADBAADINTA ............................................................................................. 175
x
FASALKA SIDEEDAAD ...................................................................................... 177
1.1 CUDURRADA ......................................................................................................................... 177

1.2 CUDURRADA LA ISU GUDBIYO IYO KUWA LA KALA DHAXLO................................................ 178
1.3 KA HORTAGGA IYO ILAALINTA CUDURRADA LA ISU GUDBIYO ............................................. 179
1.4 MAANDOORIYAYAASHA........................................................................................................ 180
1.5 WAXYEELADA IYO KA HORTAGGA MAANDOORIYAYAASHA ................................................. 181
2. UNUGGA IYO WEYNAYSADA ......................................................................................................... 182
2.1 WEYNAYSADA ....................................................................................................................... 182

2.2 UNUGGA XAYAWAANKA IYO DHIRTA ................................................................................... 183
3. XAYAWAANKA ............................................................................................................................... 184
3.1 HABDHISKA TARANKA DADKA .............................................................................................. 184

3.2 NAAS NUUJINTA .................................................................................................................... 185
3.3 TARANKA RAHA ..................................................................................................................... 186
3.4 TARANKA KALLUUNKA .......................................................................................................... 187
3.5 TARANKA SHIMBIRAHA ......................................................................................................... 188
4. DHIRTA .......................................................................................................................................... 189
4.1 FOOTOOSINTISIS ................................................................................................................... 189

4.2 HABDHIS-DEEGAAN .............................................................................................................. 190
5. XISAABINTA HAWSHA IYO TAMARTA ........................................................................................... 191
5.1 HAWSHA................................................................................................................................ 191

5.2 TAMARTA .............................................................................................................................. 192
6. DHULKA IYO DULULAATIGA (HAWADA SARE) .............................................................................. 193
6.1 DAYAX GACMEEDKA IYO XIDDIGYAHANADA ........................................................................ 193

6.2 SEEFTA CIRKA, WARAMADA CIRKA IYO XIDGAHA ................................................................ 194
7. BEERAHA ....................................................................................................................................... 195
7.1 DHAQASHADA XOOLAHA ...................................................................................................... 195

7.2 DHAQASHADA DIGAAGGA .................................................................................................... 196
7.3 DHAQASHADA SHINNIDA ...................................................................................................... 197
7.4 DHAQASHADA KALLUUNKA .................................................................................................. 198
xi
7.5 DALAG BEERID ....................................................................................................................... 199
8. DANAB IYO BIRLAB ........................................................................................................................ 200
8.1 BADAD BIRLABEED ................................................................................................................ 200

8.2 ADEEGSIGA DANAB BIRLABEEDKA ........................................................................................ 201
9. MAKIINADAHA FUDUD ................................................................................................................. 202
9.1 HORUDHAC MAKIINADAHA FUDUD ..................................................................................... 202

9.2 MAKIINADAHA FUDUD IYO KARTIDOODA ............................................................................ 203
9.3 KHAAFIYADO ......................................................................................................................... 204
10. ASIIDHADA IYO BAYSYADA ........................................................................................................ 205
10.1 HORUDHAC ASIIDHADA IYO BAYSYADA................................................................................ 205

10.2 FALGALKA ASIIDHYADA IYO BAYSYADA ................................................................................ 206
11. BADBAADINTA IYO GARGAARKA DEG DEG AH ......................................................................... 207
11.1 TAXADARKA GURIGA LOOGA BAAHAN YAHAY ..................................................................... 207

11.2 GARGAARKA DEG DEGA AH .................................................................................................. 208
12. NAKHTIIN................................................................................................................................... 209
TIXRAACA LAGU TALIYEY ....................................................................................................................... 210
xii
HORUDHAC
Waxbarashada saynisku waxay awood u siisaa bartayaasha in ay ka helaan fahan
dunida inagu xeeran. Maadada sayniska bartayaashu waxay ka helayaan aqoon
cilmiyaysan, xirfado, iyo qiyam kaas ay ku xaliyaan dhibaatadooda. Maadadu
sidoo kale waxay hormarisaa garaadka iyo hal-abuurimada muhiimka ah.
Sayniska waxaa lagu baran doona iyadoo la samayndoono gacan ka-qabadyo.
Habka barashadu waxa ay noqon doontaa mid bartayaashu yihiin xudunta
baradasha halka barayaashu ay xiriirinayaan khibrada barashadaa iyo isbabadalka
noloshooda. Baruhu sidoo kale waxa ay dhiirigalinayaa bartayaasha in ay fuliyaan
gacan ka-qabadyo si ay hormariyaan bulshada.
Sidoo kale muqararkan waxaa lagu daray xaaladaha gaarka ah sida deegaanka,
beeraha, waxbarashad caafimaaka iyo HIV/AYDHISka
Muqarar sayniskani waxa uu asaas u yahay waxbarshada cilmiyaysan ee heerarka
sare. Muqarankan sidoo kale waxa uu xoogga saarayaya in ay soo baxaan jiil ah
qaabkii loogu talagay iyo in la xoojiyo waxbarashada.
Muqararkan waxaa saldhig u ah Qaab-dhismeedka manjka ee puntlaand sidoo
kale sayniskan wuxuu xooga saarayaa baahida loo qabo in la helo isu
dheelitirnaan u dhaxaysa cilmi sayniska, xirfadaha iyo qiyamka
Intaa markii lagu daro, mawduucyada ku lamaan waxaa ka mid ah tiknoolojiyada ,
talooyinka arimaha bulshada iyo qiyamka sidoo kale wuxuu xooga saaray nuxurka
guud ee dabiicag ah iyo kan duleen ee aduunka.
Gunaanadkii, muqararkan waxa uu noqonayaa mid wax weyn ka beddela
bulshada isla markaana kor u qaada hal- abuurka iyo daahfurka bartayaasha
Soomaaliyeed/Puntland iyagoo adeegsanaya tijnoolajiyada noocyadeeda kala
duwan.
xiii
MUHIIMADA MAADADA
Saynisku waa aqoon caalami ah, taasoo ay dadku ku baarayaan walxaha nool iyo
kuwa aan noolayn, tamarta iyo falgalka u dhaxeeya walxaha iyo
tamartaa.Saynisku waa hooyada aqoonta ku saabsan aduunka, waxayna si micne
leh uga qayb qaadanaysaa horumarka tiknoolajiyada.Saynisku wuxuu naga
caawinayaa in baaritaan nidaamsan lagu sameeyo dhacdooyinka si loo odoroso,
loo hubiyo, loo cabiro, loo sharxo, loo indha indheeyo tijaabooyinka, loona gaaro
go’aan sax ah oo ku saabsan dhacdooyinka ka dhacaya dunida.
YOOLALKA
Ujoodooinka muqararka sayniska dugsiyada asaasiga ah waa in ay:
 helaan bartayaashu khibrad taas oo dhisaysa dantooda iyo korna u
qaadaysa u kuurgalida deegaankooda
 helaan bartayaashu qoon asaasi ah iyo nuxurka maadada si ay uga caawiso
in ay fahmaan naftooda iyo dunida ku xeeran
 helaan bartayaashu fursad si loo hormariyo xirfadooda iyo qiyamkooda la
xiraara baaritaanka cilmiyaysan
 Loo diyaariyo bartayaasha aqoon cilmiyaysan iyo habab ay ku gaari karaan
go’aanadooda gaarka ah
 Ka caawiyaan bartayaasha inay u mahdiyaana sida sayniska uu saameyn
ugu leeyahay dadka iyo deegaanka
 Hormariyaan awooda si ay ugu isticmaalaan aqoon iyo hab cilmiyaysan
 Hormariyaan wacyi galin muhiim ah doorka uu saynisku ku leeyahay nolol
maalmeedka
xiv
NATIIJOOYINKA MAADADDA
Maadada sayniska markay dhamaato bartayaashu waxay awood u yeelan
doonaan in ay:
 Helaan aqoonta sayniska, qaacidooyinka iyo xaqiiqooyinka sayniska
 Helaan xirfado baritaan, gacan ka-qabadyo, indha-indhayn, iyo samaynta
gunaanad micna leh
 Bartaan in ay isticmaalaan habka fikirka cilmiyaysan iyo xalinta dhibaatada
maalmeedka ah
 Ilaaliyaan caafimaadka naftooda , qowskooda iyo bulshadooda
 La-falgalaan deegaanka iyagoo isticmaalaaya aragtidooda cilmiyaysan iyo
mid ku salaysan nolol wanaagsan
 Helaan aqoonta khayraad ee dalka
 Helaan oo hormariyaan dareenka wanaagsan ee ku aadan barashada
sayniska
1. HABABKA BARIDDA IYO BARASHADA

Baruhu waxaa lagu dhiirigalinaayaa in uu isticmaalo habka lagu dhiso bartaha si
loo baro sayniska, habkani waa hab diirada saaraya in bartuhu uu noqdo xudunta
barashada dowrna ka qaata kobcinta garaadka.Tani waxaa astaan u ah barasho
iyo barid laga wada qayb qaadanayo, wadashaqayn iyo gacan ka-qabadyo la wada
sameynayo
Baruhu waa in uu u soo habeeya casharka hab ay bartayaashu isku
weydaarsadaan fikiradahooda si bartayaasha ay u wada shaqeeyaan.Baruhu waa
in uu u soo qorsheeyay casharka hab sare hana isticmaalo su’aalo furan iyo
tusaalooyin la xiriira baahidooda
Qaar ka mid ah Hababka Baridda iyo Barashada:

 Maskax-tuujin  Kedis
 Su’aal iyo jawaab  Xog-baaris
 Soo bandhigid  khudbadayn
 Shaqo kooxeed  Jilid
 Booqasho aqooneed  Dood
xv
2. HABABKA QIIMAYNTA SAYNISKA
Baruhu waxaa lagu dhiirigalinayaa in uu isticmaalo qiimayn isu
dheelitiran.Hababka Qiimaynta barashada waxay noqonaysaa Qiimeyn ogaansho,
Qiimeyn kobcin iyo Qiimeyn go’aan: taas oo ah qiimayn in lagu sameeyo waxa
labaranaayo iyo sida loo baranaayo. Barayaashu waxay qiimaynayaan aqoonta
bartayaasha, waxa ay fahmeen iyo waxa ay awood u leeyihiin in ay sameyn
karaan.Qiimayntu waxay noqonaysaa mid joogta ah oo la bartilmaamysanayo
aqoonta iyo xirfadaha ee lagu soo bartay muqararka
Qiimayntu waxy u dhacdaa siyaabo kala duwan ; taas waxaa dheer imtixaan
qoraal ah in barayaashu galikaraan iyagoo qiimaynaya heerkooda aqooneed
waxayna isticmaali karaan hababkaan soo socda:
 Gacan ka-qabadyo
 Xog-baaris
 Indha indhayta baraha
 Qoraal hubiye
 Hab-sameeye
 Shaxano
 Ciyaaro iyo kadisyo
 Doodo
 Ruwaayado/jilid
3. MAGIDDA MUQARARKA
Muqararkaan, barayaasha waxaa lagu dhiirigelinayaa inay fursado siiyaan bartayaashu
ay ku adeegsadaan aqoonta iyo isku dheehidda xirfadaha iyo hawlqabadyada si ay u
baaraan walxaha iyo dhacdooyinka ku xeeran.Barayaasha waxaaa kaloo lagu
dhiirigelinayaa inay adeegsadaan xeelado kala duwan si ay u fududeeyaan dariiqa
baarista.Xeelado la doortay ayaa hoos lagu muujiyey si ay u caawiyaan inay barayaaashu
cashar diyaarin iyo cashar gudbin macne xambaarsan oo bartayaasha soo jiidata
adeegsadaan.Waxqabadayada baridda iyo barashadu waa inay noqdaan kuwo ku
abuura bartayaasha xiiso iyo dareengelin xagga sayniska ah.Xeeladahaan waa la isku dari
karaa waana la dooran karaa tan ugu habboon xaaladaas. Qeexo yaryar oo laga bixiyey
xeelad kasta ayaa hoos lagu qoray:
Sharraxaad
iii
Waa caddeynta iyo faham fududeynta wax.Tusaale, sheegidda ama caddeynta sababaha
wax dhacay keena
Indha-indheyn
Tani waa xirfad loo adeegsado xubnaha dareenka si loogu ururiyo xogta ku saabsan shay
ama dhacdo, waxaa kaloo xirfaddaan ku jira adeegsiga qalabka si aan u kordhino
baaxadda xubnaheenna dareenka
Isbarbar dhig
Tani waa xirfadda lagu kala sooco isu ekaanshaha iyo kala duwanaanshaha labo walxood
iyo wax ka badan, ama lagu kala sooco fikrado iyo hannaan-socod.
Abla-ableyn
Tani waa xirfadda kooxeynta walxaha iyo dhacdooyinka oo ku saleysan astaamu la
wadaago
Adeegsiga agabka iyo qalabka
Tani waa xirfadda lagu garto shaqooyinka iyo xaddadnaanta agabka iyo horumarinta
awoodda lagu doorto ama lagu hanto hawlqabadyo badan oo agabka iyo qalabka
La xiriirid
Tani waa xirfadda gudbinta iyo helidda xogaha iyadoo loo soo bandhigayo qaabab kala
ah hadal ahaan, sawir ahaan, shax ahaan iyo garaaf ahaan.
Sifeyn/tilmaamid
Waa siinta faahfaahin ku saabsan shay laga siiyo ruux ama warbixin lagu bixiyo hadal
ahaan ama qoraal ahaan si loo gudbiyo fikrad.
Baaris
Marka la adeegsanayo baaris cilmiyeysan bartayaashu waxay ku xirmayaan
hawlqabadyo muujinaya sida saynisyahanadu u fakaraan iyo waxay xilliga hannaanka
go’aan qaadashada qabtaan, sida su’aalo weydiimaha iyo qorsheynta baarisyada.
Xallinta dhibaato
Xallinta dhibaatooyinku waxay bartayaasha u carbisaa inay xalal u helaan
dhibaatooyinka iyagoo adeegsanaya aqoon iyo xirfad cilmiyeysan.
Xog-baaris
Xog-baaristu waa waxqabadyo barasho ee bartayaasha laga rabo inay ku soo saaraan
shay, dhacdo, hannaan-shaqo ama ifafaale muddo kooban sida dhawr toddobaad.
Su’aalid
Su’aaluhu waa aallad u wanaagsan barista cilmiyeysan ee hannaan-shaqo. Barayaasha
iyo bartayaashuba waa inay dhexgalaan su’aalo iyo jawaabo marka cashar kasta la
qaadanayo. Waa in bartayaasha la siiyaan fursado ay su’aalo ku weydiiyaan inta
casharku socdo, laguna dhiirigeliyaa. Waa in bartayaasha lagu dhiirigeliyaa inay
weydiiyaan su’aalo xiran (hal jawaab leh) iyo su’aalo furan (fikrado kala duwan la soo
bandhigi karo).
ii
Jilitaan, ruwaayad, cayaaro
Jilitaan, ruwaayad iyo cayaaruhu waxa bartayaasha u ogolaadaan inay ku cabbiraan
fahamkooda cilmiyeed ee nuxurka iyo hannaan-shaqeedka si hal-abuur ku dheehan
yahay.
Nuxur Sawirid
Nuxur sawiriddu waa xeelad lagu soo bandhigo xiriirada macnaha xambaarsan ee
nuxurrada. Nuxur sawiriddu wuxuu muhiim u yahay isku dubbaridka iyo isku xirka
nuxurada iyo fikradaha.
Shaqo Kooxeed
Wax wada barashada, wax qabadyadu waa habeysan yihiin si arday waliba u dareemo
wax uun masuuliyad ah.
Bandhigid
Soo bandhigidda waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu baritaaro hannaanka barashada.
Habkaan waxaa lagu talinayaa in la isticmaalo marka ay adag tahay in bartuhu shaqsi
ahaan fursad u heli karo inuu sameeyo tijaabada.
Booqasho aqooneed
Boqashada aqooneed waa wax hawlqabad kasta oo barasho oo ka dhacda dugsiga
banaankiisa. Waxay siinaysaa furasad ay bartayaashu ku odorosaan, kuna
daahfuraan khibradaha sayniska ee nolol maalmeedka ku salaysan.
Cayaaro
Cayaaruhu waxay bartayaasha ku carbiyaan inay kiciyaan dareenkooda barasho ee
nuxurka iyo xirfadaha. Tani waxay muhiim u tahay inay bartayaasha ka caawiso xagga
maan-dheehashada iyo muujinta walxaha iyo hannaanada nolosha dhabta ah.
Rabitaan adag
Rabitaan in lagu odoroso deegaanka iyo in su’aal la galiyo waxay bartayaashu soo
helaan
Ha-abuurid
Soo jeedinta hal-abuurka iyo hababka la xiriira sidii dhibabka loo xallin lahaa
Daacadnimo
Haynta iyo xiriiritaanka xogta iyo warbixinta si daacad ah
Dhexdhexaad
La raadiyo xog iyo warbixin si loogu dhammaystiro indha-indhayta iyo
sharraxaadda sidii loo qoondeeyay
Masuuliyad
Loo muujiyo daryeel iyo u nixid walxaha nool iyo kuwa aan noolayn si loogu
wacyigashanaado masuuliyadda ay ku leeyihiin tayada deegaanka
iii
Lafa-gurid
Tani waa xirfad tilmaamaysaa in qaybaha walxaha, xogaha ama hababka iyo
qaabayta iyo xiriirka ka dhexeeya qaybahaan
Dulmarka muqararka
Muqararkan wuxuu ka kooban yahay loona habeeyaay mawduucyo gaaraaya 22
ee fasalada hoose/dhexe (Fasalada 1-8)
1. Waxbarashada caafimaadka
2. Noole iyo ma-noole
3. Unug iyo weyneyso
4. Xayawaanadka
5. Dhirta
6. Cunto
7. Biyo
8. Carro
9. Cabirada iyo hal-beegyada
10.Ilays
11.Jabaq
12.Tamar, hawl iyo awooda
13.Hawo
14.Cimilo iyo cimilo gooreed
15.Dhulka iyo dulilaatiga
16.Deegaan
17.Beeraha
18.Danab iyo bir-labayn
19.Socod iyo xoogg
20.Maatar
21.Badbaadinta iyo gargaarka
degdega ah
22.Naqtiin
iv
MUQARARKA
SAYNISKA
FASALADA 1-4
v
SHAXDA BAAXADDA IYO KALA-HORMARINTA MAADADA SAYNISKA
Tax Mawduuc F1 F2 F3 F4
1. Waxbarashada  Qaybaha jirka  Xubnaha dareenka  Jimicsiga  Nadaafada deegaanka
caafimaadka  Muhiimadda nadiifinta jirka  Shaqada xubnaha dareenka  Waxtarka hurdada dugsiga
 Qashin asturidda
2. Noolaha iyo ma-  Abla-ablaynta noolaha iyo ma-  Astaamaha noola iyo ma-noolaha  Xayawaanka
noolaha noolaha  Khatarta noolaha iyo ma-noolaha  Dhirta
 Noolaha iyo ma-noolaha dab-  Xayawaanka iyo
joogta ah dhirta
3. Xayawaanka iyo  Dabjoog iyo duurjoog  Degaanka xayawaanka

dhirta  Magacyada iyo isticmaalka  Qaybaha geedka
dhirta caanka ah
4. Xayawaanka - -  Lafdhabarley iyo lafdhabarla’
 lafdhabarley
 lafdhabarla’
5. Dhirta - -  Qaybaha dhirta

 Xidid
 Jirrid
 Caleen
6. Cunto  Magacyada cuntada caamka ah  Noocyada cuntada  Cuntada xayawaanka  Abla-ablaynta cuntada
laga helo
 Aqoolaha  Isticmaalka cuntada  Cuntada isu dheellitiran
 Cuntada dhirta laga
helo
7. Biyo  Ilaha biyaha  Dhaaminta biyaha  Kaydinta biyaha  Wajiyada biyaha

 Isticmaalka biyaha  Ka dhigida biyo nadiif khatar la’  Muquuridda iyo  Sida rrobku u sameysmo
sabbeynta
 Walxaha milma iyo
kuwa aan milmin
8. Carro  Noocyada carrada  Isticmaalka carrada  Lakabyada carrada
 Ilaalinta carrada  huyuumas
9. Cabbiraadda iyo  Dherer, ammin iyo xawaare
halbeegyada  Xisaabinta dhererka,
amminta iyo xawaaraha
10. Ilays -  Ilaha ilayska  Sameysanka hooska  Astaamaha ilayska
 adeegsiga ilayska iyo midabadiisa (harka)
caadiga ah  Adeegsiga  Muhiimadda ileyska
muraayadaha qorraxda
11. Jabaq  Ilaha jabaqd  Dhererka jabaqda  Sida jabaqdu u socoto

 Sameysanka jabaqda  Jabaq dheer iyo
jabaq gaaban  Isticmaalka jabaqda
 Jabaq noqod
12. Tamar, Hawl iyo -  Ilo badan oo kul  Gudbinta kulka

Awood  Tamarta cuntada  Gudbiyeyaasha iyo ma-
laga helo gudbiyeyaasha kulka
13. Hawo  Jiritaanka hawada  Faa’iidada hawada  Jiritaanka hawada  Astaamaha hawada
 Saameynta dabeysho  Saameynta kulku ku
ku leedahay leeyahay hawada
deegaanka
14. Maatar - - -  Wajiyada iyo astaamaha
maatarka
 Isbeddelka maatarka
FASALKA KOOWAAD
1. WAXBARASHADA CAAFIMAADKA
1.1 QAYBAHA JIRKA
Natiijooyinka Barashada
Bartayaashu waxay awood u yeelan doonaan in ay:

 Tilmaamaan qaybaha jirkooda
 Sheegaan shaqooyinka qaybaha jirkooda
 Daryeelaan qaybaha jirkooda
Waxqabadyada Baridda iyo Barashada lagu Taliyey
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha

magacaabeen qaybaha jirkooda sida indhaha, dhegaha, sanka, afka,
madaxa, timaha, gacanta, lugta, cagta, ruugga, iyo canqawga
 Iyadoo adeegsanaya kaar walacsiinta , bartayaashu ha isku aaddiyeen
magacyada qaybaha jirka iyo sawirkooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha qeexeen
shaqaqooyinka qayaba jirkooda
Hababka Qiimaynta lagu Taliyey
 Soo bandhigid
 Layli
 Indha-indhaynta baraha
1
1.2 MUHIIMADDA NADIIFINTA JIRKA

 Sheegaan hababka loo nadiifiyo qaybaha jirka
 Soo bandhigaan sida loo cadaydo
 Tijaabiyaan/jilaan sida gacmaha loogu nadiifiyo saabbuun cuntada ka
hor iyo suuliga ka dib
 Ku nadiifiyaan sankooda maro ama fastaleeti nadiif ah
 Mahadiyaan kuna farxaan nadiifinta jirkooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha qeexaan

siyaabaha loo nadiifiyo jirkooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaasha ha soo bandhigaan
ruwaayad ay ku jilaayaan sida loo nadiifiyo jirkooda iyo joogtayta
nadaafadooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka jilidda, bartayaashu ha isticmaalaan
shaxanno iyo fiidiyow si ay u muujiyaan sida loo nadiifiyo jirka
 Soo bandhigid
 Su’aal iyo Jawaab
2
2. NOOLE IYO MA-NOOLE
2.1 ABLA-ABLAYNTA NOOLAHA IYO MA-NOOLAHA

 Kala soocaan noolaha iyo ma-noolaha
 Isticmaalaan jaantusyo si ay u kala saaraan noolaha iyo ma-noolaha
 Tixgaliyaan isla markaana daryeelaan noolaha iyo ma-noolaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha booqdaan

agagaarka guriga iyo dugsiga si ay u sameeyaan baritaan iyo magacaabid
ugu yaraan 4 nooc oo noole iyo ma-noole ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, baratayaashu ha so
bandhigaan sawirada noolaha iyo ma-noolaha agagaarka dugsiga iyo
guriga
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaasha ha kala sooceen
noolaha iyo ma-noolaha iyagoo isticmaalaya qoraan hubiye
 Soo bandhigid
 Su’aal iyo jawaab
 Xog-baaris
 Jadwalka booqashada
3
2.2. NOOLAHA IYO MA-NOOLAHA INAGU XEERAN

 Tilmaamaan isla markaana taxaan noolaha iyo ma-noolaha inagu xeeran
 Muujiyaan kala duwanaanshaha noolaha iyo ma-noolaha inagu xeeran
 Ogaadaan waxtarka noolaha iyo ma-noolaha inagu xeeran
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha sawiraan

qaar ka mid ah noolaha iyo ma-noolaha inagu xeeran
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha soo
bandhigaan shaxanno iyo fiidiyowyo si ay u muujiyaan kala
duwanaanshaha noolaha iyo ma-noolaha inagu xeeran
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha isku aaddiyeen
magacyada iyo sawirrada qaybo ka mid ah noolaha iyo ma-noolaha
inagu xeeran
 Soo bandhigid
4
3. XAYAWAANKA IYO DHIRTA
3.1 XAYAWAANADA DABJOOGTA IYO DUURJOOGTA

 U kala soocaan xayawaanada dabjoog iyo duurjoog
 Sheegaan waxtarka xayawaanada dabjoogta ah
 Ogoadaan waxtarka xayawaanada dabjoogta ah
 Tilmaamaan waxyeelada xawayaanada duurjoogta ah
 Ka war qabaan dhibaatooyinka xayawaanada duurjoogta ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha taxaan

xayawaanada la yaqaan iyagoo isticmaalaayo sawirro baruhu keenay
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ka doodaan
faa’iidooyinka xayawaanda dabjoogta ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartaayaashu ha ku muujiyaan
shax khatart ay leeyihiin xayawaanda duurjoogta ah
 Soo bandhigid
 Qoraal doodeed kooban
5
3.2. MAGACYADA IYO ISTICMAALKA DHIRTA INAGU
XEERAN

 Tilmaamaan kala duwanaashaha noocyada dhirta isla markaana taxaan
dhirta la yaqaan
 Bartaan qaybo ka mid ah isticmaalka dhirta inagu xeeran
 Ogaadaan in dadku dhirta u isticmaalaan siyaabo kala duwan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha sameeyaan

booqasho si ay u soo aruuriyaan dhir kala duwan kadibna ay warbixin
ay ugu soo qoraan jadwalka booqashada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha ka baaraan
agagaarka guriga iyo dugsiga noocyada dhirta ay dadku cunto ahaan u
isticmaalaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha ka
doodaan faa’iidooyinka dhirta inagu xeeran
 Jadwalka booqashada
 Soo bandhigid
6
4. CUNTO
4.1 MAGACYADA CUNTOOYINKA CAANKA AH

 Ka doodaan cuntooyinka la yaqaan ee laga helo guriga
 Kala soocaan sawirrada cuntooyinka guriga laga helo
 Muujiyaan taxadar markay sawiraayaan cunto kala duwan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha ka doodaan

noocyada cuntada laga helo guriga
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ku sawiraan
shaxano noocyada cuntada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha tilmaamaan
cuntada ay jecel yihiin
 Soo bandhigid
7
4.2. AQOOLAHA

 Isbarbar dhigaan cuntada aqoolaha la cuna
 Sheegaan waxa ku dhacaya haddii dadku waayaan cunto wakhti dheer
 Ku kala saaraan cuntooyinka midabkooda iyo dhadhankooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha kala soocaan

cuntooyinka saddexda wakhti la cuno iyagoo is weydiinaya
khibradoodana kala faa’iidaysanaya
midabada cuntada barahu keenay
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka doodda, bartayaashu ha keenaan cuntooyin
kala duwan si ay u tilmaamaan kuwa la kariyo iyo kuwa aan la karin

 Xog-baaris
8
5. BIYO
5.1 ILAHA BIYAHA

 Taxaan ilaha biyaha deegaanka inagu xeeran
 Isbarbar dhigaan biyaha macaan iyo kuwa kharaar
 Ilaaliyaan nadaafadda ilaha biyaha
 Mahadiyaan in biyihu ay nolol yihiin
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka boogasho aqooneed, bartayaashu wa ina ay
u lugeeyaan agagaarka dugsiga si ay u raadiyaan ilaha biyaha laga helo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha sawiraan ilaha
biyaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha kala saareen
biyaha macaan iyo kuwa kharaar iyagoo ku tijaabinaya saabbuun
 Kedis
 Soo bandhigid
 Sawirid
9
5.2. ISTICMAALKA BIYAHA

 Sheegaan sida looga isticmaalo biyaha guriga iyo dugsiga
 Qeexaan sida biyaha loogu isticmaalo waraabinta xoolaha iyo beeraha
inagu xeeran
 Ogaadaan waxtarka biyahu ay u leeyihiin dhirta iyo xayawaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha kala

saaraan sida loo siticmaalo biyaha
bandhigaan sida biyaha loogu isticmaalo waraabinta xoolaha iyo
beeraha degaankooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha soo aruuriyaan
warbixinno ku saabsan isticmaalka biyha ee deegaankooda
 Xog-baaris
 Soo bandhigid
10
6. HAWO
6.1 JIRITAANKA HAWADA

 Ku Soo bandhigaan meel ku haboon ( aan khatar lahyn) sida hawada u
sahasho gubashada
 Sharraxaan in hawadu qalajiso dharka la dhaqay
 Garowsadaan jiritaanka hawada iyagoo ku caddaynaya buufinno iyo
kubado, iwm
 Iyagoo adeegsanay shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha keenaan buufinno

iyo kubado si ay u muujiyaan jiritaanka hawada
bandhigaan in ay hawadu sahasho gubitaanka iyagoo adeegsanaya
walxo aan khatar lahayn
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka jilitaanka, bartayaashu ha indha-indheeyaan
in hawadu qalajiso dharka qoyan
 Soo bandhigid
 Weydiimo afka ah
11
FASALKA LABAAD
1.1 XUBNAHA DAREENKA

 Magacaabaan xubnaha dareenka jirka dadka
 Tilmaamaan meelaha ay ku yaalliin shanta xubnood ee dareenku
 Dhawraan oo ilaaliyaan xubnaha dareenka jirka dadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha muujiyeen

xubnahooda dareenka iyagoo farahooda ku tilmaamaya
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya kaar walacsiinta, bartayaashu ha isla doonteen
magacayada xubnaha dareenka iyo sawiradooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ku sawireen
warqaad weyn qaar ka mid ah xubnaha dareenka
 Xog-baaris
 Soo bandhigid
12
1.2 SHAQADA XUBNAHA DAREENKA

 Tilmaamaan shaqada xubnaha dareenka
 Indha-indheeyaan sida loo adeegsado xubnaha dareenka
 Maskaxda geliyaan muhiimadda xubnaha dareenka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha daraaseeyeen

shaqada xubnaha dareenka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen hana
soo bandhigeen muhiimadda xubnaha dareenka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha isla
doonteen xubnaha dareenka iyo sawiradooda
 Soo bandhigid
13
2. NOOLAHA IYO MA-NOOLAHA
2.1 ASTAAMAHA NOOLAHA IYO MA-NOOLAHA

 Tilmaamaan astaamaha noolaha iyo ma-noolaha
 Kala saaraan noolaha iyo ma-noolaha iyagoo ku saleynaya isu
ekaanshahooda iyo kala duwanaantooda
 Isu keenaan faa’iidada qaybo ka mid noolaha iyo ma-noolaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha u kala saareen

noolaha iyo ma-noolaha iyagoo adeegsanaya sawirro
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha isu barbar dhigeen
astaamaha noolaha iyo ma-noolaha iyagoo adeegsanaya shax
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha wadaageen
fikarkooda ah faa’iidada iyo dhibaatada noolaha iyo ma-noolaha

 Soo bandhigid
14
2.2 KHATARTA NOOLAHA IYO MA-NOOLAHA

 Sheegaan khatarta noolaha iyo ma-noolaha
 Ku wargeliyaan dadka siday uga dheeraan lahaayeen waxyaabaha
khatarta ah
 Ku baraarugsanaadaan astaamaha khatarta (sunta, walxaha gubta,
calaamadaha jidadka, iwm)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen

khatarta noolaha iyo ma-noolaha
bandhigeen sida looga fogaado waxyaabaha khatarta ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka jilidda, bartayaashu ha ku muujiyeen
jaantusyada ama shaxda astaamaha khatarta

 Soo bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
15
3. XAYAWAANKA IYO DHIRTA
3.1 DEEGAANKA XAYAWAANKA

 U kala saaraan qaar ka mida xayawaanka sida ay u kala deggan yihiin
 Isbarbar dhigaan xayawaanada ku nool biyaha iyo kuwa ku nool berriga
 Talo ka bixiyaan xuquuqda xayawaanka deegaankooda

bandhigeen sawirro badan oo ah xayawaanka ku nool biyaha iyo berriga
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha u kala saareen
xayawaanka khatarta ah iyo midka aan dhibta lahayn
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha u
wargeliyaan dadka sida loo dhowro xuquuqda xayawaanka
 Soo bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
16
3.2 QAYBAHA GEEDKA

 Magacaabaan qaybaha geedka
 Sawiraan geed kuna muujiyaan qaybihiisa waaweyn
 Daneeyaan sawirrada qaybaha geedka

bandhigeen jaantuska geed hana ku asteeyeen qaybihiisa
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha indha-indheeyaan
qaybaha kala duwan ee geedka deegaankooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen
muhiimadda dhirta
 Xog-baaris
 Soo bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
17
4. CUNTO
4.1 NOOCYADA CUNTADA

 Sheegaan cuntooyinka caanka ah
 Sharraxaan waxtarka cuntooyinku u leeyihiin jirka
 Ka doodaan khatarta cuntooyinka xumaada
 Jeclaadaan inay ogaadaan qiimaha cuntadu dadka u leedahay
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha taxeen noocayada

cuntada ay badanaa ku isticmaalaan guriga
 Iyagoo habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha lafagureen khatarta
cuntooyinka xumaada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka jilidda, bartayaashu ha u gudbiyeen dadka
farriimo ay curiyeen oo ku saabsan muhiimadda cuntadu u leedahay
koritaanka
1. Soo bandhigid
2. Jilid
3. Indha-indhaynta baraha
4. Isqiimeyn
18
4.2 ISTICMAALKA CUNTADA

 Caddeeyaan noocyada kala duwan ee isticmaalka cuntada
 Ka doodaan muhiimadda ay cuntadu u leedahay noolaha
 Fahmaan in cuntadu lagama maarmaan u tahay nolosha dadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha sharraxeen

sababta aan cuntada u isticmaalno
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha u kala saareen
cuntada sidan:
 Cuntada aan ceeriinka ku cunno
 Cuntada aan marmar karinno
 Cuntada aan mar walba karinno
muhiimadda ay cuntadu u leedahay noolaha iyagoo adeegsanaya shaxo
 Soo bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
19
5. BIYO
5.1 BIYO DHAAMIN

 Sheegaan dariiqooyinka kala duwan ee biyaha loo dhaamiyo
 Faahfaahin ka bixiyaan noocyada qalabka loo isticmaalo biyo dhaaminta
 Tilmaamaan muhiimadda ay leedahay dhaaminta biyuhu
 Mahadiyaan dariiqooyinka kala duwan ee biyo dhaaminta
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha baaraan ugu

yaraan saddex dariiqo oo biyo dhaamis ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha soo saareen
dariiqooyin kale oo biyaha loo dhaamiyo oo ay waayo-aragnimo u
leeyihiin
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha kooxeeyeen
dariiqooyinka biyo dhaaminta
 Soo bandhigid
 Shaqo-kooxeed
20
5.2 NADIIFINTA BIYAHA
 Sharraxaan sida biyaha loo nadiifiyo
 Tilmaamaan dariiqooyinka biyaha guriga loo nadiifiyo
 Ka doodaan muhiimadda biyaha nadiifka ahi u leeyihiin dadka
 Ku qancaan isticmaalka biyaha nadiifka

saameynta biyaha aan nadiifka ahayni ay leeyihiin
dariiqooyinka kala duwan ee biyo nadiifinta
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu hawl-qabad
ahaan ha u muujiyeen sida biyaha loo nadiifiyo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka jilidda, bartayaashu ha tilmaameen
muhiimadda biyaha nadiifka ahi u leeyihiin dadka
 Soo bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
21
6. CARRO
6.1 NOOCYADA CARRADA

 Magacaabaan noocyada carrada
 Sharraxaan sida biyuhu uga gudbaan noocyada carrada
 U kala soocaan carrada midabbo
 Fahmaan noocyada kala duwan ee carrada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha isbarbar dhigeen

awoodda biyo-qabatin ee carrooyinka kala duwan (tusaale: in bataaxu
ay ka biyo-qabatin yar tahay dhoobada)
tusaalena ha ka bixiyeen magacyada carrada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha sameeyeen
tijaabooyin ay ku caddeynayaan sida carrooyinka kala duwani u
saameeyaan koritaanka dhirta
noocyada carrada iyagoo adeegsanaya qoraal hubiye
 Tijaabooyin
 Soo bandhigid
 Buuxinta qoraal hubiye
22
7. ILAYS
7.1 ILAHA ILAYSKA
 Soo saaraan ilaha kala duwan ee ilayska
 Indha-indheeyaan tilmaamaanna astaamaha ilayska
 Caddeeyaan muhiimadda ilaysku u leeyahay nolosha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha soo saareen

dhawr ilo ilays oo deegaankooda ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen waxa
dhici lahaa haddii aan guryohooda ilays ka jirin
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka ciyaarta, bartayaashu ha ku muujiyeen
astaamaha ilayska
 Soo bandhigid
 Ciyaaro
23
7.2 ADEEGSIGA ILAYSKA IYO MIDABADIISA
 Sheegaan isticmaalka ilayska
 Indha-indheeyaan tilmaamaanna midabada kala duwan ee ilayska
 Ogolaadaan in ilaysku yahay isha tamarta
Waxqabadyada Baridda iyo Barashada lagu Taliyey taliyey

isticmaalka ilayska
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha indha-
indheeyeen hana kala saareen midabada kala duwan ee ilayska iyagoo
adeegsanaya birisam ama qaanso-roobaad daawanaya
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka doodda, bartayaashu ha taxeen magacyada
midabada kala duwan ee ilayska
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawiridda, bartayaashu ha muujiyeen
faa’iidada ilaysku u leeyahay noolaha
 Soo bandhigid
 Nuxur sawirid
24
8. JABAQ
8.1 ILAHA JABAQDA

 Tilmaamaan ilaha kala duwan ee jabaqda
 Indha-indheeyaan oo tilmaamaan astaamaha jabaqda
 Tusaale ka bixiyaan ilaha kala duwan ee jabaqda
 Ku istareexaan jabaqyada kala duwan ee degaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha jileen codadka

xayawaannada, qalabka iyo mashinada kala duwan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan-ka-qabadka, bartayaashu ha
muujiyeen walxaha kala duwan ee codadka kala duwan sameeya
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka ciyaarta, bartayaashu ha mataleen codad
kala duwan
 Soo bandhigid
 Kedis
 Cayaaro
25
8.2 SAMEYSANKA JABAQDA

 Baaraan siyaabo kala duwan oo jabaqda loo sameeyo
 Adeegsadaan walxo kala duwan si jabaq loo abuuro
 Ka helaan sameynta codad kala duwan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu si wax qabad ah, ha u

muujiyeen codad kala duwan iyagoo adeegsanaya walxo kala duwan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka ciyaarta, bartayaashu ha u sahamiyeen
siyaabo kala duwan oo codka loo sameeyo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta , bartayaashu ha ka bixiyeen
tusaaleyaal walxaha codka sameyn kara

 Gacan-ka-qabad
 Soo bandhigid
26
9. HAWO
9.1 WAXTARKA HAWADA

 Soo saaraan faa’iidooyinka hawada
 Sharraxaan muhiimadda hawadu u leedahay noolaha
 U gudbiyaan muhiimadda hawada nadiifta ah dadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta , bartayaashu ha uga

doodeen faa’iidada hawadu u leedahay noolaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha soo saareen qaar
ka mid ah adeegsiga hawada xagga guriga
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha muujiyeen sida
hawadu u caawisay xilli nololeedkoodii
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka doodda, bartayaashu ha sheegaan
muhiimadda hawada nadiifka ahi u leedahay dadka
 Soo bandhigid
27
FASALKA SADDEXAAD
1.1 JIMICSIGA

 Sharraxaan micnaha jimicsiga jirka
 Ka doodaan waxtarka jimicsiga jirka
 Dabbakhaan in ay sameeyaan jimicsiyo kala duwan
 Dhowraan xeerarka iyo habraacidda jimicsiga xilliga jimicsigu socdo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha sharraxaan

micnaha samaynta jimicsiga
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha ka doodaan
waxtarka jimicsigu leeyahay
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha tijaabiyaan
jimicsiga jirka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta , bartayaashu ha soo
bandhigaan hoggaaminta jimicsiga (tusaale in ay hogaamiyaan kooxo yar
yar oo qalabaysan)
 Tijaabo
 Soo bandhigid
 Indha-indhayta baraha
28
1.2 WAXTARKA HURDADA

 Qeexaan micnaha hurdada
 Ka doodaan faa’iidooyinka hurdadu u leedahay cafimaadka
 Ku dabbakhaan noloshooda sida loo maamulo wakhtiga hurdada
 U sheegaan dadka in hurdadu firfricoon galiso akhriska

waxtarka hurdadu u leedahay noloshooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ku soo bandhigaan
shax sida loo qorsheeyo xilliyada hurdada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha lafaguraan
saamaynta ay hurdadu ku leedahay noloshooda
 Soo bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
29
2. NOOLAHA
2.1 XAYAWAANKA

 Sheegaan noocyada xayawaanada
 Kala soocaan xayawaanada laf-dhabarlayda ah iyo kuwa laf-dhabar la’da
ah
 Qeexaan astaamaha xayawaanada
 Xaqiijiyaan in dadku yahay xayawaan laf-dhabar leh

noocyada xayawaanada iyagoo adeegsanaaya sawirro
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha taxaan
xayawaanada iyagoo tixgalinaya astaamahooda duleed
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya hab dood kooxeed, bartayaashu ha u kala soocaan
xayawaanda kuwa laf-dharbarka leh iyo kuwa aan lahayn iyagoo
adeegsanaya qoraal-hubiyaha

 Xog-baaris
 Soo bandhigid
30
2.2 DHIRTA

 Tilmaamaan noocyada dhirta
 Qeexaan astaamaha dhirta
 Xaqiijiyaan in dhirtu samaysato cuntadooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ku sameeyaan

booqasho meelaha laga helo dhirta si ay u indha-indheeyaan kadibna ay
u magacaabaan dhirta ay garanayaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaned, bartayaashu ha soo bandhigaan
dhirta deegaankooda si ay u muujiyaan kala duwanaashahooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka doodda, bartayaashu ha ka doodaan in
dhirtu ay samaysato cuntadooda
 Xog-baaris
 Soo bandhigid
31
2.3 XAYAWAANKA IYO DHIRTA

 Sheegaan waxay ku kala duwan yihiin iyo waxay isku mid ka yihiin
xayawaanada iyo dhirta inagu xeeran
 Soo saaraan oo taxaan waxay ku kala duwan yihiin dhirta iyo
xayawaanda inagu xeeran
 Ku farxaan indha-indhayta xawayaanad iyo dhirta inagu xeeran

booqasho ay ku tagaayaan meelaha ay ku nool yihiin xayawaanada iyo
dhirta si ay isku bar-bar dhigaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha ku habeeyaan
sawirro dhirta iyo xayawaanda iyagoo adeegsanaya kaararka
midabaysan
 Soo bandhigid
32
3. CUNTO
3.1 CUNTOOYINKA LAGA HELO XAYAWAANADA

 Tilmaamaan ilaha kala duwan ee laga helo cuntada xayawaanka
 Magacaabaan noocyada cuntada laga helo xayawaanada
 Xiiseeyaan mahadiyaanna cuntada darayga ah (cusub, aan khaayisin)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ka doodaan kala

duwanaashaha noocyada cuntada laga helo xayawaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha baaraan ilaha
laga helo cuntooyinka xayawaanka
isweydiiyaan noocyada cuntada ay jecel yihiin ama xiiseeyaan
 Soo bandhigid
33
3.2 CUNTOOYINKA LAGA HELO DHIRTA

 Qeexaan cuntada laga helo dhirta
 Sheegaan waxtarka cuntada laga helo dhirta
 Soojeediyaan faa’iidooyinka cuntada laga helo dhirtu ay u leedahay
nolosha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha ku soo

bandhigaan shaxan noocyada cuntada laga helo dhirta
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha kooxeeyeen
cuntada laga helo dhirta iyagoo adeegsanaya qoraal-hubiye
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha soo koobeen talada
lataliye caafimaad si ay u soo bandhigaan waxtarka qudaarta
 Soo bandhigid
 Qoraal-hubiye
 Qoraal koobid
34
4. BIYO
4.1 KAYDINTA BIYAHA

 Tilmaamaan siyaabaha loo kaydiyo biyaha
 Sharraxaan sababaha biyaha loo kaydsado
 Ka warhayaan muhiimada biyaha xilliyada abaartu jirto

siyaabaha looga kaydsado biyaha deegaankooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha qiimeeyaan
sida biyaha looga kaydiyo deegaankooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka jilitaanka, bartayaashu ha soo bandhigaan
sida loo kaydiyo biyaha roobka si loo isticmaalo xilliyada abaartu jirto
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha diiwaan geliyeen
isticmaalkooda biyaha islamarkaana ha tilmaamaan sida loo yarayn karo
isticmaalka biyaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawiridda, bartyaashu ha soo
bandhigaan hababka loo kaydiyo biyaha
 Soo bandhigid
 Nuxur sawirid
35
4.2 MUQUURIDDA IYO SABBEYNTA

 Kala soocaan walxaha sabbeeya iyo kuwa muquurta ( sida maraakiibta,
alwaaxa, irbadda, iwm)
 Ka doodaan waxa sababa walxuhu in ay sabbeeyaan ama muquurtaan
 Hoosta ka xariiqaan muhiimadda sabbeynta iyo muquurashadu u
leeyihiin nolosha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha baaraan walxo

kala duwan iyagoo ku ridaaya biyo si ay u soo saaraan walaxda degta
ama sabbaysa
hana sheegaan kala duwanaashaha u dhexaysa walaxda culus iyo tan
fudud iyagoo keenaaya tusaalooyin
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka tijaabada, bartayaashu ha sharraxaan
sabbaynta iyo muquurutaanak sida cufnaantoodu tahay
 Soo bandhigid
 Gacan ka-qabadyo
 Xog-baaris
36
4.3 WALXAHA MILMA IYO KUWA AAN MILMIN

 Qeexaan walxaha milma iyo kuwa aan milmin
 Kala soocaan walxaha milma iyo kuwa aan milmin
 Aqoonsadaan in milanadu ka yimaadeen adke milmay
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha aruuriyaan walxo

kala duwan kadibna ha ku daraan biyo si ay u ogaadaan walaxda
milantay iyo taan milmin
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha soo
bandhigaan tusaalooyin walxaha milma iyo kuwa aan milmin
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan ka qabbadyada, bartayaashu ha ku
daraan adke milma biyo si ay u arkaan milan samaysmaya
 Gacan ka qabadyo
 Soo bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
37
5. CARRO
5.1 ISTICMAALKA CARRADA

 Sheegaan isticmaalada kala duwan ee carrada
 Sharraxaan muhiimadda loo isticmaalo carrada
 Isku xiraan faa’iidooyinka carrada iyo nolosha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha taxaan

isticmaalada kala duwan ee carrada iyagoo adeegsanaya qoraal-hubiye
 Iyagoo habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha magacaabeen hana ka
doodeen noocyada carrada loo isticmaalo sida dhismaha guriga,
samayta aashuunada, beeridda dhirta, iwm
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha wadaagaan
fikirkooda sida looga samayn karo carrada walxo kala duwan
 Xog-baaris
 Soo bandhigid
38
5.2 ILAALINTA CARRADA

 Micneeyaan ilaalinta carrada
 Sheegaan saamaynta biyaha iyo dabayshu ku leeyihiin carrada
 Qeexaan habab ku habboon oo lagu dabbakho sida loo ilaaliyo carro
guurka
 Ku dhiirigeliyaan dadweynaha si loo ilaaliyo carrada deegaankooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha qorsheeyaan hana

ka qayb-galaan booqasho kooban ay ku tagaan meelaha carro guurku ku
dhacay si ay warbixin uga soo qoraan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ka doodaan sida
loo ilaaliyo carro guurka ee deegaankooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha ku
dabbakhaan aqoontooda sida loo ilaaliyo carrada deegaankooda
 Soo bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
39
6. ILAYS
6.1 SAMAYSANKA HOOSKA

 Sharraxaan samaysanka hooska
 Sheegaan waxa sababa hooska
 Ku dhiiradaan hoos sawir ka sameynta xayawaano kala duwan iyagoo
isticmaalaaya farahooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha sheegaan

micna samaynta hooska
bandhigaan tijaabooyin sida loo sameeyo hooska iyagoo adeegsanaya
farahooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeeed, bartayaashu ha ka abuuraan
sawirro xayawaan hoosas kala duwan iyagoo isticmaalaaya toosh iyo
farahooda

 Soo bandhigid
40
6.2 ADEEGSIGA MURAAYADAHA

 Tilmaamaan waxa loo adeegsado muraayadaha
 Ka doodaan isctimaalka muraayadaha
 Aqoonsadaan in muraayado samayso ilays noqod

isticmaalka muraayada
adeegsiga muraayadaha iyagoo iscticmaalaaya qoraal-hubiye
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka tijaabada, bartayaashu ha ku tijaabiyaan
muraayad sida qoraxdu uga samayso ilays noqod fasalka dhexdiisa
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha u isticmaalaan
muraayadda in ay ku hubiyaan wajigooga xilliga ay dusiga soo aadayaan

 Soo bandhigid
 Qoraal-hubiye buuxin
41
7. JABAQ
7.1 DHERERKA JABAQDA

 Macneeyaan Dhererka jabaqda
 Baaraan jabaqda ay walxo kala duwan sameeyaan masaafooyin kala
duwan
 Xiiseeyaan dhagaysiga suuradaha quraan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha sheegaan

micnaha dhererka jabaqda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha baaraan jabaqyo
kala duwan iyagoo istaagaaya masaafo kala duwan ( tusale: jabaqda
saacadda, raadiyaha, foorida, iwm)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu farta ha saaraan
dhuuntooda si ay u dareemaan halka jabaqdu ka soo baxayso markay
hadlaayaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka jilidda, bartayaashu kor ha u qaadeen
dareenkooda markay dhagaysanayaan quraanka kariimka ah
 Soo bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
42
7.2 JABAQ DHEER IYO JABAQ GAABAN

 Qeexaan jabaqda dheer iyo tan gaaban
 U kala soocaan jabaqda mid dheer iyo mid gaaban
 Matalaan jabaqyo kala duwan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha soo bandhigaan

codad kala duwan iyagoo garaacaya walxo kala duwan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha jilaan iyagoo
samaynaaya jabaq dheer iyo mid gaaban iyagoo adeegsanaaya
codkooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan ka qabadka, bartayaashu ha
dhegaystaan hana ka doodaan gaabinta iyo dheeraynta codka raadiyaha,
TV, iwm
 Soo bandhigid
 Gacan ka-qabadyo
43
8. TAMAR, HAWL IYO AWOOD
8.1 ILAHA KULKA

 Tilmaamaan ilaha kulka
 Sharraxaan saamaynta kulka ee walxaha
 Indha indheeyaan isla markaana qeexaan saamaynta kulku uu ku
leeyahay xubnaha dareemayaasha
 Aqoonsadaan in qorraxdu ay tahay isha kulka iyo ilayska
magacyada ilaha kulka deegaanka inagu xeeran
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan ka-qabadka, bartayaashu ha indha-
indheeyaan saamaynta kulku uu ku leeyahay walxahaan:
- Alwaaxa
- dhuxusha
- waraaqda
- shamaca
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka dood kooxeedka, bartayaashu ha soo
bandhigaan sawirro muujinaya ilaha kulka
 Soo bandhigid
 Tijaabo
44
8.2 TAMARTA CUNTADA

 Sharraxaan sababaha aynnu u cunno cuntada
 Tilmaamaan cuntooyinka aannu ka helno tamarta
 Soo jeediyaan cuntooyinka tamarta fiican laga helo ee deegaankooda

sababaha aynnu u cunno cuntada
magacyada cuntooyinka la yaqaan ee laga helo tamarta iyagoo
adeegsanaya qoraal-hubiye
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawiridda, bartayaashu ha
aqoonsadaan cuntada laga helo tamarta iyo in cuntada ay u fiican tahay
koritaanka iyo horumarka jirka
 Soo bandhigid
 Qoraal-hubiye buuxin
 Nuxur sawirid
45
9. HAWO
9.1 JIRITAANKA HAWADA

 Ka doodaan ilaha hawada
 Sharraxaan jiritaanka hawada meel kasta
 Ogaadaan in hawada aan u isticmaalo neefsashada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha baaraan in hawada

laga heli karo meel kasta oo maran
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha lafa-guraan sida
hawada loo neefsado
in hawadu dhaqaajin karto walxaha
 Soo bandhigid
46
9.2 SAAMAYNTA DABAYSHU KU LEEDAHAY
DEEGAANKA

 Qeexaan dabaysha
 Tilmaamaan saamaynta dabayshu ay ku leedahay deegaanka
 Ku wacyigaliyaan dadka saamaynta dabayshu leedahay

sawirro si ay u muujiyaan saamaynta dabayshu u leedahay deegaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha lafa-guraan
siyaabaha looga hortagi karo saamaynta dabaysha ee deegaanka
sida hawada aannu u neefsano
 Soo bandhigid
47
FASALKA AFRAAD
1.1 NADAADAFADDA DEEGAANKA DUGSIGA

 Sheegaan muhiimadda ku jirta nadiifinta deegaanka dugsiga
 Sharraxaan sababaha loo nadiifiyo deegaanka dugsiga
 Ogaadaan qalabka loo isticmaalo nadiifinta deegaanka dugsiga
 Ku dhiiradaan nadiifinta deegaanka dugsiga
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha uga

doodeen muhiimadda nadiifinta deegaanka dugsiga
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha sharraxeen
sababaha loo nadiifiyo deegaanka dugsiga
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan-ka-qabadda, bartayaashu ha u
adeegsadeen qalabka si ay ugu nadiifiyaan deegaanka dugsiga
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka jilidda, bartayaashu ha u wargeliyeen dadka
si ay u nadiifiyaan deegaanka
 Soo bandhigid
 Gacan-ka-qabad
 Jilid
 Indha-indhayn bare
48
1.2 QASHIN ASTURID

 Sheegaan saamenyta qashinku deegaanka ku leeyahay
 Ka doodaan sida ugu fiican ee qashinka la iskaga asturo
 Qiimeeyaan qashin asturidda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha muujiyeen habab

wanaagsan oo qashinka la iska asturo
saameynta qashin asturiddu ku leedahay deegaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha abaabuleen
dadka si ay iska nadiifiyaan qashinka iyagoo adeegsanaya sawirro ama
sawir-looxyo
 Soo bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
49
2. XAYAWAANKA
2.1 LAFDHABARLEY IYO LAFDHABARLA’
2.1.1 XAYAWAANKA LAFDHABARTA LEH

 Qeexaan macnaha xayawaanka lafdhabarta leh
 Ka doodaan astaamaha guud ee muuqda ee xayawaanada lafdhabarta
leh
 Dareemaan muhiimadda xayawaanada lafdhabarta leh
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha qeexeen

macnaha xayawaan lafdhabar leh
indheeyeen hana tilmaameen astaamaha xayawaanka lafdhabarta leh
ee deegaankooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ku sawirraan
waraaqo labo xayawaan oo lafdhabarley ah oo laga helo deegaankooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha isla doonteen
sawirrada lafdhabarley iyo magacyadooda iyagoo adeegsanaya qaab
shaxaneed
 Soo bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
50
2.1.2 LAFDHABARLA’

 Qeexaan macnaha lafdhabarla’
 Sheegaan astaamaha xayawaanka lafdhabarla’da ee deegaankooda
 Magacaabaan qaybo ka mida lafdhabarla’da
 Ka taxadaraan masuulnimana u muujiyaan xayawaanka lafdhabarla’ da
ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha kala sooceen

xayawaanka lafdhabarleyda ah iyo kuwa lafdhabarla’da ah iyagoo
eegaya muuqaalkooda duleed
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha isla doonteen
lafdhabarla’da caadiga ah ee deegaanka magacyadooda iyagoo
adeegsanaya warqadaha sawirka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawiridda, bartayaashu ha ka
doodeen astaamaha lafdhabarla’da

 Soo bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Nuxur sawirid
51
3. DHIRTA
3.1 QAYBAHA GEEDKA
3.1.1 XIDIDKA

 Qeexaan wuxuu yahay xidid
 Aqoonsadaan shaqooyinka xididka
 Tilmaamaan noocyada kala duwan ee xididka
 Si fiican u gartaan in geedku uusan jiri karin xidid la’aan

wuxu yahay xidid
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha sharraxeen
shaqada xididku u qabto geedka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha sawirreen
xididdo kala duwan iyagoo isticmaalaya shaxan

 Soo bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Kedis
52
3.1.2 JIRRID

 Sharraxaan shaqooyinka muhiimka ah ee jirridda
 Muujiyaan meesha jirriddu geedka uga taal
 Dareemaan in jirriddu tahay meesha ilayska qorraxda u bandhigta
geedka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawiridda, bartayaashu ha sharraxeen

shaqada jirridda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha sawireen geed
hana ku muujiyeen jirriddiisa
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha indha-
indheeyeen hana kala sooceen jirridaha kala duwan ee deegaankooda
 Soo bandhigid
 Nuxur sawirid
53
3.1.3 CALEENTA

 Tilmaamaan noocyada caleemaha
 Sharraxaan shaqooyinka muhiimka ah ee caleenta
 Sawiraan qaabka caleenta
 Fahmaan in caleentu tahay meesha geedka cuntada u sameysa
indheeyeen hana tilmaameen noocyada caleenta ee deegaankooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka man-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen
shaqooyinka muhiimka ah ee caleenta
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha soo bandhigeen
qaabka sawirka caleenta
 Soo bandhigid
 Layli fasal
 Xog-baaris
54
4. CUNTO
4.1 ABLA-ABLAYTA CUNTADA

 U kala soocaan cuntada qaybaheeda waaweyn (borotiin, dux,
kaarboohaydareyt, iwm)
 Taxaan fiitamiinada ku jira cuntada xoolaha laga helo
 Isku xiraan nooca cuntada iyo muhiimadda ay u leedahay jirka
 Fahmaan muhiimadda cuntadu u leedahay noolaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha taxeen

noocyada kala duwan ee cuntada guryaha laga isticmaalo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha tilmaamaan
fiitamiinada cuntada ku jira
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha baaraan noocyada
cuntada iyo muhiimadda ay jirka u leedahay iyagoo adeegsanaya
muuqaalo iyo shaxo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawiridda, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen
muhiimadda cuntadu u leedahay noolaha
 Soo bandhigid
 Layli fasal
 Nuxur sawirid
55
4.2 CUNTADA ISU DHEELLITIRAN

 Qeexaan cunto isu dheellitiran
 Kala soocaan qaybaha cuntada isudheellitiran (borotiin,
kaarboohaydareyt, iwm)
 Fahmaan inay cuntadu tahay nooc ka mid tamarta, isticmaalida cunto
isu dheelitiran ay muhiim u tahay koritaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha ka

doodeen cuntada ay joogtada u cunaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha u kala sooceen
cuntada qaybaheeda waaweyn iyagoo magacyada sawirrada la
doonanaya
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha taxeen
aqoolaha cuntada iyagoo tusaalayaal bixinaya
 Soo bandhigid
 Su’aalo afka ah
56
5. BIYO
5.1 WAJIYADA BIYAHA

 Tilmaamaan wajiyada biyaha
 Sharraxaan farqiga u dhexeeya wajiyada biyaha (adke, hoor iyo neef)
 Ka doodaan sida biyuhu waji iskaga beddelaan oo waji kale isugu
beddelaan
 Mahadiyaan muhiimadda biyuhu uu leeyihiin dadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawiridda, baruhu ha u soo bandhigo

bartayaasha si gacan ka qabad ah saddexda waji ee biyaha
indheyeen hana taxeen farqiga u dhexeeya adkaha, hoorka iyo neefta
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha lafagureen in
wajiyada biyaha dib loogu celin karo xaaladdoodii hore
 Soo bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Nuxur sawirid
57
5.2 SIDA ROOBKU U SAMEYSMO

 Tilmaamaan sida roobku u sameysmo xilli roobaadka
 Sharraxaan waxa dhaca marka qorraxdu kululayso biyaha badda, wabiga
iyo biyahay kaloo dhulka
 Qiimeeyaan sameysanka daruuraha xilli roobaadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawiridda, bartayaashu ha ka doodaan

in qorraxdu sababto uumi baxa biyha badda iyo dhulka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha sawireen hana
sumadeeyaan wareega biyaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu si taxadar leh ha u
indha-indheeyeen cirka si ay u arkaan sameysanka daruurta
 Soo bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Nuxur sawirid
58
6. CARRO
6.1 LAKABYADA CARRADA

 Magacaabaan lakabyada carrada
 U kala soocaan lakabyada carradu sida ay u kala sarreeyaan
 Ka tala bixiyaan muhiimadda lakabyada carrada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen

lakabyada carrada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha sawireen isa
saarnaanta lakabyada carrada hana ku muujiyeen magacyadooda
bandhigeen shax muhiimadda lakabyada carrada
 Soo bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
59
6.2 HUYUUMAS

 Qeexaan macnaha huyuumas
 Ka doodaan muhiimadda yuhuumasku u leeyahay dhirta
 Muujiyaan danaynta sida uu u sameysmo huyuumasku
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha qeexeen macnaha

huyuumas hana indha-indheeyeen muunad huyuumas ah ee beerta
dugsiga
muhiimadda yuhuumasku dhirta u leeyahay
bandhigeen shax sida huyuumasku u sameysmo
 Indha-indheeyn bare
 Layli fasal
 Soo bandhigid
60
7. CABBIRAADA IYO HALBEEGYADA
7.1 CABBIRAADDA DHERERKA IYO AMMINTA

 Isticmaalaan cabbiraadda halbeeg-dhaqameedyada si ay u
tilmaamaan macnayaasha dherer iyo ammin
 Tilmaamaan in dhererka iyo ammintu yihiin xaddiyo sal ah
 Fahmaan muhiimadda dhererka iyo amminta
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha qiyaaseen

dhererada walxo kala duwan, dabadeedna ha cabbireen hana barbar
dhigeen waxay helaan qiyaasahoodii
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha qoreen halbeeg-
dhaqameedyada amminta lagu cabbiro hana barbar dhigeen kuwa
hadda la adeegsado
doodeen adeegsiga iyo muhiimadda dhererka iyo amminta
 Soo bandhigid
61
7.2 KA SHAQAYNTA DHERER, AMMIN IYO XAWAARE

 Soo saaraan gartaanna xiriirka ka dhexeeya fogaanta, amminta iyo
xawaaraha
 Xisaabiyaan fogaanta, amminta iyo xawaaraha iyagoo adeegsanaya
isle’egyo
 Xalliyaan masalooyin aasaasi ah ee ku saabsan nolosha dhabta ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta ay la socoto gacan ka

qabad, bartayaashu ha soo saareen hana ka doodeen xiriirka u
dhexeeya fogaanta, amminta iyo xawaaraha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha xisaabiyeen
fogaanta, amminta iyo xawaaraha iyagoo adeegsanaya isle’egtaan, s
= d/t
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed iyo shaqsiyeedba, bartayaashu
ha xalliyeen masalooyin aasaasi ah ee ku saabsan nolosha dhabta ah
 Soo bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
62
8. ILAYS
8.1 ASTAAMAHA ILAYSKA

 Ka doodaan in ilaysku ku safro dululaati maran
 Gartaan in ilaysku raaco xariiq toosan
 Fahmaan in ilaysku soo noqdo marka uu ku dhaco dul siman sida
muraayad ama dul bir ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen fikradda

ah in ilaysku ku safro dululaati maran (tusaale: ilayska fallaaraha
cadceedda, iwm)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha raadiyeen
fikradda ah in ilaysku ku safro xarriiqo toosan iyagoo adeegsanaya tijaabada
santuuq daloollo leh
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan ka-qabadka, bartayaashu ha raadiyeen
sida ilaysku u soo noqdo marka uu ku dhaco dul siman sida muraayad ama
dul bir ah
 Soo bandhigid
 Warbixin
 Xog-baaris
63
8.2 MUHIIMADDA ILAYSKA

 Ka doodaan inaysan nololi jirin ilays la’aanti
 Baaraan in ilaysku caawiyo koritaanka dhirta
 Ka talo bixiyaan muhiimadda ilaysku dhirta u leeyahay

doodeen noloshu sida ay noqon lahayd ilays la’aan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu tijaabo ahaan ha ku
soo saareen farqiga u dhexeeya dhirta ilayska hesha iyo taan helin
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawiridda, bartayaashu ha muujiyeen
muhiimadda ilaysku u leeyahay dhirta
 Soo bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
 Nuxur sawirid
64
9. JABAQ
9.1 SIDA JABAQDU U SOCOTO

 Sharraxaan in jabaqdu ku dhex socoto adkaha, hoorka iyo neefta
 U kala saaraan jabaq gudibeyeyaasha iyagoo u eegaya awoodahooda
gudbineed
 Si fiican u fahmaan in jabaqdu u baahdo jiho kasta
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen in

jabaqdu ku dhex socoto adkaha, hoorka iyo neefta
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha baareen hana ka
doodeen sida jabaqdu ugu socoto walxo (aan marnayn) kala duwan iyadoo
hal qof farta ku garaacayo miiska kuwa kalena ka dhegeysanayaan mar
xagga hawada marna iyagoo miiska dhegta saaraya (waxaa u soo bixi doonta
in jabaqda ku socota miiska ay ka dheerayso tan hawada ku socota)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu gacan ka qabad ahaan
ha u heleen in jabaqdu jiho kasta u baahdo
 Soo bandhigid
 Isqiimeyn
65
9.2 ISTICMAALKA JABAQDA

 Taxaan isticmaalada caadiga ah ee jabaqda
 Soo saaraan hal isticmaal oo jabaqda loo adeegsado xagga
caafimaadka
 Dareemaan oo gartaan in jabaqdu muhiim u tahay nolosha adduunka

hana taxeen adeegyada caamka ah ee jabaqda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha keeneen
hal isticmaal oo caam ah oo jabaqda caafimaad ahaan loo adeegsado
(sida: jabaqda-sare (aaltrasowndh))
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha taxeen ilaha
muhiimka ah ee jabada ee maalin walba la isticmaalo (sida:
raadiyaha, TV, iwm)
 Soo bandhigid
66
9.3 JABAQ NOQOD

 Baaraan sida jabaq noqodku u sameysanto
 Kala soocaan jabaq noqodyada kala duwan ee ay sameeyaan walxaha kala
duwani
 Fahmaan oo weeleeyaan in jabaq noqodku tahay jabaq soo noqotay
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha sameeyeen jabaq

iyagoo ku sacbinaya ama ku fooryaya gabi ama guri dheer dhiniciis
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha u kala saaraan jabaq
noqodyada kala duwan ee ay sameeyaan walxaha kala duwani (sida: foori,
sacabbin, fiidmeer, markab, iwm)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, baryatayaashu ha isdhaafsadeen
fikradohooda si ay u sharraxaan in jabaq noqodku yahay jabaq soo noqotay
 Soo bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
 Su’aal iyojawaab
67
10.1 GUDBINTA KULKA

 Ka doodaan gudbinta kulka
 Helaan walxaha kulka bixiya
 Dareemaan oo fahmaan inuu kulku yahay tamar
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan ka-qabyada, bartayaashu ha heleen in

kulku ka tago walaxda heerkulkeedo sarreeyo aadona walaxda
heerkulkeedu hooseeyo (tusaale:3 shay oo biyo kala heerkul duwani ku
jiraan, iwm)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha soo saareen
hana uga doodeen walxaha kulka bixiya
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu iyagoo fasalka
bannaankiisa hawl ku qabanaya ha dareemeen inuu yahay kulku tamar
(tusaale: kaalinta qorraxdu ku leedahay diirinta iyo kulaylinta, iwm)
 Soo bandhigid
 Gacan ka qabad
68
10.2 GUDBIYEYAASHA IYO MA-GUDBIYEYAASHA
KULKA

 Soo saaraan kana doodaan gudbiyeyaasha iyo ma-gudbiyeyaasha kulka
 Kala saaraan farqiga u dhexeeya gudbiyeyaasha iyo ma- gudbiyeyaasha
kulka
 Mahadiyaan muhiimadda gudbiyeyaasha iyo ma-gudbiyeyaasha

saareen gudbiyeyaasha iyo ma-gudbiyeyaasha kulka hana ka doodeen
natiijada
gudbiyeyaasha iyo ma-gudbiyeyaasha iyagoo adeegsanaya qoraal
hubiye
muhiimadda gudbiyeyaasha iyo ma-gudbiyeyaasha kulka
 Qaraal hubiye
 Soo bandhigid
69
11. HAWO
11.1 ASTAAMAHA HAWADA

 Sheegaan astaamaha hawada
 Qeexaan in hawadu leedahay culeys iyo caddaadis
 Sameeyaan tijaabo muujinaysa dhaqdhaqaaqa hawada
 Fahmaan in hawadu muhiim u tahay noolaha iyo ma-noolahaba

doodeen astaamaha hawada waxna ha ka qoreen hana isdhaafsadeen
fikradohooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha caddeeyeen in
dabeyshu wax dhaqaajiso (tusaale: dhaqdhaqaaqa caleenta)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha baareen in hawadu
culeys leedahay iyagoo isbarbar dhigaya buufin maran iyo mid hawo ka
buuxdo
 Soo bandhigid
70
11.2 SAAMEYNTA KULKU KU LEEYAHAY HAWADA

 Sharraxaan sida hawadu isula beddesho isbeddelka heerkulka
 Fahmaan sida hawadu u fiddo mar kasta oo heerkulku kordho
 Isbarbar dhigaan heerkulka hawada xilliyada kala duwan ee maalinta
 Dareemaan oo daneeyaan marka hawadu diirto in aan dareenno
diirimaad

bandhigeen sida hawadu isula beddesho isbeddelada heerkulka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha indha-indheeyeen
hana qiimeeyeen in hawadu fiddo mar kasta oo heerkulku kor u kaco
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha soo ururiyeen
walxo kala duwan si ay u tijaabiyaan saameynta uu kulku ku leeyahay
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha soo saareen
faa’iidada iyo faa’iido darrada saameynta heerkulka hawadu ku leeyahay
deegaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan ga-qabadka, bartayaashu ha qaateen
buufin hawo ka buuxdo hana dhex geliyeen biyo karaya dabadeedna ha
dhex geliyeen biyo qabow
 Soo bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Gacan-ka-qabad
71
12. MAATAR
12.1 WAJIYADA IYO ASTAAMAHA MAATARKA

 Qeexaan macnaha maatarka
 Tilmaamaan astaamaha maatarka
 Fuliyaan tijaabooyin tusinaya sida maatarku isaga beddelo waji oo mid
kale isugu beddelo
 Fahmaan in adduunku ka kooban yahay maatar
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan ka-qabadka, bartayaashu ha

daraaseeyeen hana u soo bandhigeen sida hoorku waji isaga beddelo oo
mid kale isugu beddelo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha taxeen astaamaha
maatarka hana soo bandhigeen fasalka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu sawir ahaan ha ku
muujiyeen saddexda waji ee maatarka
 Gacan ka-qabad
 Soo bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
72
12.2 ISBEDDELADA MAATARKA

 Sheegaan isbeddelka maatarka
 Tilmaamaan sida maatarku isaga beddelo waji oo mid kale isugu beddelo
 Tijaabiyaan oo indha-indheeyaan saameynta heerkulku ku leeyahay
maatarka
 Gartaan in wajiga maatarku isu bedelikaro waji kale
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha sameeyeen gacan

ka -qabad sida maatarku isu beddelo (tusaale: shamac ha gubeen oo ha
indha-indheeyeen. hamacu wuxuu iska beddelayaa adke oo noqonayaa
hoor marka uu kululaado, dabadeed adke ayuu dib ugu noqonayaa
marka uu qaboobo).
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha ku muujiyeen
shax isbeddelada wajiyada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maa-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen
saameynta heerkulada kala duwani ku leeyihiin maatarka
 Gacan ka qabad
 Soo bandhigid
73
TIXRAACAYADA LAGU TALIYEYY
Fasalka 1 Mawduuc Mawduuc hoosaad Tixraaca lagu taliyey
1- Waxbarashada  Qaybaha jirka Buugta soomaalida-
2- caafimaadka  Muhiimadda nadiifinta buuga1 (2011)
jirka Saynis 1, bogga1-15
3- Noolaha iyo  Abla-ablaynta noolaha Buugta soomaalida-
4- ma-noolaha iyo ma-noolaha buuga1 (2011)
 Noolaha iyo ma-noolaha Saynis 1 bogga16-28
dab-joogta ah
5- Xayawaan iyo  Dabjoog iyo duurjoog Buugta soomaalida-
dhir  Magacyada iyo buuga1 (2011)
isticmaalka dhirta caanka Saynis 1 bogga29-37
ah
6- Biyo  Ilaha biyaha Buugta soomaalida-
 Isticmaalka biyaha buuga1 (2011)
Saynis 1 bogga38-44
7- Cunto  Magacyada cuntada Buugta soomaalida-
caamka ah buuga1 (2011)
 Aqoolaha Saynis 1 bogga45-52
8- Hawo  Jiritaanka hawada Buugta soomaalida-
buuga1 (2011)
Saynis 1 bogga79 – 83
74
1- Waxbarashada  Xubnaha dareenka Buugta soomaalida-
caafimaadka  Shaqada xubnaha buuga2 (2011)
dareenka Saynis 2 bogga1-19
2- Noolaha iyo  Astaamaha noola iyo ma- Buugta soomaalida-
ma-noolaha noolaha buuga2 (2011)
 Waxtarka iyo khatarta Saynis 2 bogga20–40
noolaha iyo ma-noolaha
3- Xayawaan iyo  Degaanka xayawaanka Buugta soomaalida-
dhir  Qaybaha geedka buuga2 (2011)
Saynis 2 bogga42–50
4- Biyo  Dhaaminta biyaha Buugta soomaalida-
 Nadiifinta iyo faya-qabka buuga2 (2011)
biyaha Saynis 2 bogga 51–56
5- Cunto  Noocyada cuntada caamka Buugta soomaalida-
ah buuga2 (2011)
 Isticmaalka cuntada Saynis 2 bogga57–62
6- Carro  Noocyada carrada Buugta soomaalida-

 Muhiimadda carrada buuga2 (2011)
Saynis 2 bogga 63–76
7- Ilays  Ilaha ileyska Buugta soomaalida-
 Isticmaalka ileyska iyo buuga2 (2011)
midabadiisa Saynis 2 bogga76–86
8- Jabaq  Ilaha jabaqda Buugta soomaalida-

 Sameysanka jabaqda buuga2 (2011)
Saynis 2 bogga 97–104
75
1- Waxbarashada  Waxtarka jimicsiga Buugta soomaalida-
caafimaadka  Waxtarka hurdada buuga3 (2011)
Saynis 3 bogga1-10
2- Xayawaan iyo  xayawaanka Buugta soomaalida-
dhir  Dhirta buuga3 (2011)
 Kala duwanaanta iyo isu Saynis 3 bogga 11–38
ekaanta u dhexeysa
xayawaanka iyo dhirta
3- Biyo  Dhaqaalaynta biyaha Buugta soomaalida-
 Muquuridda iyo buuga3 (2011)
sabbeynta Saynis 3 bogga39–45
 Walxaha milma iyo kuwa
aan milmin
4- Cunto  Cuntada xayawaanka laga Buugta soomaalida-

helo buuga3 (2011)
 Cuntada dhirta laga helo Saynis 3 bogga 46–54
5- Carro  Isticmaalka carrada Buugta soomaalida-
 Ilaalinta carrada buuga3 (2011)
Saynis 3 bogga 55-61
6- Ilays  sameysanka hooska Buugta soomaalida-
(harka) buuga3 (2011)
 Isticmaalka muraayadaha Saynis 3 bogga62–68
7- Jabaq  Dhererka jabaqda Buugta soomaalida-
 Jabaq dheer iyo jabaq buuga3 (2011)
gaaban Saynis 3 bogga 69–74
8- Tamarta iyo  Ilo badan oo kul Buugta soomaalida-
shaqada  Tamarta cuntada laga buuga3 (2011)
helo Saynis 3 bogga 75–79
9- Hawo  Jiritaanka hawada Buugta soomaalida-
 Saameynta dabeysho ku buuga3 (2011)
leedahay deegaanka Saynis 3 bogga105–108
76
Fasalka 4 Mawduuc Sub-mawduuc Tixraaca lagu taliyey
1- Waxbarashada  Nadiifinta deegaanka Buugta soomaalida-buuga4 (2011)
caafimaadka dugsiga Saynis 4 bogga1–12
 Qashin asturidda
2- Xayawaan  Lafdhabarley iyo Buugta soomaalida-buuga4 (2011)
lafdhabarla’ Saynis 4 bogga 13-20
 Lafdhabarley
 Lafdhabarla’
3- Dhirta  Qaybaha dhirta Buugta soomaalida-buuga4 (2011)
 Xidid Saynis 4 bogga21-31
 Jirrid
 Caleen
4- Biyo  Wajiyada biyaha Buugta soomaalida-buuga4 (2011)
 Isbeddelada wajiyada Saynis 4 bogga 32–38
biyaha
 Sida rrobku u sameysmo
5- Cabbiraadda  Dherer, ammin iyo
iyo xawaare
halbeegyada  Xisaabinta dhererka,
amminta iyo xawaaraha
6- Cunto  Abla-ablaynta cuntada Buugta soomaalida-buuga4 (2011)
 Waxtarka cuntada isu Saynis 4 bogga39-46
dheellitiran
7- Carro  Lakabyada carrada Foundation science to gcse (1997)
 Bacrimiye
8- Ilays  Ileysku wuxuu ku socdaa Buugta soomaalida-buuga4 (2011)
xariiq toosan Saynis 4 bogga 47–48
 Muhiimadda ileyska
qorraxda
9- Jabaq  Jabaqdu waxay ku dhex Buugta soomaalida-buuga4 (2011)
socotaa meel aan marnayn Saynis 4 bogga49-55
 Isticmaalka jabaqda
 Jabaq noqod
10- Tamar, hawl iyo  Gudbinta kulka Buugta soomaalida-buuga4 (2011)
awood  Gudbiyeyaasha iyo ma- Saynis 4 bogga 56–64
gudbiyeyaasha kulka
11- Hawo  Astaamaha hawada Buugta soomaalida-buuga4 (2011)
 Saameynta kulku ku Saynis 4 bogga 65–69
leeyahay hawada
12- Maatar  Wajiyada iyo astaamaha
77 Buugta soomaalida-buuga4 (2011)
maatarka Saynis 4 bogga70–74
 Isbeddelka maatarka
MUQARARKA
SAYNISKA
FASALADA 5-8
78
BAAXADDA IYO KALA-HORAYNTA MAADADA SAYNISKA 2015
Tax Mawduuc F5 F6 F7 F8
1. Waxbarashada  Jeermiska Dulinka iyo cudurada  Cudurada ka dhasha Cudurro
caafimaadka  Fididda jeermiska  Dulinka caamka ah biyaha oo la yaqaan  Cudurrada la isu
 Ka hortegidda iyo  Astaamaha iyo fididda  Cudurada ka dhasha gudbiyo iyo kuwa la
iska ilaalinta dulinka hawada oo la yaqaan dhaxlo
jeermiska  Iska ilaalinta dulinka  Waxa sababa cudurada  Iska ilaalinta iyo ka
ka dhasha biyaha iyo hortegidda cudurrada
hawada  Daroogada
 Ka hortaga cudurada ka  Saameynta iyo iska
dhasha biyaha iyo ilaalinta daroogada
hawada
2. Unug iyo  Waynayso
waynayso  Unugyada
xayawaanka iyo dhirta
3. Xayawaanka Habdhiska neefsashada  Taranka dadka
 Qaabka habdhiska  Qaabka habdhiska  Qaabka habdhiska  Nuujinta hooyada
neefsashada dadka dheefshiidka dadka qashin saarka  Taranka raha
 Shaqada habdhiska  Shaqada habdhiska  Taranka kalluunka
neefsashada dheefshiidka  Shaqada habdhiska  Taranka shimbiraha
qashin saarka
 Qaabka habdhiska  Qaabka habdhiska dhiig
qalfoofka wareegga
 Shaqada habdhiska  Shaqada habdhiska dhiig
dheefshiidka wareegga
 Shaqada dhiigga
4. Dhirta  Ubax  Qaabka ubaxa Taranka ubaxleyda  Footosintesis
 Ubaxley iyo ubaxla’  caleemaha  bacrimin  Ekosistam
 xididada  Faxlin - Silsilada cuntada
 Miro iyo iniinyo - Shabakada cuntada
 Firdhinta iniinaha
 Biqlidda iniinaha
5. Biyo  Fididda biyaha hoor  Nuugidda biyaha ee  Habka biyaha roobka loo
ahaan geedka keydiyo loona dhaamiyo
 Isu ururridda  Neefsashada dhirta  Diqowga biyaha iyo waxa
biyaha hoor ahaan sababa
6. Cabbiraadda iyo  Cuf, mug iyo  Cuf iyo culeys
halbeegyada cufnaan
7. Ilays  Waa maxay ileys?  Ileys noqod

 Ilays gudbiye , ilays bar-  Qallocsanka ileyska
gudbiye iyo ilays ma-
gudbiye
8. Tamar, Hawl iyo  Cabbiraadda kulka  Tamar,  Noocyada tamarta
Awood  Saameynta kulku  Hawl  Isbadelka tamarta
ku leeyahay  Awood
walaxda
 Kul gudbinta
9. Hawo  Muhiimadda  Isku jirka hawada

hawada  Neefaha hawada
- Neefsashada Tusaale; Naytrojiin,
- Ilaha awoodda Ogsijiin, kaarboon labo
 Mashinada hawadu ogsaydh iyo neefaha
dhaqaajiso wahsada
- Marwaxada
dabaysha
- Dab dhaliyaha
dabaysha
10. Cimilo iyo cimilo  cimilo iyo cimilo  Qalabka hawada iyo  Gibil
gooreed gooreed isticmaalkooda  Qalabka xarumaha
 saameynta hawada  Alaada dabeysha hawada
iyo cimilada  Alaadda Roob-beeg - Huur-beeg
- Cadaadis-beeg
- Kul-beeg
11. Dhul iyo  Maalin iyo habeyn  Baha cadceedeed  Dayax gacmeed iyo
dulilaati (hawad  Wajiyada dayaxa  Qorrax iyo dayax xidigyahanada
sare) madoobaad  Xidkaha ,
cirjiirayaasha iyo
waramada circa
12. Deegaanka  Horudhaca Diqow  Isticmaalka qashinka
deegaanka iyo  Diqowga hawada deegaanka
qaybihiisa  Diqowga deegaanka  Dib-u-isticmaalka
 Ilaalinta dhirta  Diqowga carrada xaashiyaha
deegaanka  Dib-u-isticmaalka
caagagga
13. Beeraha  Horudhaca beeraha  daaqa  Diyaarinta dhulka Xoolaha
 Wax gelinta  Cudurada aad loo yaqaan  Dhir beeridda  Dhaqashada xoolaha
beeraha ee xoolaha  Xannaanada digaagga
 Shinni beeridda
 Kalluun beeridda
 Beer abuuridda
14. Danab iyo Birlab  Horudhaca  Horudhaca birlabta  Iska ilaalinta qalabka  Badada birlabta
danabka  Horudhaca danabka neg danabka  Adeegsiga birlab-
 Gudbiyeyaal iyo  Mareeg fudud danabeedka
ma-gudbiyeyaal
 Mareegaha
danabka
15. Dhaqaaq iyo  Horudhaca xoog  Qalabka fudud
xoog  Xoog islis  Noocyada qalabka
fudud
 Yareynta xoog isliska  Kartida makiinadaha
 Cadaadis fudud
16. Maatar  Astaamaha  Kala saaridda iskujirada  Mug iyo cufnaan  Aysiidhyo, baysyo iyo
walaxda  Curiyeyaal iyo iskudhisyo  Kalgalka curiyeyaasha muujiyeyaal
 Walxaha saafidaa  Bir iyo bir ma-ahe
- Atam  Falgalka u dhexeeya
- Curiye aysiidhyo iyo baysas
- Iskudhis
17. Gargaarka  Habraaca taxadar ee  Maamulidda danabka
degdega ah iyo caamka ah  Gargaarka degdega ah
badbaadinta
18. Naqtiin  Naqtiin
 Tijaabooyin iyo
imtixaano
FASALKA SHANAAD
1.1 JEERMISKA

 Qeexaan macnaha jeermiska
 Fahmaan saameynta jeermisku ku leeyahay caafimaadka
 Tilmaamaan meelaha badanaa laga helo jeermiska
 Ka digtoodaan meelaha laga helo jeermiska
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen

saameynta jeermisku ku leeyahay caafimaadka dadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha soo booqdeen
shaybaarka isbitaal/xarun caafimaad si ay u indha-indheeyaan
calaamadaha muuqda ee jeermiska
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha tilmaameen
meelaha jeermiska laga helo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha soosaareen
fogaanta u dhexeeysa suuliyada iyo fasalada, hana ka doodeen sida
jeermiska suuliyadu u saameeyo deegaanka dugsiga
Habka Qiimeynta lagu Taliyey

 Xog-baaris
 Bandhigid
79
1.2 WAXYAABAHA SABABA JEERMISKA IYO FIDIDDOODA

 Sharraxaan waxyaabaha waaweyn ee sababa jeermiska iyo siday u
fidaad
 Tilmaamaan sida jeermisku ugu fido bulshada
 Qiimeeyaan saameynta fididda jeermisku ku leedahay deegaanka
 Si fiican u fahmaan waxa sababa jeermiska bulshada dhexdeeda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen

sababaha waaweyn ee jeermiska ku keena bulshada dhexdeeda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha uga wada
hadleen sida jeermisku ugu fido deegaanada kala duwan iyo
saameynta uu ku yeesho bukaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka jilidda, bartayaashu ha iska dhigeen
dhakhaatiir hana sharraxeen waxa sababa jeermiska bulshada
dhexdeeda ah
waxa sababa jeermiska iyo sida uu u fido
 Xog-baaris
 Jilid
 Bandhigid
80
1.3 KA HORTAGGA IYO ISKA ILAALINTA JEERMISKA

 Tilmaamaan sida bulshada looga ilaaliyo jeermiska
 Sheegaan siyaabaha looga hortago fididda jeermiska
 Ku wacyigeliyaan bulshada muhiimadda ay leedahay iska ilaalinta iyo ka
hortegidda jeermisku
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha booqdeen isbitaalka

ama bukaan socd eegto si ay xog ogaal ugu noqdaan sida la iska ilaaliyo
loogana hortago jeermiska
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha soo bandhigeen sida
la iska ilaaliyo iyo sida looga hortago jeermiska iyagoo adeegsanaya shaxo
iyo vidiyow
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammmaaneed, bartayaashu ha soo talo
jeediyeen daabuurka iyagoo sharraxaya sida la iska ilaaliyo iyo sida looga
hortago jeermiska
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Wacyigalin
 Indha-indheyn bare
81
2. XAYAWAANKA
2.1 HABDHISKA NEEFSASHADA DADKA
2.1.1 QAABKA HABDHISKA NEEFSASHADA DADKA

 Qeexaan habdhiska neefsashada dadka
 Magacaabaan xubnaha habdhiska neefsashada dadka
 Sawiraan magacyadana ku muujiyaan habdhiska neefsashada dadka
 Ka talobixiyaan muhiimadda ay leeyihiin xubnaha habdhiska neefsashada
dadka

habdhiska neefsashada dadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu shax ahaan ha
ku muujiyeen qaabka habdhiska neefsashada dadka
bandhigeen sawirrada xubnaha neefsashada iyagoo magacyadooda la
doonanaya
 Bandhigid
 Nuxur sawirid
82
2.1.2 SHAQOOYINKA HABDHISKA NEEFSASHADA DADKA

 Sharraxaan shaqooyinka xubnaha habdhiska neefsashada dadka
 Sheegaan sida xubnaha habdhiska neefsashada dadku u wada
shaqeeyaan
 Xaqiijiyaan sida xubnaha neefsashadu u wada shaqeeyaan

tilmaameen shaqooyinka habdhiska neefsashada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen sida
xubnaha neefsashadu u wada shaqeeyaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan ka qabadka, bartayaashu ha
tijaabiyeen sida xubnaha habdhiska neefsashada dadku u wada
shaqeeyaan iyagoo adeegsanaya magalootiyo caag ah
 Tijaabo
 Bandhigid
83
3. DHIRTA
3.1 UBAXA

 Qeexaan ubaxa
 Magacaabaan qaybaha ubaxa
 Tilmaamaan shaqooyinka waaweyn ee ubaxa
 Gartaan in ubuxu yahay mid soo jiidasho leh deegaankana qurxiya

doodeen ubaxa iyo qaybihiisa
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan ka-qabadka, bartayaashu ha isku
dubbarideen ubax-uruurin si ay u indha-indheeyaan una sharraxaan
ubaxa deegaankooda
shaqooyinka ubaxa
 Gacan-ka-qabad
 Shaqo guri
84
3.2 UBAXLEY IYO UBAXLA’

 Qeexaan ubaxley iyo ubaxla’
 Isbarbar dhigaan kala duwanaanshaha iyo isu ekaanta ubaxleyda iyo
ubaxla’da
 Gartaan in ubaxu yahay xubinta taranka geedka

macnaha ubaxley iyo ubaxla’
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha banbaxeen si ay u
indha-indheeyaan kala duwanaanshaha iyo isu ekaanshaha dhirta
ubaxleyda ah iyo tan ubaxla’da ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha kala saareen
sawirrada dhirta ubaxley iyo ubaxla’
 Bandhigid
85
4. BIYO
4.1 FIDIDDA BIYAHA

 Sharraxaan fididda biyaha
 Tilmaamaan isbeddelka ku dhaca wajiyada biyaha, adkahu isugu beddelo
hoor ama hoor isugu beddelo uumi
 Bartaan oo garwaaqsadaan isbeddelka biyaha ee wajiyada kala

hana baareen waxa dhaca xilliga isbeddelka wajiyada barafku hoor isugu
beddelo ama hoorku uumi isugu beddelo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan-ka-qabadka, bartayaashu ha ku
karkariyeen biyo kirli, hana hordhigeen murrayad dhuunta kirliga si ay u
arkaan uuminga biyaha ugana warbixiyaan indha-indheyntooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha baareen una
fahmeen in karkarintu ay biyaha nadiifiso
 Gacan-ka-qabad
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
86
4.2 URURIDDA BIYAHA

 Sharraxaan ururidda biyaha
 Qeexaan waxa dhaca xilliga ururidda biyaha ee hoor ilaa baraf ama uumi
ilaa hoor
 La socdaan in qaboojintu biyaha baraf ka dhigto

sida biyuhu u ururaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka Gaca-ka-qabadyada, bartayaashu ha
tujaabiyeen waxa biyaha ku dhaca marka la qaboojiyo, hana ka
warbixiyeen waxay helaan
isbeddelka biyahay waji ka waji iyagoo sawiraya
 Gacan-ka-qabad
 Bandhigida
 Layli fasal
87
5. CABBIRAADDA IYO HALBEEGYADA
5.1 CUF, MUGG IYO CUFNAAN

 Tilmaamaan nuxurka cuf, mugg iyo cufnaan
 U adeegsadaan xallinta mas’alooyinka xiriirka ka dhexeeya cuf, mugg iyo
cufnaan
 Si dhab ah u cabbiraan cufnaanta alaabta guriga laga isticmaalo
 Gartaan oo fahmaan in cufka, mugga iyo cufnaantu yihiin xaddiyo saynis
oo muhiim ah

tilmaameen nuxurka cuf, mugg iyo cufnaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha xalliyeen
masalooyinka cufka, mugga iyo cufnaanta iyagoo adeegsanaya isle’egta,
d = m/v
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shiqsiyeed, bartayaashu si dhab ah ha u
cabbireen cufnaanta alaabta guriga laga isticmaalo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen sida ay
muhiim ugu yihiin cufka, mugga iyo cufnaantu seeraha sayniska
 Bandhigid
 Warbixin
 Indh-indheyn bare
88
6. KULKA
6.1 CABBIRAADDA KULKA

 Qeexaan kul iyo heerkul soona saaraan farqigooda
 Tilmaamaan sida loo cabbiro kulka soona saaraan shayga lagu cabbiro
kulka
 U dhug yeeshaan kana taxadaraan cabbiraadda kulka
 Iyago adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha qeexeen

kulka iyo heerkulka iyagoo adeegsanaya tusaaleyaal, dabadeed ha soo
saareen farqigooda
 Iyago adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha tilmaameen
sida kulka loo cabbiro hana dhiseen (sameeyeen) heerkulbeeg fudud
iyagoo isticmaalaya dhalo, biyo, tuubo iyo fur cinjir ah
 Iyago adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha diiwaan
geliyeen, ha u qeexeen, hana isu barbar dhigeen isbeddelada heerkulka
xilliyo kala duwan ee maalinta iyagoo adeegsanaya heerkulbeeg,
dabadeedna ha ku soo bandhigeen waxay heleen shax-taxane
 Bandhigid
 Su’aalo afkaa
 Shax-taxane
89
6.2 SAAMEYNTA KULKU KU LEEYAHAY MAATARKA

 Qeexaan saameynta kulku ku leeyahy maatarka
 Indha-indheeyaan fahmaana saameynta kulku ku leeyahay hawada,
hoorka iyo adkaha
 Isbarbar dhigaan saameynta kulku ku leeyahay adkaha, hoorka iyo
hawada
 Tixgelin siiyaan saameynta kulku ku leeyahay maatarka

doodeen saameynta kulku ku leeyahay maatarka
hana uga go’aan gaareen saameynta kulku ku leeyahay (adkayaasha,
hoorarka iyo hawada)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed yar yar, bartayaashu ha isbarbar
dhigeen saameynta kulku ku leeyahay adkaha, hoorka iyo neefta
 Isqiimeyn
 Su’aalo afkaa
 Shaqo guri
90
6.3 GUDBINTA KULKA
 Sharraxaan sida kulku uga gudbo adkaha, hoorka iyo neefta
 Tilmaamaan saddexda siyood ee kulka loo gudbiyo: gudbin, islabarog iyo
kaah
 Isbarbar dhigaan saddexda siyood ee kulka loo gudbiyo: gudbin,
islabarog iyo kaah
 Fahmaan saameynta kul gudbintu ku leedahay nolol maalmeedka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha tilmaameen

in kulku ka tago shay kulul aadona shay qabow adkayaasha, hoorka iyo
neefaha-ba
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan-ka-qabadka, bartayaashu ha qeexeen
saddexda siyood ee kulku ku gudbo: gudbin, islabarog iyo kaahid
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha isbarbar dhigeen
saddexda siyood ee kulku ku gudbo iyagoo adeegsanaya waxqabadyo kala
duwan ee shax-taxane
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka doodda, bartayaashu ha ka wada hadleen
saameynta gudbinta kulku ku leedahay nolol maalmeedka
 Bandhigid
 Shax-taxane
91
7. HAWADA
7.1 MUHIIMADDA HAWADA

 Qeexaan macnaha hawo
 Tilmaamaan sida hawadu muhiim ugu tahay habdhiska neefsashada
 Bandhigaan sida hawadu u caawiso gubashada
 Ka talobixiyaan muhiimadda hawadu u leedahay habdhiska neefsashada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha isdhaafsadeen

ra’yigooda hana ka doodeen muhiimadda hawadu u leedahay nolol
maalmeedkeenna
sida hawadu u caawiso gubashada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu shaqsi shaqsi
ha u tijaabiyeen sida hawadu u caawiso habdhiskeenna neefsashada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ku xireen
farahooda sanka si ay u muujiyaan muhiimadda ay hawadu u leedahay
nafteenna, hana ka warbixiyeen waxay arkaan
 Bandhigid
 Gacan-ka-qabad
92
7.2 WAXYAABAHA HAWADU DHAQAAJISO

 Taxaan waxyaabaha hawadu dhaqaajiso
 Qeexaan sida hawadu u dhaqaajiso waxyaabaha kala duwan
 Sawiraan walxo hawadu dhaqaajiso (sida: marwaxadda dabaysha ,
doonyaha ceelasha biyaha, buufimo, dalaayad( baarashuud), iwm)
 Ku baraarugsanaadaan in tamarta dabeyshu tahay tamar la
cusboonaysiin karo isla markaas raqiis ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen sida

hawadu walxaha u dhaqaajiso
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, ha sawireen hana u bandhigeen
walxo hawadu dhaqaajiso, hana ka warbixiyeen muhiimadda walxaha
hawadu dhaqaajiso
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan-ka-qabadyadda, bartayaashu ha
sameeyeen in hawadu soo saari karto tamar iyadoon shidaal la
isticmaalin
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
93
8. CIMILO IYO CIMILO GOOREED
8.1 HORUDHACA CIMILADA IYO CIMILO GOOREED

 Isbarbar dhigaan cimilo iyo cimilo gooreed
 Sahamiyaan cimilada deegaankooda
 Garowsadaan in kululeylinta qorraxda ee dhulka iyo gibilkiisa dhaliso
cimilo gooreed
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha isbarbar

dhigeen cimilo iyo cimilo gooreed iyagoo adeegsanaya waayo-aragnimo
dhaqan iyo tusaalayaal nolosha ku saleysan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha fahmayaan kana
fakarayaan cimilada deegaankooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka booqasho cilmiyeysan, bartayaashu ha
indha-indheeyeen hana u soo saareen waxa sababa cimilo gooreedka
iyagoo tixgelin gaara siinaya kulka qoraxda
 Bandhigid
 Warbixin sahameed
 Su’aalo afka ah
94
8.2 SAAMEYNTA CIMILO GOOREEDKA KU LEEDAHAY
DADKA

 Sharraxaan saameynta ay cimilo gooreed ku leedahay waxqabadyada
dadka
 Indha-indheeyaan isna barbardhigaan saameynta isbeddelka cimilo
gooreed ku leeyahay waxqabadyada dadka muddo go’an
 Kasbadaan dabeecado tixgelin iyo taxadar ee saameynta cimilo
gooreedka ku leedahay waxqabadyada dadka

taxeen xilliyada sannadka iyo qaar ka mida hawl qabadyada muhiimka
ah ee la qabto
indheeyeen hana isu barbardhigeen saameynta isbeddelka cimilo
gooreed ku leeyahay waxqabadyada dadka muddo go’an
doodeen saameynta isbeddelka cimilo gooreedku ku leeyahay
waxqabadyada dadka hana barbar dhigeen tan dalalka deriska iyo
aduunkaba
 Bandhigid
 Sahan warbixineed
95
9. DHULKA IYO DULULAATI (HAWADA SARE)
9.1 MAALIN IYO HABEYN

 Sharraxaan dhaqdhaqaaqa dhulka
 Tilmaamaan astaamaha maalinta iyo habeynta
 Indha-indheeyaan waxyaabaha sababa maalinta iyo habeynka
 Muujiyaan farqiga u dhexeeya maalinta iyo habeynka

doodeen dhaqdhaqaaqa dhulka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha qeexeen

tilmaamaha maalinta iyo habeynka iyo waxyaabaha sababa
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan-ka-qabadyada, bartayaashu iyagoo
isticmaalaya galoob iyo ilayska tooshka ha soo bandhigeen sameysanka
maalinta iyo habeynka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha ku muujiyeen
shaxan farqiga u dhexeeya maalinta iyo habeynka
 Tijaabo
 Shaqo fasal
 Xog-baaris
96
9.2 WAJIYADA DAYAXA

 Gartaan sawirraanna wajiyada kala duwan ee dayaxa
 Tilmaamaan muhiimadda dayaxa
 Ku helaan daawashada dayaxa habeynkii
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha muujiyeen

shaxaha kala duwan ee wajiyada dayaxa
muhiimadda dayaxa
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka dooodda, bartayaashu ha soo bandhigeen
waxa sababa maalinta iyo habeynka
 Bandhigid
 Qoraalka doodda
 Indha-indheyn
97
10. DEEGAANKA
10.1 HORUDHACA DEEGAANKA IYO WUXUU KA
KOOBAN YAHAY

 Qeexaan macnaha deegaan
 Gartaan oo soo saaraan xiriirka u dhexeeya dadka iyo deegaanka
 Qeexaan qaybaha uu ka kooban yahay deegaanku
 Soo saaraan qaybaha uu deegaankeennu ka kooban yahay sida:
 Hawada,
 biyaha ( wabiyada, harooyinka, badaha)
 Dhirta
 Soil
 Dareensanadaan qaybaha deegaankeenna
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha sharraxeen waxa

uu yahay deegaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha qaadeen masuuliyada
inay ka wareystaan dadka waaweyn sida dadku ula falgalo deegaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen hana isu
dhaafsadeen fikradahooda xagga deegaankooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka booqosho cilmiyaysan, bartayaashu ha booqdeen
hana u indha-indheeyeen deegaanka ku hareeraysan dugsigooda hana u soo
saareen qaybaha muhiimka ah ee deegaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen sida
waxqabadyada dadku u beddelaan deegaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha wadaageen fikradooda
si ay u qeexaan sida loo ilaalin karo deegaanka
 Booqasho gaaban
 Bandhigid
 Layli fasal
98
10.2 ILAALINTA DHIRTA DEEGAANKA

 Sharraxaan ilaalinta dhirta deegaanka
 Tibaaxaan muhiimadda ilaalinta dhirta deegaanka
 Helaan dariiqooyinka lagu ilaalin karo dhirta deegaanka
 Ku wargeliyaan dadka muhiimadda ilaalinta dhirtu u leedahay
deegaanka taas oo ay ku jirto beeridda dhirtu

ilaalinta dhirta deegaanka
muhiimadda dhirtu u leedahay deegaanka
bandhigeen hababka lagu ilaalin karo dhirta deegaanka iyagoo
adeegsanaya shaxanno
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka booqasho cilmiyaysan, bartayaashu si
isxilqaan ah xog-baaris ha ugu sameeyaan dhirta deegaankooda
 Booqasho gaaban
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Maskax-tuujin
99
11. BEERAHA
11.1 HORUDHACA BEERAHA

 Qeexaan micnaha beeraha
 Tilmaamaan qaybaha kala duwan ee beeraha
 Ka talo bixiyaan muhiimadda beeraha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawiridda, bartayaashu ha sharraxeen

macnaha beeraha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha diyaariyeen
shaxo si ay u soo bandhigaan qaybaha kala duwan ee beeraha iyo sida
uu midba mid ugu xiran yahay
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha ka doodaan
muhiimadda beeruhu u leeyihiin koboca dhaqaalaheenna
 Nuxur sawirid
100
11.2 MAALGELINTA BEERAHA

 Qeexaan maalgelinta beeraha ee loo baahan yahay
 Sharraxaan sida maalgelinta yari ay u sameeyso beeraha
 Soo saaraan hababka maalgelinta loogu isticmaalo beeraha
 Ka talo bixiyaan muhiimadda maalgelinta beeruhu u leedahay koboca
dhaqan-dhaqaale

doodeen maalgelinta loo baahan yahay ee beeraha
bandhigeen sida yaraanta maalgelinta loo baahan yahay ee beeruhu u
saameyso wax-soo-saarka
 Iyagoo shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha muujiyeen hababka kala
duwan ee maalgelinta beeraha
muhiimadda maalgelinta beeruhu u leedahay horumarinta dhaqan-
dhaqaale
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Nuxur sawirid
101
12 DANAB IYO BIRLAB
12.1 HORUDHACA DANABKA

 Qeexaan erayga danab
 Raadiyaan qoraanna aaladda danab ee laga isticmaalo guriga, dugsiga
iyo bulshada
 Sharraxaan sida la isaga ilaaliyo khatarta aaladda danab ee guryaha lagu
adeegsado
 Ku baraarugsanadaan khatarta danabka

erayga danab iyagoo adeegsanaya tusaaleyaal
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha raadiyeen hana
qoreen aaladda danabka lagu isticmaalo guriga, dugsiga iyo bulshada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha sharraxaan
iska ilaalinta khatarta aaladda danabka guriga iyo dugsiga
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha doodeen
hana u gudbiyeen bulshada sida la isaga ilaaliyo khatarta danabka
 Bandhigid
 Dood
102
12.2 GUDBIYAASHA IYO MA-GUDBIYAASHA
DANABKA
 Qeexaan gudbiyeyaasha iyo ma-gudbiyeyaasha danabka

 Tijaabo ugu kala saaraan walxo kala duwan gudbiyeyaal iyo ma-
gudbiyeyaal
 U bogaan xiriirka ka dhexeeya gudbiyeyaasha iyo ma-gudbiyeyaasha
danabka

gudbiyeyaal iyo ma-gudbiyeyaal
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha kala saaraan
gudbiyeyaal iyo ma-gudbiyeyaal iyagoo adeegsanaya qoraal hubiye
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha tijaabiyeeen
hana aqoonsadeen gudbiyeyaasha iyo ma-gudbiyeyaasha si gacan-ka-
qabad ah iyagoo baruhu kormeerayo
 Bandhigid
 Tijaabo
103
12.3 MAREEGAHA DANABKA
 Sharraxaan waxay yihiin mareego taxane ah iyo kuwo barbarro ah

 Dhisaan mareego danab oo fudud oo u xiran taxane iyo barbarro iyagoo
adeegsanaya jaantus sawirreedyo
 Tijaabiyaan mareegaha fudud (taxane & barbarro)
 Sahamiyaan kuna qancaan siday uga go’aan gaari lahaayeen qodobada
saameeya iftiinka guluubka nalka ee mareegta taxanaha ah iyo tan
barbarrada ah (iyadoo ay ku jiraan tirada guluubyada, tirada batariyada,
meelaha lagu xiro guluubyada iyo batariyada)

waxay yihiin taxane iyo barbarro
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawirridda, bartayaashu ha sawireen
qaabka mareego danab oo fudud oo ah taxane iyo barbarro (iyagoo
muujinaya furaha, guluubka iyo batariga)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu gacan-ka-qabad ahaan
ha sahamiyeen isku xiridyo kala duwan si ay guluubka shidaan (ha
adeegsadeen guluub, waayarro (fiilooyin) iyo batari)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha go’aan gaareen
qodobada saameeya ifka guluubka mareegaha fudud ee taxanaha iyo
kuwa barbarrada
 Bandhigid
 Sawirrid
 Isqiimeyn
104
13. MAATAR
13.1 ASTAAMAHA MAATARKA
 Qeexaan walxaha
 Soo bandhigaan walxaha guud ee deegaanka
 Taxaan qaar ka mid ah astaamaha duleed ee walxaha (astaamaha
duleed waxaa ka mid ah: wajiga, barta dhalaalka iyo tan karka, midabka,
cufnaanta, danab-gudbinta)
 Ku qancaan walxaha kala duwan isuna babar dhigaan astaamahooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha soo ururiyeen
qaybo ka mid ah walxaha guud deegaanka
hana u fahmeen astaamaha walxaha kala duwan
walxaha iyagoo u eegaya astaamahooda duleed
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha is garab dhigeen
walxo kala duwan iyagoo u fiirinaya midabyadooda iyo wajiyadooda
 Bandhigid
 Layli fasal
105
13.2 WALXAHA SAAFIDA AH

 Qeexaan atam, curiye iyo iskudhis
 Sheegaan in curiyuhu ka sameysan yahay atamo isku mid ah
 Tilmaamaan saddexda saxar ee atamka ka samaysan yahay

erayada atam , curiye iyo iskudhis
saddexda saxar ee atamka
 adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha kala sheegeen farqiga u
dhexeeya atam, curiye iyo iskudhis
 Bandhigid
 Layli fasal
 Xog-baaris
106
FASALKA LIXAAD
1.1 DULINADA LA YAQAAN

 Magacaabaan dulinada la yaqaan kuwaas oo saameeya bulshadda
 Sharaxaan sida dulinku u saameeyo dadka
 Sawiraan dulinada bulshada dhexdeeda laga helo
 U sheegaan dadka kale saameynta uu dulinku ku leeyahay bulshadda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka jillidda, bartayaashu ha jilaan ilmo gooryaan

qaba (mulaaxeed)
magacyada dullinda la yaqaan ee laga helo deegaankooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ha sawiraan
sawirada gooriyaan mulaax, gooriyaan jilaabeed, iwm
 Jilitaan
 Bandhigid
 Cilmi baaris kooban
107
1.2 CALAAMADAHA IYO FIDITAANKA DULINKA

 Tilmaamaan calaamadaha kala duwan ee dulinku bulshada
 Sheegaan siyaabaha dulinku ugu fido bulshada dhexdeeda
 Ka taxadaraan siduu u fido cudurka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ka doodaan waxa

keena dulinka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka booqashada cilmiyaysan, bartayaashu ha
indha- indheeyaan degamadooda/xaafadooda cusbitaalka/xarun
caafimaad ku yaal si ay u bartaan calaamadaha dulinka cudurka sababa
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha sharaxaan
siyaabaha dulinku u fido
 Bandhigid
 Layli fasal
 Shaqo guri
108
1.3 DIFAACA IYO KA HORTAGA DULINKA

 Sharaxaan sida looga hortago ama la isaga difaaco dulinka
 Sheegaan hababka loo difaaco dulinka
 Ka taxadaraan, wadaagaan fikradaha la isaga difaaci karo dulinka

sida looga hortagi karo dulinka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha baaraan
siyaabaha la isaga difaaci karo dulinka sida:
Cunto karinta, dhaqida miraha iyo qudaarta ka hor cunida, karkarinta
biyaha, isticmaalka suuliyada, jiritaanka cidiyaha, faya-dhawrka qofka
 Hawl kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ku sawiraan shaxano si looga hortagi
karo loona difaaci karo dulinka
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
109
2. XAYAWAANKA
2.1 HABDSHISKA DHEEFSHIIDKA
2.1.1 QAABKA HABDHISKA DEEFSHIIDKA

 Tilmaamaan xubnaha habdhiska dheefshiidka dadka
 Sawiraan, summadeeyaan qaabka habdhiska dheefshiidka dadka
 Daraasadeeyaan qaabka habdhiska dheefshiidka

bandhigaan qaybaha habdhiska dheefshiid shaxano ( tusaale afka,
hunguriga, caloosha, xiidmaha, beerka iyo ganaca)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha isku
aadiyaan sawirada qaybaha habdhiska dheefshiidka iyo magacyadooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha sawiraan hana
ku qoraan magacyadooda qaab-dhismeedka habdhiska dheefshiidka
 Shaqo guri
 Bandhigid
110
2.2 SHAQOOYINKA HABDHISKA DHEEFSHIIDKA

 Sharaxaan shaqooyinka habdhiska dheefshiidka dadka
 Baaraan sida xubnaha dheefshiidku u wada shaqeeyaan
 Garawsadaan waxtarka shaqooyinka habdhiska dheefshiidku uu dadka u
leeyahay
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawiridda, bartayaashu ha ka doodaan

shaqooyinka habdhiska dheefshiidka ee dadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha mata-laan
xubnahooda si ay u sharaxaan shaqadooda
xiriirka ka dhaxeeya xubnaha habdhiska dheefshiidka iyagoo adeegsanaya
kaarar midabaysan

 Bandhigid
 Nuxur sawirid
111
2.3 HABDHISKA QALFOOFKA DADKA
2.3.1 QAABKA HABDHISKA QALFOOFLKA DADKA

 Sheegaan xubnaha habdhiska qalfoofka dadka
 Sawiraan oo summadayeeyaan magacyada qaabka habdhiska qalfooflka
dadka
 fahmaan in qalfoofka dadka ay hagaajiso qaabka qofka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha ku soo bandhigaan

shaxano xubnaha habdhiska qalfoofka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha sawiraan hana
ku qoraan magacyaadooda qaab-dhismeedka habdhiska qalfoofka dadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan ka-qabadka, bartayaashu ha indha-
indheeyaan hana qeexaan qaab-dhismeedka qalfoofka iyagoo isticmaalaya
magalootiyo
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
112
2.3.2 SHAQOOYINKA HABDHISKA QALFOOFKA DADKA

 Sharaxaan shaqooyinka habdhiska qalfoofka
 Isbar-bar dhigaan shaqooyinka xubnaha habdhiska qalfoofka
 Gartaan oo xiiseeyaan shaqooyinka xubnaha habdhiska qalfoofka

shaqooyinka habdhiska qalfoofka
hana qeexaan sida xubnaha u wada shaqeeyaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha soo bandhigaan
sida habdhiskani xiriir ula leeyahay habdhisyada kale

 Bandhigid
113
3. DHIRTA
3.1 QAABKA UBAXA

 Tilmaamaan noocyada ubaxa
 Qeexaan qaabka ubaxa
 Sawiraad, summadeeyaan qaybaha labka iyo dhediga ubaxa
 Siiyaan mudnaan quraxda iyo soo jiidashada ubaxa

booqosho kooban si ay u soo indha-indheeyaan una qeexaan qaab-
dhismeedka ubaxa deegaanka inagu xeeran
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha ku sawiraan
shaxano qaybaha labka iyo dhediga ubaxa
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha kala
saaraan ubaxa fudud iyo kan isku cufan iyagoo adeegsanaya sawiro
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha soo aruuriyaan
qaar ka mid ah ubaxyada si ay u soo bandhigaan waxay ka siman yihiin
iyo waxa ay ku kala duwan yihiin

 Bandhigid
114
3.2 CALEEMAHA

 Sheegaan noocyada caleemaha
 Sharaxaan shaqooyinka ugu muhiimsan caleenta
 Kala soocaan caleenta fudud iyo tan kakan
 Siiyaan fiiro gaar ah in caleentu tahay xubunita taranka

doodaan noocyada aleemaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawiridda, bartayaashu ha soo
diyaariyaan caleemo kala duwan si ay ugu kala saaraan caleemaha
fudud iyo kuwa kakan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha sharaxeen
shaqooyinka caleenta

 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
115
3.3 XIDIDDA

 Tilmaamaan noocyada xididda
 Sawiraan, kala soocaan xidid udub iyo xidid miiqan
 Sharraxaan shaqooyinka xididada
 Ogaadaan in xididdadu ay yihiin dhuumaha biyaha iyo macdanta siisa
geedka

doodaan kala duwanaashaha xididada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawiridda, bartayaashu ha kala
saaraan xidid udub iyo xidid miiqan
shaqooyinka xididada iyagoo adeegsanaya shaxano

 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
116
4. BIYO
4.1 NUUGIDA BIYAHA GEEDKA

 Qeexaan ka soo nuugida biyaha carrada iyagoo soo maraaya xididada
 Sharaxaan sida timiha xididada ay ugu soo nuugaan biyaha carrada
 Xiiseeyaan sida geedku bihaya uga soo nuugo carrada

nuugida biyaha geedka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha sharaxeen
sida geedku biyaha uga soo nuugo carrada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha sawiraan
xidada geedka iyagoo adeegsanaaya shaxano
 Bandhigid
117
4.2 DHIDIDKA CALEENTA

 Qeexaan dhididinta caleenta
 Sharraxaan sida dhirtu uumiga u saarto
 U fiirsadaan si taxadar leh sida caleenta uumiga u saarto
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha diyaariyaan

tijaabo si loo indha-indheeyo loona baaro sida caleentu u lumiso
biyaha
doodaan sida dhirtu u lumiso biyaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha sawiraan
caleenta oo dhididaysa
 Tijaabo
 Bandhigid
118
5. CABIRADDA IYO HALBEEGAYADA
5.1 CUF IYO CULAYS

 Micneeyaan Cufka iyo culayska
 Isbar-bar dhig kala duwanaasha cufka iyo culayska
 Xiiseeyaan cabbiraada walxo kala duwan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha kala

saaraan cufka iyo culayska
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha isbar-
bardhigaan kala duwanaashaha cufka iyo culayska
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha
xisaabiyaan cufka walxaha kala duwan iyagoo adeegsanayaa
qalabka xisaabta
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
119
6.1 HAWL

 Tilmaamaan, fahmaanna nuxurka la xiriira hawsha
 Hormariyaan xirfadaha la xiriira xisaabta ee dabakhidda hawsha
 Garawsadaan in micnaha caadiga ah hawsha iyo hawsha cilmiyaysan
ay yara kala duwan yihiin
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka doodda, bartayaashu ha tilmaamaan

nuxurka la xiriira hawsha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha soosaaran
xisaabaadka la xiriira hawsha
doodaan hana ogaadaan in micnaha caadiga ah hawsha iyo hawsha
cilmiyaysan in ay yara kala duwan yihiin
 Bandhigid
120
6.2 TAMARTA

 Tilmaamaan hana fahmaan nuxurka la xiriira tamarta
 Hormariyaan xirfadaha la xiriira xisaabta ee dabakhida tamarta
 Fahmaan in tamartu inagu xeerantahay
 Habka maskaxtuujinta iyo dooda, bartayaashu ha tilmaamaan hana

fahmaan nuxurka la xiriira tamarta
 Hawl shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha soosaaran xisaabaadka la xiriira
tamarta
 Habka dood kooxeedka, bartayaashu ha ka doodaan hana fahmaan
in tamartu inagu xeerantahay
 Bandhigid
121
6.3 AWOODDA

 Tilmaamaan hana fahmaan nuxurka la xiriira awoodda
 Hormariyaan xirfadaha la xiriira xisaabta ee dabakhida awoodda
 U mahadnaqaan xiriirka ka dhexeeya hawsha, tamarta iyo awooda
 Habka maskaxtuujinta iyo dooda, bartayaashu ha tilmaamaan hana

fahmaan nuxurka la xiriira awoodda
 Hawl shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha soosaaran xisaabaadka la xiriira
awoodda
 Habka maskax tuujinta, bartayaashu ha ka doodaan xiriirka ka
dhexeeya hawsha, tamarta iyo awoodda
 Bandhigid
122
7. ILAYS
7.1 WAA MAXAY ILAYSKU?

 Qeexaan ilaysku wuxuu yahay iyagoo tilmaamaaya in laysku yahay nooc
ka mid ah tamarta
 Lafa-guraan sababaha ilasyka looga hor arko jabaqda intaan la maqal
 Garawsadaan in ilaysku uu ka dheereeyo jabaqda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha qeexaan

ilaysku wuxuu yahay iyagoo tilmaamaaya in laysku yahay nooc ka mid ah
tamarta
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka doodda, bartayaashu ha saaraan kan
dheereeya ilayska iyo jabaqda ( tusaale hanqarka iyo hilaaca)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed( 4, 5), bartayaashu ha bartayaashu
ha tijaabo ahaan ha u baaraan kadibna warbixin ha ka qoreen iyagoo
indha-indhaynaaya hanqarka iyo hilaaca iyagoo is bar-bar dhigaaya
xawaarahooda
 Bandhigid
 Warbixin
123
7.2 ILAYS GUDBIYE, ILAYS BAR-GUDIYE IYO ILAYS MA-
GUDBIYE

 Tilmaamaan ilays gubiye , ilays bar-gudbiye iyo ilays ma-gudbiye
 U kala soocaan walxaha ilays gubiye , ilays bar-gudbiye iyo ilays ma-
gudbiye
 Gartaan walxaha ah ilays gubiye , ilays bar-gudbiye iyo ilays ma-gudbiye
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan ka-qabadyada, bartayaashu ha

tilaameen walxaha ilays gubiye , ilays bar-gudbiye iyo ilays ma-gudbiye
ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha u habeeyeen
walxaha sida iyagoo adeegsanaya qoraal hubiye
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha baareen
isticmaalka walxaha ilays gudbiyaha iyagoo aruurinaaya
warbiximahooda
 Bandhigid
 Is-qiimayn
 Indha-indhayn
124
8 HAWADA
8.1 ISKU JIRKA HAWADDA

 Qeexaan isku jirka hawada
 Tilmaamaan neefaha hawada laga helo
 Garawsadaan in hawadu ka koobantahy neefo isku jira
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha sharexeen

isku jirka hawada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha qeexeen kala
duwanaashaha neefaha hawada
 Masxkax-tuujin
 Bandhigid
125
8.2 NEEFAHA HAWADA

 Sheegaan macagacyada kala duwan ee neefaha hawada
 Sharraxaan waxtarka neefaha hawada
 Garowsadaan isticmaalka neefaha kala duwan ee hawada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha tilmaameen

magacyada neefaha hawada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha sharaxeen
waxtarka neefaha hawada sida :
 Naytrojiin waxay muhiim u tahay dhirta
 Ogsijiin waxaa loo adeegsadaa neefsashada iyo gubida walxaha
 Kaarboon labo ogsaydh waxay muhiim u tahay geedka iyo dab-
damiska sNeefaha wahsada waxaa loo adeegsadaa :
- Heliyum waxa loo isticmaalaa buufimaha
- Argon waxaa loo isticmaalaa buuxinta
laambadaha
- Niyoon waxaa loo isticmaalaa laambadaha
midabada leh
- Kiribtoon waxaa loo isticmaalaa layserka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha u fuliyeen si
taxader leh gacan ka qabadyo si ay u caddeeyaan in hawadu taageerto
gubidda
 Masxkax-tuujin
 Bandhigid
126
9 CIMILO IYO CIMILO GOOREED
9.1 AALADAHA CIMILO GOOREEDKA IYO
ADEEGSIGEEDA
6.1.1 AALADA DABAYSHA

 Indha-indhayaan oo magacaabaan aaladaha dabaysha
 Soo bandhigaan sida loo adeegsado aaladaha cimilo gooreedka si loo
cabiro dabaysha ( sida;jiho dabayleed, kiish dabayleed)
 Ogaadaan waxtarka alaadaha dabaysha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha booqdeen

xarumaha cimilo gooreedka si ay u indha-indheeyaan sida aaladaha
dabayshu u shaqeeyaan hana taxeed qaar ka mid ah magacyada
aaladaha dabaysha ee laga adeegsado deegaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha ka doodeen
sida loo adeegsado aaladaha cimilo gooreedka
waxtarka aalahada dabaysha, sida jiho dabayleed, kiish dabayleed iyo
animoomitir
 Warbixin booqasho cilmiyeed

 Bandhigid
127
9.2 AALADA ROOBKA (ROOB-BEEG)

 Qeexaan adeegsiga roob-beega
 Cabbiraan oo kaydiyaan roobabka iyagoo adeegsanaya roob-beega
 Siiyaan fiiro gaar waxtarka adeegsiga roob-beega
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maxkax-tuujinta , bartayaashu ha

qeexeen adeegsiga roob-beega
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha cabbireen hana
kaydiyeen roobabka iyagoo adeegsanay roob-beega xilio kala duwan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha ka doodeen
waxtarka adeegsiga roob-beega
 Bandhigid
 Warbixin
 Qiimayn shaqsiyeed
128
10 HAWADA IYO DULILAATI (HAWADA
SARE)
10.1 BAHO CADCEEDEED

 Qeexaan baho cadceed
 Ka doodaan sagaalka meere ee baho cadceedka
 Taxaan qaybaha ugu waaweyn ee baho cadceedeedku
sameysanyihiin
 Gartaan jiritaanka meerayaal kale
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maxtax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha

sharaxeen micnaha baho cadceed
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha magabeen hana
taxeen sagaalka baho cadceed
bandhigeen waxa uu ka kooban yahay baho cadceed
Habka Qiimaynt lagu taliyey

 Bandhigid
129
10.2 DAYAXA IYO QORAX MADOOBAAD

 Sharaxaan sida qorax iyo dayax madoobaadku u dhaco
 Sawiraan oo ku sumadeeyan sawirka sida loo muujiyo:
 Dayax madoobaad
 Qorax madoobaad
 Gartaan jiritaanka meerayaal kale iyo magacayadooda

sida dayax iyo qorax madoobaadku u dhaco
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ku soo badhigeen
shaxano si ay u soo jeediyaan qorax iyo dayax madoobaadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha baareen
jiritaan meereyaal kale iyo magacyadooda
Habka Qiimaynta lagu taliyey
 Cilmi baaris koobans

 Bandhigid
 Imtixaano qoran
130
11 DEEGAANKA
11.1 DIKHAWGA HAWADDA

 Qeexaan dikhawga hawada
 Taxaan waxyaalaha sababa dikhawga hawada
 Sharaxaan sida qiiqa iyo kiimikadu ay wasakhayso hawada
 Tixgaliyaan dhibaatooyinka sababa dikhawga hawada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta , bartayaashu ha sharaxeen

dikhawga hawada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha tilmaameen
waxyaaba sababa dikhawga hawada
sida kiimikaalka ka dhasha shidaal uu u keeno dikhawga hawada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha sawireen
sawiro muujinaya sida hawadu u dikhawdo
 Masxkax-tuujin
 Bandhigid
 Indha- indhayn
131
11.2 DIKHAWGA DEEGAANKA

 Micneeyaan dikhawga deegaanka
 Qeexaan waxa ku dhaca deegaan markii uu dikhow noqdo
 Ku wacyi galiyaan dadka ka ilaalinta deegaanka dikhawga

micnaha dikhawga deegaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha ka doodeen sida
hawl qabadyada dadku u wasakheeyaan deegaanka
sawiro ka turjumaaya ilaalinta deegaanka

 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
132
11.3 DIKHAWGA CARRADA

 Qeexaan micnaha dikhawga carrada
 Sheegaan waxa sababa dikhawga carrada
 Taxaan hababka looga hortagi karo dikhawga hawada
 Ku wacyi galiyaan dadka waxyeelada dikhawga carrada

dikhawga carrada
waxyaabaha sababa oo masuulka ka ah dikhawga carrada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha soo
bandhigeen habab cusub oo looga hortagi karo dikhawga carrada ee
deegaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha sawireen sawiro
muujinaya sida hawl-qabadyada dadku u wasakheeyaan carrada
 Masxkax-tuujin
 Bandhigid
133
12 BEERAHA
12.1 DHAQASHO

 Qeexaan micnaha daaqa
 Kala saaraan kala duwanaanshaha u dhaxeeya xoolo dhaqasho iyo
xoolo dhaqato
 Kala soocaan noocyada xoolaha ee soomaalidu dhaqato
 Garawsadaan saameynta daaqa xad-dhaafka ay u leedahay
deegaanka

doodeen hana sharaxeen kala duwanaasha u dhaxeeya dhaqashada
iyo xoolo dhaqatada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha soo
bandhigeen noocyada kala duwan ee xoolaha soomaalidu dhaqato
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha ku soo
bandhigaan kaarar walacsiin sida daaqa xad-dhaafka u saameeyo
deegaanka
doodooda diirada ha ku saareen deegaanada hada liita iyo waxa
sababa iyo sidii loo xallin laha
 Bandhigid
134
12.2 CUDURADA XAYAWAANKA LA YAQAAN

 Magacaabaan dulinada xawaanada la yaqaan
 Qeexaan cudurada xayawaanka la yaqaan
 Tilmaamaan hababka lagu yareeyo dulinka xayawaanka iyo sida loogu
daaweeyo cudurada xayawaanka
 Ku wacyi galiyaan dadka hababka loo yareyn karo dulinka
xayawaanka iyo sida looga daaweeyo xayawaanka cudurka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta , bartayaashu ha

sheegeen magacyada dulinada xayawaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha tilmaameen
noocyada kala duwan ee cudurada xayawaanka laga helo deegaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha doodeen
hababka lagu daaweeyo laguna yareeyo infakshinka dulinka ku dhaca
xayawaanka
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
135
13. DANAB IYO BIR-LABAYN
13.1 HORUDHACA BIR-LABAYNTA

 Qeex bir-labaynta
 Kala saaraan walxaha birlabta leh iyo kuwa aan lahayn
 Ka baaraan birlabta cirifka waqooyi iyo kan koofureen
 Soo bandhigaan oo sharaxaan sharciga birlabta
 Sameeyaan dabagal sababta jiho tilmaamuhu ama birlabta
heehaabta ay markasta u tilmaanto cirifka waqooyi juqoraafi ahaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maxkax-tuujinta , bartayaashu ha

qeexeen bir-labaynta
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha tilmaameen kala
saareen bilabta leh iyo kuwa aan lahayn adigoo adeegsanaya tusaalooyin
iyo tijaabooyin
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha baareen hana
tilmaameen cirifyada waqooyi iyo koonfur iyagoo adeegsanay gacan-ka
qabyo (tusaale: birlabta heehaabta ay markasta u tilmaanto cirifka
waqooyi juqoraafi ahaan.)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan ka-qabadyada , bartayaashu ha soo
bandhigeen hana sharaxeen sharciga birlabaynta “ cirifyada isku jaadka
wey kala carara kuwa kala jaadka ahna way isasoo jiitaan”
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed , bartayaashu ha kala doodeen
asxaabtooda ama waalidkood , si loo sameeyo dabagal sababta jiho
tilmaamaha ama birlabta ay markasta u tilmaamto cirifka waqooyi
juqoraafi ahaan
 Dood kooxeed
 Qiimayn gacan ka-qabadyo
136
13.2 HORUDHACA DANABNEG

 Indha-indheeyaan oo ka doodaan waxa sababa iftiinka iyo
jabaqda markii la iska bixinaayo dharka layloonka ah
 Ha ku cadeeyaan tijaabo in danabku uu u jiro labo xaaladood:
nabad togan iyo danab taban
 Garowsadaan oo sharaxaan sharciga danabka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha

indha-indheeyeen hana ka doodeen waxa sababa iftiinka iyo
jabaqda markii la iska bixinaayo dharka layloonka ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha ku
cadeeyeen gacan ka-qabadyo in danabku u jiro labo xaaladood:
danab togan iyo danad taban
garowsadeen hana ka doodeen sharciga danabka iyagoo ku
muujinaya tijaabo sida “cirifyada isku jaadka wey kala carara
kuwa kala jaadka ahna way isasoo jiitaan”
 Shaqo guri
 Bandhigid
137
14. MAATAR
14.1 KALA SAARIDA WALXAHA ISKU JIRRKA

 Qeex isku jira
 Qeexaan hababka loo kala saaro isku jira
 Tijaabi oo kala saar qaar kamid ah walxo isku jira
 Gartaan in walxuhu ay ku kala duwanyihiin sida ay isugu qasanyihiin
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha sharaxeen

micnaha isku jir
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta , bartayaashu ha taxeen
hababka lagu kala saaro walxaha isku jira
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha tijaabiyeen siday
ku kala saari lahaayeen kuwan :
 Ciid iyo biyo
 Cusbo iyo ciid
 Etanool iyo biyo
 Masxkax-tuujin
 Tijaabo
 Bandhigid
138
14.2 CURIYE IYO ISKUDHIS
 Sharaxaan kala duwanaanshaha u dhaxeeya curiye iyo iskudhis
 Taxaan qaar ka mid ah curiyaasha iyo sumadooda ( tusaale:
haydarijiin-H, kaarboon-C , iwm)
 Sheegaan magacyada qaar ka mid ah iskudhisyada iyo sumadooda (
tusaale; soodiyam koloraydh-NaCl, Biyo- H2O, iwm)
 Ku mahadiyaan in curiyayaal isla falgalay ay sameeyaan iskudhis
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha isbarbar
dhigeen kala duwanaansha curiyahayaasha iyo iskudhisyada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha samayeen tax
curiyayaasha, iskudhisyada iyo sumadooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha qoreen
falgalyo sahlan iyagoo isku daraya curiyayaal kala duwan si loo
abuuro iskudhisyo
 Bandhigid
 Masxkax-tuujin
139
FASALKA TODOBAAD
1.1 CUDURADA CAANKA AH EE KA DHASHA HAWADA

 Qeexaan cudarada caanka ka ee dhasha hawada
 Taxaan cudurada ku faafa hawada
 Sheegaan astaamaha lagu garto cudarada ka dhasha dabaysha
 U Gudbiyaan bulshada fariimaha muhiimka ah ee ku aaddan
cudurada ka dhasha hawada

sharaxaan micnaha cudurada ka dhasha hawada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha magacabeen
qaar ka mid ah cudurada ka dhasha hawada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha tilmaameen
jeermis sababa cudurada ka dhasha hawada ee deegaanka
sawir kaasoo lagu soo bandhigaayo astaamaha lagu garto cudurada ka
dhasha hawada
Hababka Qiimaynta lagu taliyey
 Maskax-tuujin
 Xog-baaris
 Bandhigid
140
1.2 CUDURADA CAANKA AH EE KA DHASHA BIYAHA

 Qeexaan cudurada caanka ee ka dhasha biyaha
 Tilmaamaan qaar ka mid ah cudarada ka dhasha biyaha
 Qeexaan astaamaha lagu garto cudurada ka dhasha biyaha
 Indha-indheeyaan oo baaraan ilaha biyaha isla markaana ku
ilaaliyaan nadaafada
 U gudbiyaan bulshada fariimo ku aadan cudurada ka dhasha biyaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskaxtuujinta , bartayaashu ha

sharaxeen cudurada ka dhasha biyaha ee layaqaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka booqosha cilmiyaysan , bartayaashu ha
booqdeen xarumaha caafimaadka si ay u ogaadaan cudurada ka
dhasha biyaha
astaamaaha lagu garto cudurada ka dhasha biyaha
kormeereen ilaha biyaha ee deegaankooda hana ku ilaaliyeen
nadaafadooda
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Shaqo guri
141
1.3 WAXYAALAHA SABABA CUDURADA KA DHASHA
HAWADA IYO BIYAHA

 Sheeg waxyaabaha sababa cudurada ka dhasha hawada iyo biyaha
 Sameeyaan sawiro si u muujiyaan waxyaabaha sababa cudarada ka
dhasha hawada iyo biyaha
 Indha-indheeyaan oo kaydiyaan hormarka caafimaad ee ka jira qoyska
iyo bulshada deegaanka
 Siiyaan tixgalin jiritaan cudurada ka jira bulshada deegaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskaxtuujinta , bartayaashu ha taxeen

waxyaaba sababa cudurada ka dhasha hawada iyo biyaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka booqashada cilmiyaysan, bartayaashu ha
booqdeen dhakhtar si uu u siiyo warbixin ku saabsan waxyaaba keena
cudurada ka dhasha hawada iyo biyaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed , bartayaashu ha ku dabakheen
caafimaadka wanaagsan iyo fayodhowrka gurigooda iyo Dugsigooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha sameeyeen
farriimo ku aaddan caafimaadka guryahooda iyo bulshadaba
 Maskax-tuujin
 Booqasho cilmiysan
 Bandhigid
142
1.4 KA HORTAGGA CUDURADA KA DHASHA HAWADA
IYO BIYAHA

 Sharraxaan siyaabaha looga hortegi karo cudarada ka dhasha hawada
iyo biyaha
 Garawsadaan waxtaarka fayadhowrka qofka iyo cafimaadka
wanaagsan si looga hortago cudurada
 Garawsadaan waxtarka daawada iyo tallaalka si looga hortago
cudurada
 Baaraan noocyada cudurada tallaalka looga hortagi karo
 Ku dabakhaan caafimaadka wanaagsan iyo nadaafadda gurigooda iyo
dugsigooda

tilmaameen siyaabaha looga hortagi karo cudurada
waxtarka daawada iyo tallaalka si looga hortago cudurada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha booqdeen
cisbitaalka si ay u raadiyaan noocyada cudurada tallaalka looga
hortagi karo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha ku
wacyigaliyeen dadka kale si loogu dhiirigaliyo cafimaadka wanaagsan
iyo nadaafadda gurigooda iyo dugsigooda
 Boqasho cilmiyeysan
 Bandhigid
 Maskax-tuujin
143
2. XAYAWAANKA
2.1 HABDHISKA QASHINSAARKA DADKA
2.1.1 QAABKA HABDHISKA QASHINSAARKA DADKA

 Magacaabaan xubnaha ugu muhiimsan ee habdhiska qashinsaarka dadka
 Sawiraan oo ku calaamadeyaan qaabka habdhiska qashinsaarka dadka
 Ogaadaan qiimaha habdhiska qashinsaarku ugu fadhiyo jirka dadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha tilmaameen

xubnaha habdhiska qashinsaarka dadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta , bartayaashu ha ka
doodeen qaabka habdhiska qashinsaarka dadka
qaabka xubnaha qashinsaarka dadka
 Bandhigid
 Layli fasal iyo shaqo guri
144
2.1.2 SHAQOOYINKA HABDHISKA QASHINSAARKA DADKA

 Sharraxaan shaqooyinka qaabka habdhiska qashinsaarka dadka
 Qeexaan sida shaqooyinka xubnahu isugu xiran yihiin
 Ka warqabaan habdhiska qashinsaarka iyo shaqooyinkiisa

doodeen shaqooyinka habdhiska qashinsaarka dadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha soo
bandhigeen waxtarka habdishka qashinsaarka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha sharexeen sida
shaqooyinka xubnaha ay isugu xiran yihiin
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Layli fasal
145
2.2 HABDHISKA WAREEGGA DHIIGGA DADKA
2.2.1 QAABKA IYO SHAQOOYINKA HABDHISKA WAREEGGA
DHIIGGA DADKA

 Magacaabaan qaybaha habdhiska wareegga dhiigga dadka
 Bandhigaan qaabka habdhiska wareegga dhiigga dadka
 Sawiraan oo ku calaamadeeyaan qaybaha habdhiska wareegga
dhiigga dadka
 Sharaxaan shaqooyinka ugu waaweyn ee wareegga dhiigga dadka
 Ku baraarugsanadaan waxtarka habdhiska wareegga dhiigga dadka
uu u leeyahay nolosha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha magacabeen

qaybaha habdhiska wareegga dhiigga dadka
doodeen qaabka habdhiska wareegga dhiigga dadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha sawiraan hana ku
calaamadiyaan qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee habdhiska wareegga dhiigga
dadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawiridda , bartayaashu ha sharaxeen
shaqooyinka habdhiska wareegga dhiigga

 Xog-baaris
 Bandhigid
 Layli fasal
146
2.2.2 SHAQOOYINKA DHIIGGA
 Tilmaamaan unugyada dhiigga

 Sheegaan shaqooyinka unugyada dhiigga dadka
 Qeexaan noocyada dhiigga
 Kala saaraan lid-jid-gale (antibody) iyo lid-jid-dhaliye (antigen)
 U tixgaliyaan dadk u baahan dhiigga si sadaqo ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha sheegeen

noocyada unugyada dhiigga
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha baareen xididka
wadnaha la iyagoo taabanaya xididka si ay u tiriyaan dhag dhagtiisa
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan ka-qabadyadda, bartayaashu ha
lafagureen kala duwanaashaha noocyada dhiigga
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawiridda, bartayaashu ha kala
saareen lid-jid-gale iyo lid-jid-dhaliye iyaga isticmalaya kaarar walacsiin
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka door ciyaaridda, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen
siday uga digtoonaan lahayeen cudurada laga qaado shubitaanka
dhiigga
 Xog-baaris
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
147
3. DHIRTA
3.1 FAXLIDDA

 Micneeyaan faxlidda
 Tilmaamaan noocyada faxlida
 Taxaan noocyada faxal qaadayaasha
 Sharaxaan sida faxalku uga dhaco dhirta ubaxlayda ah
 Garawsadaan faaiidada faxalku u leeyhay ubaxyada ama dhirta
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta , bartayaashu ha ka doodeen

micnaha faxalka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawirridda , bartayaashu ha
daraasadeeyeen nuxurka faxalka ee dhirta ubaxlayda ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha ku soo
bandhigeen shaxano noocyada faxalka iyo faxal sidaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha baareen sida
faxalku ugu dhaco ubaxyada
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Layli fasal
 Shaqo guri
148
3.2 BACRIMINTA

 Qeexaan bacrimintu waxa ay tahay
 Tilmaamaan meesha bacrimintu ka dhacdo dhidiga ee ubaxa
 Qeexaan qaybta dhedigga ubaxa ee isu baddesha miro
 Ogsoonaadaan si ay u xaqiijiyaan in iniintu ay ka dhalato bacriminta
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan ka qabyadda , bartayaashu ha ka

doodeen micnaha bacrimin
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha sawireen hana
qeexeen sida iyo meesha ay bacrimintu ka dhacdo ee ubaxa
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha sharaxeen sida
qaybta dhedigga ubaxa ay isugu badasho iniin
 Xog-baaris
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
149
3.3 MIRAHA IYO INIINYAHA

 Qeex erayadaan soo socda :
 Iniinyo
 Miro
 Tilmaamaan waxtarka iniinyaha iyo miraha
 Xiiseeyaan macaanka miraha iyo iniinaha lacuna

sharaxeen micnaha iniinaha iyo miraha
isbarbardhigeen miraha iyo iniinaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha ka
doodeen waxtarka miraha iyo iniinaha
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Shaqo guri
150
3.4 FIRDHINTA INIINYAHA

 Qeexaan micnaha iniin firdhin
 Tilmaamaan walxaha firdhiya iniinta
 Qeexaan siyaabaha kala duwan ee firdhinta iniinta
 Ku farxaan in firdhinta iniinta ay keento dhir kala duwan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta , bartayaashu ha ka doodeen

micnaha firdhinta iniinyaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha indha-indheeyeen
hana lafagureen kuwaan soo socda:
 Walxaha firdhiya iniinyaha
 Siyaabaha loo firdhiyo iniinyaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha sameeyeen
booqasho cilmiyaysan si ay u indha-indheeyaan oo uga qoraan warbixin
dhir kala duwan
 Xog-baaris
 Bandhigid
 Layli fasal
151
3.5 BIQLIDDA INIINTA

 Qeexaan micnaha biqlid
 Tilmaamaam waxyaaba saameeya biqlidda
 Kala saaraan noocyada biqlidda
 U mahadnaqaan in biqliddu at tahay bilowga koritaanka geedka

sharaxeen micnaha biqlidda
waxyaabaha saameeya biqlidda iniinyaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha ku beereen
dhowr iniinood deegaanka dugsiga si ay u indha-indheeyaan
isbeddelka ku dhaca biqlidda iniinyaha
 Bandhigid
152
4. BIYO
4.1 HABABKA LOO QABTO OO LOO KAYDIYO BIYAHA

 Tilmaamaan labada xilli ee roobku ka da’o Soomaaliya
 Sharraxaan waxtarka qabashada iyo kaydinta biyaha
 Qeexaan Hababka loo qabto oo loo kaydiyo biyaha
 Ku waaniyaan bulshada kaydinta biyaha in ay muhiimtahay

tilmaameen xilliyada roobka ee Soomaaliya
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha ka doodeed
siyaabaha kala duwan ee loo qabto loona kaydin karo biyaha roobka
bulshada deegaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed , bartayaashu ha qeexeen
waxtarka qabashada iyo kaydinta biyaha roobka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha booqdeen
meelaha bulshadu ku kaydsato biyaha roobka
 Bandhigid
 Maskax-tuujin
 Shaqo guri
153
4.2 DIQAWGA BIYAHA

 Qeexaan erayga diqawga biyaha
 Tilmaamaan waxyaabaha ugu waaweyn ee sababab diqawga biyaha
 Qeexaan hababka looga nadiifiyo diqawga biyaha
 Walaac ka muujiyaan biyaha wasakhaysan ee bulshada

sharexeen diqawga biyaha
waxyaabaha ugu waaweyn ee sababa diqawga biyaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka booqasho cilmiyaysan , bartayaashu ha
booqdeen ceelasha biyaha ku xeeran deegaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed , bartayaashu ha isticmaaleen
habab kala duwan ee lagu sifeeyo biyaha wasakhaysan sida
- miirid
- Karkarin
- Xareedayn
- Adeegsi kiimikaad
 Booqasho cilmiyaysan
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
154
5. ILAYS
5.1 ILAYS NOQODKA

 Qeexaan micnaha ilays noqodka
 Sawiraan oo isbarbardhigaan xagalaha falaar-abaar iyo falaar-noqod
 Ku qancaan oo xaliyaan xisaabaadka la xiriira ilays noqodka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha qeexeen

micnaha ilays noqodka
sawireen oo is barbardigeen falaar-abaar iyo falaar-noqod
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha xaliyeen
xisaabaadka sahlan ee loo isticmaalo isle’egyada ilays noqodka
 Isqiimayn
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
155
5.2 QALLOOCSANKA ILAYS

 Sharraxaan qalloocsanka ilays markuu uga dhex gudbaayo walax
walax kale
 Indha-indheeyaan oo sharraxaan saameynta qallooscanka ilays
isagoo dhexmaraya walxo kala duwan sida ( biyo, birisam, iwm)
 Kor u qaadaan xirfadooda si ay u sameeyaan qaanso roobaad iyagoo
adeedsanaya ilayska tooshka iyo birisamka
 Gobaadiyaan in qaanso roobaadku ay ka mid tahay qalloocsanka ilays

sharexeen marka alloocsanka ilays uga gudbaayo walax walax kale
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha indha-
indheeyeen hana sharaxeen sida qalloocsanka ilays u saameeyo
walxa kala duwan iyagoo adeegsanaya gacan ka qabadyo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu si ay kor ugu
qaadaan xirfadooda ha sameeyeen qaanso roobaad iyagoo
adeegsanaya ilayska toosh iyo birisam
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed , bartayaashu ha indha-
indheeyeen qaanso roobaadka cirka si ay uga sameeyaan indha-
indhaytooda warbixin
 Bandhigid
 Warbixin
156
6. HAWSHA IYO TAMARTA
6.1 NOOCYADA TAMARTA

 Ka doodaan tamarta
 Abla-ableeyaan oo sharraxaan noocyada kala duwan ee tamarta
(tusaale: ilays, makaaniko, kiimiko, cadceed, iwm)
 Garawsadaan oo sharraxaan waxtarka tamartu u leedahay noolaha

doodeen tamarta iyagoo adeegsanaya tusalooyinka ku xeeran
deegaankooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha abla-
ableeyeen hana sharraxeen noocyada kala duwan ee tamarta sida:
ilayska, kulka, makaanikada. kiimikada, korantada, cadceedda, iwm
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha sharexeen
waxtarka tamartu ee nolosha iyagoo adeegsanaya tusaalooyinka ku
xeeran deegaankooda
 Bandhigid
 Isqiimayn
 Shaqo guri
157
6.2 DOORSOONKA TAMARTA

 Qeexaan doorsoonka tamarta
 Sheegaan xeerka waaridda tamarta
 Garawsadaan sababta ay muhiim u tahay waaridda tamartu

qeexeen tamar doorsoomidda iyagoo keenaya tuslooyin taabanaya
noloshooda
doodeen hana sheegeen xeerka waaridda tamarta
sababta tamarta u waarto
 Bandhigid
 Isqiimayn
158
7. CIMILO IYO CIMILO GOOREED
7.1 GIBILKA

 Qeexaan erayadaan soo socda :
 Gibil
 Cadaadiska gibilka
 Huur
 heerkul
 Magacaabaan walaxda lagu cabbiro huurka
 Gartaan xaaladaha kala duwan ee gibilka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta , bartayaashu ha indha-

indheeyeen hana ka doodeen huurku inuu yahay xaddiga uumi biyoodka
ee hawada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha qeexeen
heerkulka hawada, huurka iyo cadaadiska hawada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha sharaxeen
cabbiraada cadaadiska hawada iyo heerkulka

 Shaqo guri
159
7.2 QALABKA LAGA HELO XARUMAHA CIMILO
GOOREEDKA

 Magacaabaan oo taxaan qalabka xarumaha cimilo gooreedka
 Tilmaamaan sida loo cabbiro xaddiga hawada ee laga heli karo
gibilka
 Qeexaan cabbiraada cadaadiska hawada iyagoo isticmalaya
cadaadis beeg
 Soo bandhigaan heerkulka hawada iyagoo adeegsanay heerkul
beeg
 Garawsadaan dabakhidda sida loo cabbiro xaddiga hawada ee
gibilka ina ku xeeran

sheegeen oo hana taxeen aaladaha cimilo gooreedka
aruuriyeen hana ka doodeen xogta cimilo gooreedka kadibna
warbixin ha ka sameeyaan
fuliyeen gacan ka qabadyo sida loo cabbiro cadaadiska , heerkulka
iyagoo adeegsanaya cadaadi-beeg iyo heerkul-beeg siday u kala
horeeyaan
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris –booqasho cilmiyaysan
 Imtixaan
160
8. DEEGAANKA
8.1 DIB-U-ADEEGSIGA WALXAHA QASHINKA EE
DEEGAANKA

 Sharraxaan sida loo samayn karo isticmaal wanaagsan walxaha
qashinka deegaanka
 Qeeexaan sida qaar ka mid ah walaxaha deegaanka loo isticmaali karo
 Sheegaan waxtarka adeegsiga walxaha qashinka deegaanka
 U mahadnaqaan oo xiiseeyaan waxtarka adeegsiga wanaagsan ee
walxaha qashinka deegaanka

sida si wanaagsan loogu adeegsado walaxa qashinka deegaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskaxtuujinta, bartayaashu ha sharaxeen
waxtarka adeegsiga walxaha qashinka deegaanka
sida birta gawaarida burburtay dib u habyn looga sameeyay karo
dhibaatooyinka ay keento walxaha qashinka deegaanka ka hor intaan dib
uhabayn lagu samayn
 Bandhigid
 Maskax-tuujin
 Shaqo guri
161
8.2 DIB-U-HABAYNTA XAASHIYAHA

 Qeexeen dib uhabaynta xaanshiya
 Qeexaan habka dib loogu habeeyo xaanshiyaha si looga sameeyo
xaanshiyo iyo buqshado
 Indha-indheeyaan sida xaanshiyaha la tuuray dib loogu habayn karo si
dadku u isticmaalo
 Siiyaan tixgalin lana wadaagaan faa’iidooyinka kale ee dib u habaynta
xaanshiyaha

nuxurka dib u habaynta xaanshiyaha
waxtarka dib u habaynta xaanshiyaha la tuuray si dadku u isticmaalo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha sawireed habka
dib habayn loogu sameeyo xaanshiyo iyo boqshado
 Maskax-tuujin
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
162
8.3 DIB-U-HABAYNTA CAAGAGGA

 Qeexaan dibna u habeeyaan walxaha bacaha ah
 Qeexaan sida bacaha la tuuray dib loogu habeeyo si dadku u isticmaalo
 Tixgaliyaan dib u habaynta bacaha

micnaha dib u habaynta bacaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha soo bandhigeen
sida dib loogu habeeyo bacaha iyagoo adeegsana shaxano
faa’iida dib u habaynta walxaha
 Xog-baaris
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
163
9. BEERAHA
9.1 DIYAARINTA DHULKA

 Qeexaan siyaabaha loogu diyaariyo dhulka in dhir lagu beero
 Tilmaamaan sida loo simo loona falo dhulka
 Ka doodaan habka looga xaaqo cawska iyo geedgaabka
 Sharraxaan sida beer yar ugu wanaagsan tahay dakhliga qoyska

sharaxeen siyaabaha loogu diyaarin karo dhulka in dhir lagu beero
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka gacan ka-qabyadka , bartayaashu ha soo
bandhigeen simmida iyo falashadu u dhacdo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka nuxur sawiridda , bartayaashu ha ka
doodeen sida loo xaaqo cawska iyo geedgaabka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha soo bandhigeen
sida loo bilaabi karo beer yar si looga helo dakhli qoys
 Xog-baaris
 Bandhigid
 Layli fasal
 Shaqo guri
164
9.2 BEERASHO

 Qeexaan nuxurka saaladda
 Qeexaan sida loo banneeyo dhulku, loo goosto, loo kaydiyo miraha
 Ka doodaan sababta miraha qaar ay u baxaan kuwa kalana aysan uga
bixin deegaankooda
 Ku dabakhaan aqoonta noloshooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta , bartayaashu ha indha-

indheeyeen hana ka doodeen xaqiiqooyinkan soo socda:
 Digadu in ay u fiicantahay miraha;
 Bannaynta geedka in kor u qaadayso wax soo saarka ;
 Geeda jarku in uu yahay muhiim;
 Samaynta si wanaagsan u kaydinta miraha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ku soo bandhigeen
shaxano sida loo banneeyo, loo goosto, loo kaydiyo miraha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed , bartayaashu ha lafagureen
hana soo bandhigeen sababta miraha qaar ay u koraan kuwa kalana aysan u
korin deegaankooda
 Xog-baaris
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
165
10 XOOGGAGGA IYO SOCODKA
10.1 HURUDHACA XOOGGA

 Qeexaan xoog
 Ka doodaan saameynta xoogga
 Garawsadaan oo ka bixiyaan tusaalooyin kala duwan xooggagga

qeexeen xoogga sida riixidda ama jiididda
doodeen saameynta xoogga
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed , bartayaashu ha tijaabiyeen
riixidda ama jiididda si ay u gartaan saameynta xoogga iyo noocyada
xooggagga kala duwan
 Isqiimayn
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
166
10.2 XOOGGA ISLISKA

 Qeexaan isliska
 Tilmaamaan oo ha isbarbar dhigaan faa’iidada iyo khasaarada isliska
 Ka warqabaan qiimaha islisku nolasha u leeyahay
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha qeexeen

islis iyagoo adeegsanaya gacan ka qabadyo
oo isbarbar dhigeen faa’iida iyo khasaaraha isliska
doodeen qiimaha islisku uu u leeyahay nolosha tusaale: caawinta
socodka, caawinta joojinta gawaarida, iwm
 Isqiimayn
 Bandhigid
167
10.3 YAREYNTA ISLISKA

 Sharraxaan nuxurka yareynta isliska
 Tilmaamaan oo ka doodaan walxaha yareeya isliska
 Garwaaqsadaan in saliidayntu tahay yareeyaha ugu weyn isliska

nuxurka yareynta isliska
tilmaameen hana ka doodeen walxaha lagu yareyn karo isliska
saliidayntu in ay tahay yareeyaha ugu weyn isliska
 Bandhigid
 Layli fasal
168
10.4 CADAADISKA

 Qeexeen cadaadis iyagoo adeegsanaya tusaalooyinka ku xeeran
deegaanka
 Kala saaraan oo ka doodaan tusaalooyinka cadaadis sare iyo kan
hoose
 Isticmaalaan qaacidada si loo xisaabiyo cadaadiska
 Kor u qaadaan kalsoonida isticmaalka qaacidada cadaadiska si loo
xisaabiyo cadaadiska
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta , bartayaashu ha qeexeen

cadaadiska iyagoo isticmaalaaya tusaalooyinka ku xeeran sida cagta awrka,
middi afaysan, iwm
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen oo ha
u kala saareen tusaalooyinka la keenay sida cadaadiska sare iyo kan hoose
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed iyo shaqisiyeed , bartayaashu ha
adeegsadaan qaacidada asaaska ah si loogu xisaabiyo cadaadiska
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu kor ha u
qaadeen kalsoonidooda xisaabinta cadaadis iyagoo samaynaya xisaabaad
badan

 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
169
11 DANABKA IYO BIRLABTA
11.1 KA BADBAADIDA WAXYEELADA KORANTADA

 Qeexaan siyaabaha lagu lagu taxadari karo aaladaha korantada
 Sharraxaan sida loola dhaqmo qof korantaysan
 Tilmaamaan oo ku baraarugsanadaan calaamadaha korantada sida
waraaqda lifaaqa qalabka korantada

qeexeen siyaabaha looga taxadari karo aaladaha korantada
doodeen hana sharexeen sida loo badbaadiyo qof korantaysan
hana ku bararaarugsandaan calaamadaha korantada sida waraaqda
lifaaqa qalabka korantada
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
170
11.2 MAREEGTA KORANTADA FUDUD

 Dhisaan mareeg koronto si gacan ka qabadyo ah iyo sida ay u
shaqeyso
 Baaraan saameynta qaar ka mid ah doorsoomayaasha mareegta iyo
wixii ka soo baxa:
 Tirada batariyada (oo u habaysan isdabayaal iyo barbarro)
 Tirada laambadaha (oo u habaysan isdabayaal iyo barbarro)
 Xisaabiyaan maayadda , fooltayjka, caabiga iyagoo adeegsanaya
isle’egyo ku habboon
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha dhiseen

mareegaha korantada fudud iyo sida ay u shaqeeyaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo laammaaneed, bartayaashu ha Baaraan
saameynta qaar ka mid ah doorsoomayaasha mareegta iyo wixii ka soo
baxa iyagoo adeegsanaya tirada batariyadda (oo u habaysan isdabayaal iyo
barbarro) iyo tirada laambadaha (oo u habaysan isdabayaal iyo barbarro)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha xisaabiyeen
maayadda, fooltayjka iyo caabiga iyagoo adeegsanaya isle’egyo ku
habboon

 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
171
12 MAATAR
12.1 CULAYS, MUG IYO CUFNAAN
 Qeexaan cufnaanta iyo mugga
 Xisaabiyaan culays, mug, iyo cufnaan walxo kala duwan
 Soo saar mugga walxo qaabsan iyo kuwo aan qaabsanayn iyagoo
adeegsanay qalabka xisaabta
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha xisaabiyeen

mugga walxaha qaabsan iyo kuwa aan qaabsanyn, raadi culayskooda
iyo cufnaantooda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha isbarbardhigeen
cufnaanta walxaha ku sabbeeya biyaha iyadoo la eegayo cufnaanta
biyaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha isticmaaleen
walxaha qaabsan si loo xisaabiyo culayska , mugga iyo cufnaanta
iyagoo adeegsanya CUFNAANTA=CULAYS/MUG
 Bandhigid
 Layli fasal
172
12.2 TUSAHA KALGALKA CURIYEYAASHA CASRIGA AH

 Qeexaan tusaha kalgalka curiyeyaasha casriga ah
 Qeexaan in curiyayaasha ku jira tusaha kalgalka ay u habaysan yihiin
kooxo iyo kalal
 Tilmaamaan wadarta kooxaha iyo kalalka
 Ku qancaan waxtarka abla-ablaynta kalgalka

sharexeen tusaha kalgalka casriga ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha tiriyeen tirada
kooxaha iyo kalalka ee tusaha kalgalka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha
magacaabeen koox kasta ee tusaha kalgalka ku jirta
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha diyaariyeen
shaxano ku sawiran tusaha kalgalka ah
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Shaqo guri
173
12.3 BIRAHA IYO BIRMA-AHEYAASHA

 Sharraxaan astaamaha biraha iyo birma-aheyaasha
 Taxaan magacyada iyo sumadaha qaar ka mid ah biraha iyo birma-
aheyaasha iyo
 Ku Kala saaraan biro iyo birma-aheyaasha astaantooda duleed iyo
mida kiimikaadeed

doodeen astaamaha biraha iyo birma-aheyaasha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha keeneen
tusaalooyin biro iyo birma-aheyaasha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha ku kala
saareen biraha iyo birma-aheyaasha astaantooda duleed iyo midda
kiimikaadeed
 Maskax-tuujin
 Bandhigid
174
13 BADBAADINTA IYO GARGAARKA
DEG DEGA AH
13.1 HABRAACYADA BADBAADINTA
 Qeexaan habraacyada lagu badbaadiyo bulshada
 Tilmaamaan calaamada halista iyo micnahooda
 Sharraxaan habraacyada badbaadada guriga
 Magacaabaan habraacyada badbaadada dugsiga
 Taxadar siiyaan summadda iyo calaamadaha socod hayagaha
(samaafaraha) wadooyinka iyo khatartooda

tilmaameen habraacyada caamka ah ee wadooyinka ( tusaale: raacida
calaamada samaafalaha, in aadan ku ciyaarin jidadka, socod ku gudbida
jidka, xiritaanka suunka gaariga, inaad noqotid rakaab feejigan oo
badbaadsan)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha sheegeen
habraacyada caamka ah ee guriga ( tusaale: in aadan taaban bareesada
korantada , inaadan taraq ku shidin foornada gaaska, in aadan taaban
middi ama aalad aad u soofaysan, in aad idan waydiisato walidka
markaad isticmaalayso Internetka)
habraacyada caamka ah ee dugsiga (tusaale: xeerka garoonka, inaad
taqaanid qofka ku caawin kara, habraaca dhulgariirka , habraaca dabka
, soo gudbinta xaaladaha aan ammaanka ahayn, xeerka adeegsiga
Internetka dugsiga)
habraacyada caamka ah ee bulshada ( tusaale: la socodka asxaabta,
raacidda gaari kasta ama kali imaansha guriga, inaad ka taxadarto
xayawaanka aadan aqoon, in aadan qof sirtiis bixin markaad telefoon
175
ama Internetka adeegsanaysid , inaad taqaanid khayaanooyinka
tuugadu isticmaasho)
calaamadaha khatarta ah iyo micnahooda ( tusaale: sunta, walxaha
holca, khataraha) oo ha soo bandhigaan fahanka waxtarka in laga
fogaado walxaha leh summadaha noocaas ah
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
 Xog-baaris
176
FASALKA SIDEEDAAD
1.1 CUDURRADA

 Qeexaan cudur
 Sheegaan cudurrada guud ee la isu gudbiyo iyo kuwa la kala dhaxlo
 Tilmaamaan sida cudurradu ugu fidaan qof ka qof
 Sharraxaan xiriirka ka dhexeeya cudurrada la isu gudbiyo iyo
daroogada
 Gartaan oo fahmaan in cudurrada la isu gudbiyo iyo kuwa la kala
dhaxlaa keeni karaa dhimasho

saareen cudurrada guud ee la isu gudbiyo iyo kuwa la kala dhaxlo
farriimo xambaarsan sida cudurradu ugu fidaan qof ka qof
doodeen xiriirka ka dhexeeya cudurrada la isu gudbiyo iyo daroogada
iyagoo adeegsanaya xaalad-baar
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyadeed, bartayaashu ha baareen
raadka cudurrada la isu gudbiyo iyo kuwa la kala dhaxlo iyagoo
casumaaya takhtar
 Maskax-tuujin
 Xog-baaris
 Bandhigid
177
1.2 CUDURRADA LA ISU GUDBIYO IYO KUWA LA KALA
DHAXLO

 Tilmaamaan astaamaha cudurrada guud ee la isu gudbiyo iyo kuwa la
kala dhaxlo
 Sheegaan waxa sababa cudurrada guud ee la isu gudbiyo iyo kuwa la
kala dhaxlo
 Ka digtoonaadaan astaamaha iyo sababaha cudurrada la isu gudbiyo
iyo kuwa la kala dhaxlo
 Fahmaan sida noolaha ili-ma-qabatayga ahi u keeni karo cudur

noolaha ili-ma-qabatayga ah ee cudurrada keena
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka doodda, bartayaashu ha ka qoraal
qaateen takhtar la casumay hana hana soo bandhigeen maxsuulka
wuxuu ka yiri astaamaha cudurrada guud ee la isu gudbiyo iyo kuwa la
kala dhaxlo
dhiirigaliyaan dadka si ay u caawiyaan dadka la nool cudurka HIV iyo
AIDs
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka jillidda, bartayaashu ha ku wargelinayaan
dadka qodobada sababa cudurrada la isu gudbiyo iyo kuwa la kala
dhaxlo
 Habka Jilidda
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo fasal
178
1.3 KA HORTAGGA IYO ILAALINTA CUDURRADA LA ISU
GUDBIYO

 Helaan habab la isaga ilaaliyo cudurrada la isu gudbiyo
 Indha-indheeyaan waxa Islaamku ka qabo cudurrada galmada la
isugu gudbiyo
 Ku baraarugsanadaan dadkana ku wargeliyaan muhiimadda tallaalku

u leeyahay ummadda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka tabinta-bulshada, bartayaashu ha ku

wargeliyeen bulshada muhiimadda uu tallaalku u leeyahahay dadka
doodeen Islaamku wuxuu ka qabo cudurrada galmada ku fida
shax ay ku soo bandhigayaan sida la isaga ilaaliyo cudurrada la isu
gudbiyo
khatarta cudurrada guud ee la isu gudbiyaa u leeyihiin bulshada
 Bandhigid
 Maskax-tuujin
 Xog-baaris
179
1.4 MAANDOORIYAYAASHA

 Qeexaan maandooriye
 Ka doodaan saameynta maandooriye dadka ku leeyahay
 Gartaan oo fahmaan khatarta culus ee isticmaalka alkolada laga
dhaxlo
 Garawsadaan oo mahadiyaan in daawooyinka la qaato marka
aqoonyahan caafimaad ku taliyo oo keliya

sharraxeen macnaha maandooriye
saameynta maandooriyahu dadka ku leeyahay
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka booqashada cilmiyeysan, bartayaashu ha
barteen saameynta uu ku leeyahay maandooriyuhu nolasha
carruurta darbi-jiifka oo dhuuqda koolada ama shidaalka (batroolka)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha abaabuleen
bulshada si ay uga caawiyaan inay si buuxda u fahmaan isticmaalka
dhabta ah ee daawada
 Booqasho gaaban
 Bandhigid
 Su’aalo iyo Jawaabo
180
1.5 WAXYEELADA IYO KA HORTAGGA
MAANDOORIYAYAASHA

 Soo saaraan saameynta isticmaalka maandooriyaha ( sida: QAADKA)
 Sharraaxaan raadka saameynta dhaqan-dhaqaale ee cunidda qaadka
 Tibaaxaan falalka la adeegsan karo si loo ilaaliyo si qaldan u isticmaalka
maandooriyaha
 Ku qancaan in daawada takhtarku qoray ay muhiim tahay haddii sida ku
habboon loo isticmaalo

saameynta si qaldan u isticmaalka maandooriyaha
doodeen sababta dadku u qaato daawada ama maandooriyaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha baareen
saameynta cunidda qaadku ku leedahay horumarinta dhaqan-dhaqaale
ee bulshada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha muujiyaan
hababka lagu joojin karo cunidda qaadka iyagoo adeegsanaya shaxda
 Xog-baaris
 Maskax-tuujin
 Bandhigid
181
2. UNUGGA IYO WEYNAYSADA
2.1 WEYNAYSADA

 Qeexaan erayga weynayso
 Magacaabaan qaybaha weynaysada sawirka ku muujisan
 Sawiraan jaantus si ay u muujiyaan qaabka weynayso
 Tilmaamaan sida loo isticmaalo weynaysada
 Garwaaqsadaan muhiimadda adeegsiga weynaysada

erayga weynayso
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha sheegeen qaybaha
weynaysada sawirka ku muujisan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha sharraxeen si
gacan-ka-qabad ah sida loo adeegsado weynaysada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha sawireen
qaabka weynaysada hana ku asteeyeen qaybaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu iyagoo faraxsan ha is
dhaafsadeen fikradahooda xilliga gacan-ka-qabadka shaqada
 Xog-baaris
 Bandhigid
 Maskax-tuujin
182
2.2 UNUGGA XAYAWAANKA IYO DHIRTA

 Qeexaan unugga dadka iyo kan xayawaanka
 Kala soocaan waxay ku kala duwan yihiin iyo waxay isaga mid yihiin
unugga dadka iyo kan xayawaanku
 Tilmaamaan qaabka unugga dadka iyo kan xayawaanka
 Muujiyaan inay daneynayaa kala soocidda unugga dadka iyo kan
xayawaanka

unugga dadka iyo kan xayawaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha is barbar
dhigeen waxay ku kala duwan yihiin iyo waxay isaga mid yihiin unugga
dadka iyo kan xayawaanku
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha sawireen
qaabka unugga dadka iyo kan xayawaanka
 Bandhigid
 Maskax-tuujin
 Xog-baaris
183
3. XAYAWAANKA
3.1 HABDHISKA TARANKA DADKA

 Qeexaan habdhiska taranka dadka
 Kala saaraan habdhiska taranka labka iyo dheddigga
 Sharraxaan sida bacrimintu uga dhacdo xubnaha taranka dadka
 Fahmaan heerarka koritaan ee uur-ku-jirtu marto

tilmaameen habdhiska taranka dadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha kala
saareen habdhiska taranka labka iyo dheddigga iyagoo adeegsanaya
sawirro
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha sharraxeen sida
bacriminta dadku u dhacdo
bandhigeen sawirrada xubnaha taranka labka iyo dheddigga hana ku
qoreen magacyadooda iyagoo adeegsanaya waraaqo waaweyn
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
184
3.2 NAAS NUUJINTA

 Qeexaan naas nuujin
 Isbarbar dhigaan ilmo la naas nuujiyey iyo ilmo aan la naas nuujin
 Siiyaan ilmaha fursadda ah in la nuujiyo naaska muddo 2 sano ah
 Gartaan oo fahmaan in caanaha hooyadu muhiim u yahay dhallaanka

qeexeen macnaha naas nuujinta

faa’iidada naas nuujintu ilmaha u leedahay
booqdeen xarunta hooyada iyo dhallaanka (MCH) si ay xog uga
helaan muhiimadda ay leeday naas nuujintu
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha fahmeen
muhiimadda caanaha hooyadu u leeyahay dhallaanka
 Booqasho gaaban
 Bandhigid
185
3.3 TARANKA RAHA

 Qeexaan xubnaha taranka raha
 Sharraxaan sida bacriminta rahu u dhacdo
 Sawiraan meerto nololeedka raha
 Ku qancaan inay la qabsadaan aqoonta taranka raha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha sharraxaan

xubnaha taranka raha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha taxeen
magacyada habka taranka raha iyagoo adeegsanaya qoraal hubiye
doodeen sida ay u dhacdo bacriminta rahu
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha muujiyeen
sawirro meerta nololeedka raha
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Shaqo guri
186
3.4 TARANKA KALLUUNKA
 Qeexaan xubnaha taranka kalluunka
 Taxaan noocyada kalluunka
 Sharraxaan habka isutagga kalluunka
 Daneeyaan in kalluunka oo dhami biyaha ku tarmo

sharraxeen habka isutagga kalluunka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha doodeen hana
u wadaageen waayo-xagga kalluunka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha is barbar
dhigeen habka isutagga kalluunmada kala duwan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha isku aaddiyeen
magacyada kalluunka iyo sawiradooda iyagoo adeegsanaya shaxan
sawireed
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Maskax-tuujin
 Qiimeyn bare
187
3.5 TARANKA SHIMBIRAHA

 Qeexaan xubnaha taranka shimbiraha
 Sharraxaan hababka bacriminta shimbiraha
 Kala saaraan farqiga u dhexeeya ukun dillaacinta dabiiciga ah iyo tan
dad sameega ah
 Ka helaan sida shimbiruhu u tarmaan una ilaashadaan ubadkooda

xubnaha taranka shimbiraha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha sawireen
hab meerto bacrimineedka shimbiraha ee u badan deegaankooda
iyagoo warqadaha sawirka
dillaacinta ukumaha dabiiciga ah iyo kuwa dad sameega ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha soo
booqdeen meelaha shimbiruhu ubadkooda ku ilaaliyaan – buul
shimbireed
 Bandhigid
 Booqasho gaaban
 Xog-baaris
188
4. DHIRTA
4.1 FOOTOOSINTISIS

 Qeexaan habka footoosintisis
 Qoraan isle’egta footloosintisiska iyo neefsashada
 Magacaabaan qodobada saameeya footoosentisiska
 Fahmaaan muhiimadda footoosintisiska iyo habdhiska deegaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha qeexaan

habka footoosintisiska
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ka soo
ururiyeen deegaanka caleemo kala duwan hana sameeyaan tijaabo
ay ku muujinayaan sida karboonka laba oksaydh iyo ileysku muhiim
ugu yihiin footoosintisiska
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu geed ha
dhigeen qol mugdi ah hana baareen saameynta ileysku ku leeyahay
footoosintisiska
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha dareemeen
hana garwaaqsadeen in dhirtu u baahan tahay kaarboon laba
oksaydh, biyo iyo ileys si ay u sameeyso footoosintisis una soo saarto
ogsijiin iyo gulukoos
 Bandhigid
 Maskax-tuujin
 Shaqo guri
189
4.2 HABDHIS-DEEGAAN

 Qeexaan isku xirnaanta habdhis deegaanka
 Kala saaraan farqiga u dhexeeya silsilad cunteed iyo shabakada
cuntada
 Kala soocaan soo-saarayaasha iyo isticmaalayaasha shabakada
cuntada
 Fahmaan in noolaha midba mid kale ku xiran yahay
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha sharraxeen

isku xirnaanta habdhiska deegaanka
booqdeen habdhis deegaaneedka ugu dhow hana soo indha-
indheeyeen isku xirnaanta u dhexeeysa dhirta iyo xayawaanka, hana
ka soo warbixiyeen
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha sawireen silsilad
cunteed iyo shabakada cuntada
silsilad cunteedyada kala duwan ee shabakada cuntada
 Xog-baaris
 Bandhigid
 Booqasho gaaban
190
5. XISAABINTA HAWSHA IYO
TAMARTA
5.1 HAWSHA

 Xusuustaan nuxurka hawsha
 Sharraxaan in hawl la qabto mar kasta oo xoog dhaqaajiyo walax
fogaan go’an
 Ka shaqeeyaan xisaabaadka la xiriira hawsha iyagoo adeegsanaya
isle’egtaan, W = d x f
 Dareemaan qanacsanaan marka ay ka shaqeenayaan masalooyinka la
xiriira hawsha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha soo xasuusteen

nuxurka hawsha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka doodda, bartayaashu ha sharraxeen in
hawl la qabto mar kasta oo xoog dhaqaajiyo walax fogaan go’an
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed iyo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha
xalliyeen xisaabaadka la xiriira hawsha iyagoo adeegsanaya
isle’egtaan, W = d x f
 Bandhigid
191
5.2 TAMARTA

 Xusuustaan nuxurka tamarta
 Sharraxaan isle’egyada tamarta sida, E = mgh iyo E = ½(mv)
 Soo saaraan tamarta iyagoo adeegsanaya isle’egyadan, E = mgh iyo E
= ½(mv)
 Helaan mahadiyaanna in tamar la bixiyey mar kasta oo hawl la qabto
 Hab shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha xasuusteen nuxurka tamarta

 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka doodda, bartayaashu ha sharraxeen
isle’egyada tamarta sida E = mgh iyo E =1/2(mv)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed iyo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha
soo saareen tamarta iyagoo adeegsanaya isle’egyadan, E = mgh iyo E
= ½(mv)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha garteen
una mahadiyeen in tamari baxdo mar kasta oo hawl la qabto
 Bandhigid
 Shaqo guri
192
6. DHULKA IYO DULULAATIGA
(HAWADA SARE)
6.1 DAYAX GACMEEDKA IYO XIDDIGYAHANADA

 Gartaan dayax gacmeedyada iyo xiddigyahanada
 Tilmaamaan shaqooyinka dayax gacmeedyada iyo xiddigyahanada
 Magacaabaan qaybaha gacmeedyada
 Dareemaan muhiimadda gacmeedyada iyo xiddigyahanada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha ku

muujiyeen sawirro sida gacmeedyada u eg yihiin iyo shaqada ay
qabtaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha
magacaabeen qaybaha muhiimka ah ee gacmeedyada iyagoo
adeegsanaya sawirro
muhiimadda ay gacmeedyada u leeyihiin dadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha isu barbar
dhigeen gacmeedyada iyo dayuuradaha, hana soo bandhigeen waxa
u soo baxa
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Shaqo guri
193
6.2 SEEFTA CIRKA, WARAMADA CIRKA IYO XIDGAHA

 Kala saaraan Meerayaasha, Seefaha cirka , waramada cirka iyo
xidgaha
 Magacaabaan xiddigaha magaca dheer ku leh dhaqanka Soomaaliga
iyo meelaha ay dhacaan
 Ku qancaan inay gartaan seefaha cirka iyo xidgaha Soomaalidu
taqaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha indha-

indheyeen habeynkii xiddigaha caanka ah hana soo qoreen meelaha
ay dhacaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha taxeen
meerayaasha iyagoo u eegaya fogaanat aya u jiraan qorraxda sawirna
ku muujinaya
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu
tusaaleyaal ha ka bixiyeen labo seefaha cirka oo dhaqanka
Soomaalida lagu yaqaan hana ka raadiyeen xogtooda waalidka
 Xog-baaris
 Bandhigid
194
7. BEERAHA
7.1 DHAQASHADA XOOLAHA

 Soo helaan noocyada xoolaha lagu dhaqdo deegaanka
 Tilmaamaan waxyaabaha xoolaha laga soo saaro iyo muhiimaddooda
 Sheegaan adeegyada waaweyn ee dhaqashada xayawaanka
 Fahmaan qiimaha xayawaanku u leeyahay dhaqaalaha
Soomaaliya/Puntland
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha qorsheyeen

booqasho geeleyda ugu dhow hana indha-indheeyeen
waxqabadyada ka socda halkaas
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu wareysi ha la
yeesheen geel jiraha iyo ciddii khabiir ku ah:
 Geel daajinta
 Fayadhowrka iyo caafimaadka xoolaha
 Noocyada dulinka xoolaha
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ku muujiyeen
wax soo saarka xollaha warqado waaweyn
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen in
xooluhu yihiin lafdhabarta dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya/Puntland
 Xog-baaris
 Bandhigid
195
7.2 DHAQASHADA DIGAAGGA
 Helaan noocyada digaagga lagu dhaqdo deegaanka
 Tilmaamaan habka ukun dillaacinta dabiiciga ah iyo tan macmalka ah
 Helaan cudurada badanaa ku dhaca digaagga iyo dulinnada digaagga
 Sheegaan raadadka dulinku ku leeyahay digaagga dhaqashada
 Muujiyaan daneyn si ay ugu dhaqdaan digaagga guriga

soo eegeen beer digaagga hana ku dabakheen aqoonta ay bartaan
nolosha dhabta ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ku muujiyeen sida loo
dhiso guriga digaagga lagu dhaqo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha dareemeen
noocyada cudurada digaagga saameeya
ukun dillaacinta dabiiciga ah iyo tan macmalka ah iyagoo sabuuradda
adeegsanaya
 Nuxur sawirid
 Bandhigid
 Booqasho gaaban
 Xog-baaris
196
7.3 DHAQASHADA SHINNIDA

 Sharraxaan erayga dhaqashada shinnida
 Taxaan noocyada xoonka shinida
 Qeexaan habka loo dhowro doolka shinnida iyo habka malab
gurashada
 Horumariyaan kalsoonida dadka ka shaqeeya dhaqashada shinnida
ee deegaankooda

tageen beer shinni dhaqasho hana indha-indheeyeen doolka iyo
shinnida ku jirta, dabadeed ha ka barteen boqorradda shinnida kuwa
kale
hababka gurashada malabka
taxadarka badan ee loo baahan yahay xilliga malab guridda
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha adeegsadeen
aqoontooda hana isku dayeen inay sameeystaan beero malab si ay u
helaan malab daray ah
 Bandhigid
 Nuxur sawirid
 Booqasho gaaban
197
7.4 DHAQASHADA KALLUUNKA

 Helaan ilaha dabiiciga ah ee laga helo kalluunka
 Tilmaamaan hababka diyaarinta kalluumaysiga deegaankooda
 Sharraxaan noocyada kala duwan ee kalluunka ay dadku u
isticmaalaan cunto ahaan
 Ka doodaan muhiimadda kalluumaysigu u leeyahay dadka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha soo booqdeen

beer kalluunka ugu dhow si ay u indha-indheeyaan noocyada
kalluunka meeshaas
saareen noocyada cuntada kalluunku cuno
bandhigeen warqad weyn sida kalluunka loo dabto sawir ahaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha ku
dhiirigeliyeen dadka muhiimadda uu kalluunku u leeyahay
 Booqasho gaaban
 Xog-baaris
 Maskax-tuujin
198
7.5 DALAG BEERID

 Qeexaan macnaha dalag beerid
 Magacaabaan dalagyada ugu caansan ee ka baxa deegaanka
 Sawiraan noocyo kala duwan oo ah dalagga ka baxa deegaanka
 Fahmaan muhimadda dalag beeriddu u leedahay dhaqaalaha

sharraxeen macnaha dalag beeridda
saareen dalagyada aad looga isticmaalo deegaanka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha sawireen
noocyo kala duwan ee dalagga deegaanka
muhiimadda dalag beeriddu u leedahay dhaqaalaha
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Maskax-tuujin
199
8. DANAB IYO BIRLAB
8.1 BADAD BIRLABEED

 Kala gartaan oo soo saaraan walxaha birlabta ah iyo kuwa birlab-ma-
ahe, dabadeedna qeexaan badad birlab
 Tijaabo ahaan ku baaraan ugana doodaan saameynta badada birlabta
 Gartaan soona bandhigaan isasaameynta badad birlab iyo badad
danab
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed oo gacan ka qabadyo ah,

bartayaashu ha kala saareen walxaha birlabka ah iyo kuwa birlab ma
ahe ah, dabadeed ha qeexaan badad
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya gacan ka qabadyadda, bartayaashu ha bareen
hana uga doodeen saameynta badad birlab
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha gartaan
una soo bandhigaan isasaameynta badad birlab iyo mid danab
 Bandhigid
 Su’aalo iyo jawaabo
200
8.2 ADEEGSIGA DANAB BIRLABEEDKA

 Ka doodaan aragtida la xiriirta badada danabka iyo tan birlabta iyo
sida midba mid u saameeyo
 Tilmaamaan, sharraxaanna shaqooyinka danab gambaleeleed, cod
baahiye, cajilad birlabeed, matoor danab, dhaliye danab, iwm
 Qeexaan soona bandhigaan sida wiishka gawaarida fogeeyaa u
shaqeeyo
 Mahadiyaan in wada shaqeynta danabka iyo birlabku muhiim u tahay
hawl maalmeedka

aragtida la xiriirta badada danabka iyo tan birlabta iyo sida midba kan
kale u saameeyo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha garteen hana u
sharraxeen shaqooyinka danab gambaleeleed, cod baahiye, cajilad
birlabeed, matoor danab, dhaliye danab, iwm
tilmaameen hana u soo bandhigeen sida wiishka gawaarida fogeeyaa
u shaqeeyo
hana u mahadiyeen in wada shaqeynta danabka iyo birlabku muhiim
u tahay hawl maalmeedka. Tusaale waxay u qaadan karaan
teleefoonka gacanta
 Su’aalo iyo jawaabo

 Bandhigid
201
9. MAKIINADAHA FUDUD
9.1 HORUDHAC MAKIINADAHA FUDUD

 Qeexaan makiinadaha hawsha fududeeya
 Soo saaraan, taxaanna qalabka bulshadu u isticmaashu fududeynta
hawsha
 Ka doodaan muhiimadda ay u leeyihiin bulshada qalabka loo
isticmaalo fududeynta hawsha
 Mahadiyaan muhiimada ay leedahay adeegsiga qalabka hawsha
fududeeya

makiinadaha hawsha fududeeya
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha soo saareen,
hana u taxeen qalabka bulshadu u isticmaashu fududeynta hawsha
(tusaale: khaafiyad, leexo, manqas, kabaal, shaag, iwm)
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu waxay qaab gacan-
ka-qaad ahaan u muujinayaan sida makiinaduhu hawsha u
fududeeyaan
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu waxay u soo
saarayaan ugana doodayaan muhimadda ay leeyihiin makiinadaha
hawsha fududeeya
 Xog-baaris
 Bandhigid
202
9.2 MAKIINADAHA FUDUD IYO KARTIDOODA

 Gartaan, tusaalena ka bixiyaan hawsha ay qabtaan kabaal, kasha-
wiito, manqas, shaag, iwm
 Sawiraan kabaal, qaybihiisana muujiyaan
 Tilmaamaan sida makiinadaha fudud kartidoodu tahay
 Xisaabiyaan kartida kabaalka
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed yar yar, bartayaashu ha gartaan,

tusaalena ha ka bixiyaan hawsha ay qabtaan kabaal, kasha-wiito,
manqas, shaag, iwm
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha sawireen
kabaal, hana ku muujiyaan qaybihiisana
tilmaamaan sida makiinadaha fudud kartidoodu tahay
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha soo saareen
kartida kabaal
 Bandhigid
203
9.3 KHAAFIYADO

 Qeexaan sida khaafiyadu u shaqeeyso
 Soo saaraan oo helaan meelaha deegaankooda khaafiyaduhu ku
yaalliin
 Kala saaraan noocyada kala duwan ee khaafiyadaha (joogtada,
dhaqdhaqaaqa, isku dhafan), ayna sharraxaan shaqooyinkooda
 Mahadiyaan kuna qancaan khaafiyadaha deegaankooda

tilmaameen sida khaafiyaddu u shaqeeyso
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha heleen
meelaha khaafiyaduhu ku yaalliin deegaankooda
noocyada kala duwan ee khaafiyadaha (joogtada, dhaqdhaqaaqa,
isku dhafan), hana sharraxaan shaqooyinkooda
hana heleen kartida khaafiyadaha
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
204
10. ASIIDHADA IYO BAYSYADA
10.1 HORUDHAC ASIIDHADA IYO BAYSYADA

 Sheegaan macnaha asiidh iyo bays
 Ka soo ururiyaan deegaanka walxo kala duwan
 Kala gartaan oo kala soocaan walxaha asiidhyadu ku jiraan iyo
walxaha baysyadu ku jiraan
 Sharraxaan adeegsiga muujiyeyaasha
 Daneeyaan kala saaridda iyo tijaabinta asiidhyada iyo baysyada

doodaan macnaha asiidh iyo bays
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha ururiyeen
deegaanka walxo si ay u tijaabiyaan inay yihiin asiidh ama bays
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha garteen hana
uga soo saareen asiidhyada iyo baysyada walxaha deegaanka laga
yaqaan iyagoo adeegsanaya muujiyeyaal fudud
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha kala saareen
muujiyeyaasha iyagoo adeegsanaya asiidhyo iyo baysyo si ay
midabada ugu baaaraan
 Bandhigid
 Maskax-tuujin
 Shaqo guri
205
10.2 FALGALKA ASIIDHYADA IYO BAYSYADA

 Sharraxaan falgalka asiidhyada iyo birta
 Magacaabaan falgalka asiidhyada iyo kaarboneytyada
 Qeexaan falgalka asiidhyada iyo baysyada
 Gartaan in cusbadu ka sameysanto asiidhyo iyo baysyo isla falgalay
 Ku baraarugsanaadaan ka go’aan gaaridda falgallada asiidhyada iyo
baysyada

sharraxeen falgallada asiidhyada iyo birta
magacaabeen falgalka iyo kaarboneytiska
falgalka asiidhka iyo bayska
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ku qanceen kala
saaridda asiidhyada iyo baysyada
 Bandhigid
 Maskax-tuujin
 Shaqo guri
206
11. BADBAADINTA IYO GARGAARKA DEG DEG AH
11.1 TAXADARKA GURIGA LOOGA BAAHAN YAHAY
 Ka doodaan khataraha aaladaha gurigu keeni karaan
 Soo bandhigaan sida loo maareeyo aaladaha soo socda khatartooda
 Dabka iyo gubashada  Fiilooyinka iyo
 Saabuunaha dhar furayaasha danabka
dhiqidda  TV-ga iyo alaabta
 Kiimikooyinka guriga guriga
 Ka taxadarka  Khatar ka dhowridda
daawada biyaha
 Khatarta baabuurta
 Iska ilaaliyaan khatarta guriga ka iman karta
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya habka maskax-tuujinta, bartayaashu ha garteen
khatarta guryaha ka jiri karta
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha ka doodeen sida loo
maareyn karo khataraha guriga ee soo socda:
 Dabka iyo  Fiilooyinka iyo
gubashada furayaasha danabka
 Saabuunaha dhar  TV-ga iyo alaabta
dhiqidda guriga
 Kiimikooyinka  Khatar ka
guriga dhowridda biyaha
 Ka taxadarka  Khatarta baabuurta
daawada
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo shaqsiyeed, bartayaashu ha ka
taxadareen hana kala garteen iyagoo tilmaamaya calaamadaha iyo
astaamaha kiimikooyinka iyo khataraha
 Bandhigid
 Layli fasal
207
11.2 GARGAARKA DEG DEGA AH

 Sheegaan shilalka aad loo yaqaan ee u baahan gargaarka degdega
 Tilmaamaan khataraha la yaqaan ee ka jira bulshadooda
 Garwaaqsadaan sida loo maareeyo khataraha waaweyn ee u baahan
ka warqab caafimaad, sida:
 San gororka
 Jeexista iyo gubashada
 Qaniinyada maska
 Jabidda
 Fuuqbaxa
 Neefsasho la’aanta

aqoonsadeen xeeladaha gargaarka degdega ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha u muujiyeen
gargaarka degdega ah bulshada hab gacan-ka-qabad ah
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha diyaariyeen
xirmo gargaar degdega hana ku tababarteen sida iyo xilliga la
isticmaalo
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo kooxeed, bartayaashu ha muujiyeen sida
loo caawiyo qof dhaawac qaba iyagoo warqad weyn ku muujinaya
 Iyagoo adeegsanaya shaqo lammaaneed, bartayaashu ha barteen
sida loogu badbaado dabaasha
 Bandhigid
 Xog-baaris
 Shaqo guri
208
12. NAKHTIIN
209
TIXRAACA LAGU TALIYEY
Fasalka 5 Mawduuc Mawduuc hoosaad Tixraac
1- Waxbarashad  Jeermiska Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 5
a caafimaadka  Fididda jeermiska (2011)
 Ka hortegidda iyo iska Saynis 5 Bogga 1-8
ilaalinta jeermiska
2- Xayawaanada Habdhiska neefsashada Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 5
 Qaabka habdhiska (2011)
neefsashada dadka Saynis 5 Bogga 17-23
 Shaqada habdhiska
neefsashada
3- Dhirta  Ubax Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 5
 Ubaxley iyo ubaxla’ (2011)
Saynis 5 Bogga 24-36
4- Biyo  Fididda biyaha hoor ahaan Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 5
 Isu ururridda biyaha hoor (2011)
ahaan Saynis 5 Bogga 9-16
5- Cabbiraadda  Cuf, mug iyo cufnaan Foundation Sience to GCSE
iyo (1997)
halbeegyada
6- Tamar, Hawl  Cabbiraadda kulka Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 5
iyo Awood  Saameynta kulku ku (2011)
leeyahay walaxda Saynis 5 Bogga 70 – 81
 Kul gudbinta
7- Hawo  Muhiimadda hawada Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 5
- Neefsashada (2011)
- Ilaha awoodda Saynis 5 Bogga 47 – 56
 Mashinada hawadu
dhaqaajiso
- Marwaxadda dabaysha ku
shaqaysa
- Dab dhaliyaha dabaysha
210
8- Cimilo iyo  cimilo iyo cimilo gooreed Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 5
cimilo  saameynta hawada iyo (2011)
gooreed cimilada Saynis 5 Bogga 37-46
Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 6
(2011)
Saynis 6 Bogga 46 – 55
9- Dhulka iyo  Maalin iyo habeyn Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 5
dulilaatiga (  Wajiyada dayaxa (2011)
hawada sare) Saynis 5 Bogga 62 – 68
10- Degaanka  Horudhaca deegaanka iyo Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 5
qaybihiisa (2011)
 Ilaalinta dhirta deegaanka Saynis 5 Bogga 83 – 93
(2011)
Saynis 8 Bogga 117-120
11- Beeraha  Horudhaca beeraha Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 5
 Wax gelinta beeraha (2011)
12- Danab iyo  Horudhaca danabka Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 5
Birlab  Gudbiyeyaal iyo ma- (2011)
gudbiyeyaal Saynis 5 Bogga 94 – 103
 Mareegaha danabka
13- Maatar  Astaamaha walaxda Foundation Sceince to GCSE
 Walxaha saafidaa (1997)
 Qurub
- Curiye
- Iskudhis
211
1- Waxbarashad Dulinka iyo cudurada Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 6
a caafimaadka  Dulinka caamka ah (2011)
 Astaamaha iyo fididda Saynis 6 Bogga 1-12
dulinka
 Iska ilaalinta dulinka
2- Xayawaanada  Qaabka habdhiska Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 6
dheefshiidka dadka (2011)
 Shaqada habdhiska Saynis 6 Bogga 19 – 32
dheefshiidka
 Qaabka habdhiska
qalfoofka
 Shaqada habdhiska
dheefshiidka
3- Dhirta  Qaabka ubaxa Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 6
 caleemaha (2011)
 xididada Saynis 6 Bogga 33 -- 45
4- Biyo  Nuugidda biyaha ee Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 6
geedka (2011)
 Neefsashada dhirta Saynis 6 Bogga 13 – 18
5- Cabbiraadda  Cuf iyo culeys Foundation Sceince to GCSE
iyo (1997)
halbeegyada
6- Tamar, Hawl  Tamar
iyo Awood  Hawl
 Awood
7- Ilays  Waa maxay ileys? Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 5
 Ilays gudbiye, ilays bar- (2011)
gudbiye and Ilays ma Saynis 5 Bogga 57 – 61
gudbiye
8- Hawo  Isku jirka hawada Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 6
212
 Neefaha hawada (2011)
Tusaale; Niytrojiin, Ogsijiin, Saynis 6 Bogga 56 –64
kaarboon labo ogsaydh iyo
neefaha wahsada
9- Cimilo iyo  Qalabka hawada iyo Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 6
cimilo isticmaalkooda (2011)
gooreed  Qalabka dabeyshas Saynis 6 Bogga 46 – 55
 Roob-beeg
 Xiritaanka roob-beega
10- Dhulka iyo  Baha cadceedeed Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 6
dulilaatiga  Qorrax iyo dayax (2011)
madoobaad Saynis 6 Bogga 78 – 89
(2011)
11- deegaanka Diqow Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 6
 Diqowga hawada (2011)
 Diqowga deegaanka Saynis 6 Bogga 101-111
 Diqowga carrada
12- Beeraha  daaqa Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 6
 Cudurada aad loo (2011)
yaqaan ee xoolaha Saynis 6 Bogga 128-139
13- Danab iyo  Horudhaca birlabta Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 6
Birlab  Horudhaca danabka neg (2011)
14- Maatar  Kala saaridda iskujirada Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 6
 Curiyeyaal iyo iskudhisyo (2011)
Saynis 6
213
1- Waxbarashada  Cudurada ka dhasha biyaha Buugta Soomaalida-buuga7
caafimaadka oo la yaqaan (2011)
 Cudurada ka dhasha Saynis 7 Bogga 1 – 23
hawada oo la yaqaan
 Waxa sababa cudurada ka
dhasha biyaha iyo hawada
 Ka hortaga ka dhasha biyaha
iyo hawada
2- Xayawaanada  Qaabka habdhiska qashin Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 7
saarka (2011)
 Shaqada habdhiska qashin Saynis 7 Bogga 35-42
saarka
 Qaabka habdhiska dhiig
wareegga
 Shaqada habdhiska dhiig
wareegga
 Shaqada dhiigga
3- Dhirta Taranka ubaxleyda Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 7
 bacrimin (2011)
 Faxlin Saynis 7 Bogga 47 – 55
 Miro iyo iniinyo
 Firdhinta iniinaha
 Biqlidda iniinaha
4- Biyo  Habka biyaha roobka loo Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 7
keydiyo loona dhaamiyo (2011)
 Diqowga biyaha iyo waxa Saynis 7 Bogga 24 – 32
sababa
5- Tamar, Hawl  Noocyada tamarta Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 7
214
iyo Awood  Isbedelka tamarta (2011)
6- Ilays  Ileys noqod Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 7
 Qallocsanka ileyska (2011)
7- Cimilo iyo cimilo  Gibil Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 7
gooreed  Qalabka xarumaha hawada (2011)
- Huur-beeg Saynis 7
- Cadaadis beeg
- Kul beeg
8- deegaanka  Isticmaalka qashinka Buugta Soomaalida-buuga7
deegaanka (2011)
 Din-u-isticmaalka Saynis 7 Bogga 133-141
warqaadaha
 Dib-u-isticmaalka bacaha iyo
balaastikada
9- Beeraha  Diyaarinta dhulka Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 7
 Dhir beeridda (2011)
10- Danab iyo  Iska ilaalinta qalabka Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 7
Birlab danabka (2011)
 Mareeg fudud Saynis 7 Bogga 90 – 99
11- Dhaqaaq iyo  Horudhaca xoog Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 7
xoog  Xoog islis (2011)
 Yareynta xoog isliska Saynis 7
 Cadaadis Foundation Sceince to GCSE
(1997)
13 Maatar  Mug iyo cufnaan Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 7
 Kalgalka curiyeyaasha (2011)
 Bir iyo bir ma-ahe Saynis Bogga 114-121
14 Gargaarka deg Habraaca taxadar ee caamka ah
dega ah
215
1- Waxbarashada Cudurro Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 8
caafimaadka  Cudurrada la isu gudbiyo iyo (2011)
kuwa la dhaxlo Saynis 8 Bogga 1 –17
 Iska ilaalinta iyo ka
hortegidda cudurrada
 Daroogada
 Saameynta iyo sika ilaalinta
daroogada
2- Unug iyo  Wayneeye (Microscope) Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 8
wayneeye  Unugyada xayawaanka iyo (2011)
(mikriskoob) dhirta Saynis 8
3- Xayawaanada  Taranka dadka Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 8
 Nuujinta hooyada (2011)
 Taranka raha Saynis 8 Bogga 29-46
 Taranka kalluunka
 Taranka shimbiraha
4- Dhirta  Footosintesis Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 8
 Ekosistam (2011)
- Silsilada cuntada Saynis 8 Bogga 41 – 46
- Shabakada cuntada
5- Dhulka iyo  Dayax gacmeedka iyo Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 8
dulilaatiga ( cirbixiyeenada (2011)
hawada sare)  Xidkaha , cirjiirayaasha iyo Saynis 8 Bogga 132 – 138
waramada
6- Beeraha Xoolaha Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 8
 Dhaqashada xoolaha (2011)
 Xannaanada digaagga Saynis 8 Bogga 123-131
 Shinni beeridda
 Kalluun beeridda
 Beer abuuridda
7- Danab iyo Birlab  Badada birlabta Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 8
 Adeegsiga birlab- (2011)
216
danabeedka Saynis 8 Bogga 79-85
8- Dhaqaaq iyo  Qalabka fudud Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 8
xoog  Noocyada qalabka fudud (2011)
 Kartida makiinadaha fudud Saynis 8 Bogga 90-100
9- Maatar  Aysiidhyo, baysas iyo Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 8
muujiyeyaal (2011)
 Falgalka u dhexeeya Saynis 8 Bogga 103-106
aysiidhyo iyo baysas
10- Gargaarka  Maamulidda danabka Buugta Soomaalida-buuga 8
degdega ah iyo  Gargaarka degdega ah (2011)
badbaadinta Saynis 8 Bogga 49-62
11- Naqtiin  Naqtiin Waxay ku xirantahay baraha
 Tijaabo iyo imtixaano iyo bartayaasha
217

Saynis 8aad Af Soomaali

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Saynis 8aad Af Soomaali

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DAWLADDA PUNTLAAN EE SOOMAALIYA

WASAARADA WAXBARASHADDA IYO TACLIINTA SARE

HORUDHAC ...................................................................................................... xiii

MUHIIMADA MAADADA .................................................................................. xiv

YOOLALKA ....................................................................................................... xiv

NATIIJOOYINKA MAADADDA ............................................................................ xv

2. Hababka Qiimaynta sayniska ............................................................................................................. i

3. MAGIDDA MUQARARKA .................................................................................................................... i

FASALKA KOOWAAD ........................................................................................... 1

1.1 QAYBAHA JIRKA......................................................................................................................... 1

2.1 ABLA-ABLAYNTA NOOLAHA IYO MA-NOOLAHA ....................................................................... 3

3.1 XAYAWAANADA DABJOOGTA IYO DUURJOOGTA..................................................................... 5

4.1 MAGACYADA CUNTOOYINKA CAANKA AH ............................................................................... 7

5.1 ILAHA BIYAHA............................................................................................................................ 9

6.1 JIRITAANKA HAWADA ............................................................................................................. 11

FASALKA LABAAD ............................................................................................. 12

1.1 XUBNAHA DAREENKA ............................................................................................................. 12

2.1 ASTAAMAHA NOOLAHA IYO MA-NOOLAHA ........................................................................... 14

3.1 DEEGAANKA XAYAWAANKA ................................................................................................... 16

4.1 NOOCYADA CUNTADA ............................................................................................................ 18

5.1 BIYO DHAAMIN ....................................................................................................................... 20

6.1 NOOCYADA CARRADA ............................................................................................................. 22

7.1 ILAHA ILAYSKA ......................................................................................................................... 23

8.2 SAMEYSANKA JABAQDA.......................................................................................................... 26

1.1 JIMICSIGA ................................................................................................................................ 28

2.1 XAYAWAANKA ......................................................................................................................... 30

3.1 CUNTOOYINKA LAGA HELO XAYAWAANADA ......................................................................... 33

4.1 KAYDINTA BIYAHA ................................................................................................................... 35

5.1 ISTICMAALKA CARRADA .......................................................................................................... 38

6.1 SAMAYSANKA HOOSKA ........................................................................................................... 40

7.1 DHERERKA JABAQDA............................................................................................................... 42

8.1 ILAHA KULKA ........................................................................................................................... 44

9.1 JIRITAANKA HAWADA ............................................................................................................. 46

FASALKA AFRAAD ............................................................................................. 48

1.1 NADAADAFADDA DEEGAANKA DUGSIGA ............................................................................... 48

2.1 LAFDHABARLEY IYO LAFDHABARLA’ ....................................................................................... 50

3.1 QAYBAHA GEEDKA .................................................................................................................. 52

4.1 ABLA-ABLAYTA CUNTADA ....................................................................................................... 55

5.1 WAJIYADA BIYAHA .................................................................................................................. 57

6.1 LAKABYADA CARRADA ............................................................................................................ 59

7.1 CABBIRAADDA DHERERKA IYO AMMINTA .............................................................................. 61

8.1 ASTAAMAHA ILAYSKA ............................................................................................................. 63

9.1 SIDA JABAQDU U SOCOTO ...................................................................................................... 65

10.1 GUDBINTA KULKA ................................................................................................................... 68

11.1 ASTAAMAHA HAWADA ........................................................................................................... 70

12.1 WAJIYADA IYO ASTAAMAHA MAATARKA ............................................................................... 72

FASALKA SHANAAD .......................................................................................... 79

2.1 HABDHISKA NEEFSASHADA DADKA ........................................................................................ 82

3.1 UBAXA ..................................................................................................................................... 84

4.1 FIDIDDA BIYAHA ...................................................................................................................... 86

5.1 CUF, MUGG IYO CUFNAAN ..................................................................................................... 88

6.1 CABBIRAADDA KULKA ............................................................................................................. 89

7.1 MUHIIMADDA HAWADA ......................................................................................................... 92

8.1 HORUDHACA CIMILADA IYO CIMILO GOOREED ..................................................................... 94

9.1 MAALIN IYO HABEYN .............................................................................................................. 96

10.1 HORUDHACA DEEGAANKA IYO WUXUU KA KOOBAN YAHAY................................................. 98

11.1 HORUDHACA BEERAHA ......................................................................................................... 100

12.1 HORUDHACA DANABKA ........................................................................................................ 102

13.1 ASTAAMAHA MAATARKA...................................................................................................... 105

FASALKA LIXAAD ............................................................................................. 107

1.1 DULINADA LA YAQAAN ......................................................................................................... 107

2.1 HABDSHISKA DHEEFSHIIDKA ................................................................................................. 110

3.1 QAABKA UBAXA .................................................................................................................... 114