AMB252

A1
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a query) – you could lose marks
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• Preliminary planning:
• First Order Ordinary Differential Equations [±4 weeks]
• Section 1.3: Differential Equations as Mathematical Models
• Section 2.7: Linear Models
• Section 2.8: Non-linear Models
• Second Order Ordinary Differential Equations [±4 weeks]
• Section 3.8: Linear Models: Initial-Value Problems
• Section 3.9: Linear Models: Boundary-Value Problems
• Section 3.11: Non-linear Models
• Partial Differential Equations [±4 weeks]
• Sections 13.1 to 13.5: Classical Equations and Boundary-Value Problems
3.9 BUCKLING OF A THIN COLUMN
( A S S U M P T I O N S A N D D E R I VAT I O N )
Slender vertical column with uniform cross-sectional area and length L.
𝑦(𝑥) is the deflection of the column, 𝑃 is a vertical compressive force
applied to the top
Assume

1. Perfectly straight column

2. Homogeneous material (the same everywhere)
3. Deflections is small
3.9 BUCKLING OF A THIN COLUMN
( A S S U M P T I O N S A N D D E R I VAT I O N )

𝑑2 𝑦
𝑑𝑥2
Euler Bernoulli beam 𝑀 = 𝐸𝐼𝐾 where 𝐾 = 3
𝑑𝑦 2 2
1+
𝑑𝑥
3.9 BUCKLING OF A THIN COLUMN
( H I N G E D / S I M P LY S U P P O R T E D )
𝑑2𝑦
𝐸𝐼 2 + 𝑃𝑦 = 0; 𝑦 0 = 0 and 𝑦 𝐿 = 0
𝑑𝑥

𝑑2𝑦
+ 𝜆𝑦 = 0; 𝑦 0 = 0 and 𝑦 𝐿 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
Case 1:𝜆 = 0 Case 2:𝜆 < 0 (𝜆 = −𝛼 2 ) Case 3:𝜆 > 0 (𝜆 = 𝛼 2 )
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑦 = 𝑐1 cosh 𝛼𝑥 + 𝑐2 sinh 𝛼𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑐1 cos 𝛼𝑥 + 𝑐2 sin 𝛼𝑥
Applying BCs:
𝑎=𝑏=0 𝑐1 = 𝑐2 = 0 𝑐1 = 0 and 𝑐2 sin 𝛼𝐿 = 0
Only trivial solution Only trivial solution For non-trivial solution sin 𝛼𝐿 = 0
𝑃𝑛 𝑛2 𝜋2
𝜆= 𝐸𝐼
= 𝐿2
for 𝑛 = 1,2,3, …

𝑛2 𝜋2 𝑛𝜋
𝑃𝑛 = 𝐸𝐼 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑐2 sin 𝑥
𝐿 𝐿
3.9 BUCKLING OF A THIN COLUMN
( H I N G E D / S I M P LY S U P P O R T E D )
𝑑2 𝑦
𝐸𝐼 2 + 𝑃𝑦 = 0; 𝑦 0 = 0 and 𝑦 𝐿 = 0
𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦
+ 𝜆𝑦 = 0; 𝑦 0 = 0 and 𝑦 𝐿 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑛2 𝜋 2 𝑛𝜋
𝑃𝑛 = 𝐸𝐼 2 for 𝑛 = 1,2,3, … and 𝑦 = 𝑐2 sin 𝑥
𝐿 𝐿

Critical loads:: First Buckling mode (n=1)=Euler load

3.9 BUCKLING OF A THIN COLUMN
(GENERAL –BCS NOT INCLUDED)
𝑑2 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
2
𝐸𝐼 2 + 𝑃 2 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3.9 BUCKLING OF A THIN COLUMN
(GENERAL –BCS NOT INCLUDED)
𝑑2 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
2
𝐸𝐼 2 + 𝑃 2 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3.9 BUCKLING OF A THIN COLUMN
(CLAMPED AND HINGED)
𝑑2 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
2
𝐸𝐼 2 + 𝑃 2 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑑1 cos 𝛼𝑥 + 𝑑2 sin 𝛼𝑥 and = 𝑑1 sin 𝛼𝑥 + 𝑑2 cos 𝛼𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 = 𝑑1 cos 𝛼𝑥 + 𝑑2 sin 𝛼𝑥 + 𝑑3 𝑥 + 𝑑4
3 . 9 R OTAT I N G S T R I N G
• Assumptions:

• (1) The angular velocity 𝜔 is constant

• (2) The tension 𝑇 in the rope is constant and gravitation can therefore be ignored

• (3) The rope is uniform − the mass per unit length 𝜌 is therefore constant

• (4) The deflections are small

• (5) The endpoints are fixed

PROBLEM

For which value(s) of the angular velocity 𝜔 will the string (rope) be deflected?
3 . 9 R OTAT I N G S T R I N G
PROBLEM
For which value(s) of the angular velocity 𝜔 will the string (rope) be deflected?
3 . 9 R OTAT I N G S T R I N G
𝑑 2 𝑦 𝜌𝜔2
− 𝑦=0
𝑑𝑥 2 ถ 𝑇
𝜆
3 . 9 R OTAT I N G S T R I N G
(WITH ELASTIC SUPPORT)
𝑑 2 𝑦 𝜌𝜔2
− 𝑦=0
𝑑𝑥 2 ถ 𝑇
𝜆