GST 311 ASSIGNMENT

AKINMUSIRE AYOOLUWA HONOUR

. 19CA026199.

DECEMBER, 2021
COVENANT UNIVERSITY,OTA
2020/2021 SESSION
1. WHAT IS THE CONSTITUENT OF:
A). Spaghetti
B). Noodles
C). Pasta

A. SPAGHETTI
Authentic Italian spaghetti is made from durum wheat semolina,
but elsewhere it may be made with other kinds of flour. Typically,
the pasta is white because refined flour is used, but whole wheat
flour may be added.
Spaghetti is a long, thin, solid, cylindrical pasta. It is a staple food of
traditional Italian cuisine. Like other pasta, spaghetti is made of
milled wheat and water and sometimes enriched with vitamins
and minerals.

SPAGHETTI

B. NOODLES
The basic raw ingredients to make instant noodles are wheat flour,
common salt (sodium chloride), water and alkaline salts (such as
sodium and potassium carbonates). Other materials required are
emulsifiers, enzymes, gums and starches

Typical ingredients in the noodles include flour, salt and palm oil.
The flavoring packets generally contain salt, seasoning and
monosodium glutamate (MSG). After the noodles have been made
in the factory, they are steamed, dried and packaged
 NOODLES

C. PASTA
In terms of nutrition, cooked plain pasta is 31% carbohydrates
(mostly starch), 6% protein, and low in fat, with moderate
amounts of manganese, but pasta generally has low micronutrient
content. Pasta may be enriched or fortified, or made from whole
grains. Contents
Ingredients generally used: Water, sometimes eggs
Main ingredients: Durum wheatflour
Place of origin: Italy
Variations: Rice flour pasta, legume pasta

PASTA

1B.) WHAT NUTRIENTS BENEFICIAL TO MAN ARE DERIVED

FROM THESE?

- CARBOHYDRATES (MOSTLY STARCH)

- 6% PROTEIN
- LOW FAT
- MANGANESE (MODERATE QUANTITY)
- SODIUM AND POTASSIUM CARBONATES (ALKALINE SALTS)
 - LOW MICRONUTRIENT CONTENT

1C.) ARE THERE DISADVANTAGES TO HUMAN HEALTH

INCURRED FROM THESE?
1. You may increase your risk of developing diabetes
2. You may miss out on key nutrients
3. You may be at an increased risk of developing heart disease.
4. You may have an elevated blood pressure.
-Pasta is high in carbs, which can be bad for you when consumed
in large amounts. It also contains gluten, a type of protein that
causes issues for those who are gluten-sensitive.

2.) WHAT IS THE LATEST ABOUT COVID-19 AND ITS

IMPLICATION
(CNN)The Omicron Covid-19 variant is now the most dominant strain in the
US, accounting for over 73% of new coronavirus cases less than three weeks
after the first was reported, according to estimates posted Monday by the US
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

It's been just 20 days since the US detected its first case of Omicron.
For the week ending December 18, Omicron accounted for 73.2% of
cases, with Delta making up an additional 26.6%. The week prior,
ending December 11, Omicron was estimated at just 12.6% of
circulating virus, and in the first week of December, Omicron
accounted for about 1% of new cases.
Omicron is even more prevalent in certain parts of the country —
making up over 95% of circulating virus in parts of the Northwest and
Southeast, the data shows.
As of Monday, 48 US states have reported cases of Omicron, according
to public statements from hospital systems and state officials, as well
as Puerto Rico and Washington, DC. The only states that have not
reported cases of Omicron are Oklahoma and South Dakota.

IMPLICATIONS
With the Delta and Omicron coronavirus variants spreading
across the nation as the new year approaches, health experts are
 urging Americans to get vaccinated or boosted to protect
themselves and others before they face greater chances of
infection.

Today, the situation has hardly improved. The original virus may
have moved out of focus, but it has left behind more virulent
variants. Now, the most dangerous Delta variant is present in
about 100 countries, according to the World Health Organisation
(WHO). After ravaging India, this variant is now resulting in fresh
waves in countries like Indonesia, UK, Russia, Iran, Colombia and
South Africa. USA, India and Brazil continue to top the world in
the total number of cases, though most daily new cases are now
coming from Brazil, India and Indonesia. Fauci is now imploring
Americans to get vaccinated to avoid another wave, triggered by
the Delta variant this time. While the global economy as a whole
has recovered, the recovery has been patchy, with the
developing nations staring at weak annual numbers. Meanwhile,
the companies catering to the WFH economy continue to report
robust numbers.

What has changed is the availability of vaccines. But even here

the developed world has benefited the most, thanks to the resources
at its command. A big part of the world won’t get access to any
vaccine till late 2022 or early 2023. The pandemic has exposed the
weaknesses in supply chains, not just for vaccines but also for sectors
as diverse as semiconductors and chemicals. Already, many countries
have started taking measures to mitigate the risks on this front. The
focus is on a reduction in dependence on other countries for critical
supplies.

The pandemic has changed many things permanently and for the
better. The issue of climate change is now taken more seriously. The
lockdowns showed that nature can quickly heal itself under the right
conditions. International cooperation is another beneficiary. The
pandemic has taught the world that international problems require
international cooperation.

PART B
1.) WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE IN COWPOX, SMALLPOX, CHICKEN
POX, CHOLERA, TYPHOID, MALARIA, COVID19

 Cowpox is an infectious disease caused by the cowpox virus

(CPXV ). The virus, part of the genus Orthopoxvirus, is closely
related to the vaccinia virus. The virus is zoonotic, meaning
that it is transferable between species, such as from cat to
human.

 Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two

virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The agent of
variola virus (VARV) belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The
last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977

 Chickenpox is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster

virus. It causes an itchy rash with small, fluid-filled blisters.
Chickenpox is highly contagious to people who haven't had
the disease or been vaccinated against it. Today, a vaccine is
available that protects children against chickenpox. Routine
vaccination is recommended by the U.S. Centers

 Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains

of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Symptoms may range from
none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large
amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. Vomiting
and muscle cramps may also occur.

 Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a disease caused by

Salmonella serotype Typhi bacteria. Symptoms may vary from
mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after
exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over
several days. This is commonly accompanied by weakness,
abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, and mild vomiting.
Some people develop a skin rash with rose colored spots.

 Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects

humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that
typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In
severe cases, it can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma, or
 death. Symptoms usually begin ten to fifteen days after being
bitten by an infected mosquito. If not properly treated, people
may have recurrences of the disease months later.

 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious

disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was
identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease
has since spread worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic.
Symptoms of COVID-19 are variable, but often include fever,
cough, headache, fatigue, breathing difficulties, and loss of smell
and taste. Symptoms may begin one to fourteen days after
exposure to the virus. At least a third of people who are infected
do not develop noticeable symptoms. Of those people who
develop symptoms noticeable enough to be classed as patients,
most (81%) develop mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild
pneumonia), while 14% develop severe symptoms (dyspnea,
hypoxia, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging), and
5% suffer critical symptoms (respiratory failure, shock, or
multiorgan dysfunction). Older people are at a higher risk of
developing severe symptoms.

2.) WHAT IS AN ANTISEPTIC?

Different Antiseptic products

ANTISEPTIC
This medication is used on the skin to stop itching and pain from certain
skin conditions (e.g., scrapes, minor burns, eczema, insect bites) and to
treat minor discomfort and itching caused by hemorrhoids and certain
other problems of the genital/anal area (e.g., anal fissures, itching
around the vagina/rectum). Some forms of this medication are also used
to decrease discomfort or pain during certain medical procedures/exams
(e.g., sigmoidoscopy, cystoscopy).
Alternate Brand Names: Lidamantle · Xylocaine
 Drug Class: Dermatological - Antibacterial-Local Anesthetic
Combinations
Availability: No Prescription Required
Pregnancy: Consult a doctor before using
Lactation: Does not adversely affect lactation

3.) LIST 10 TYPES OF ANTISEPTIC

- Peridex (Pro)
Generic name: chlorhexidine

- Periogard (Pro)
Generic name: chlorhexidine

- Betadine Aerosol Spray

Generic name: povidone iodine

- Hibiclens
Generic name: chlorhexidine

- pHisoHex (Pro)
Generic name:
hexachlorophene

- Betadine
Generic name: povidone iodine

- Tegaderm CHG Dressing

Generic name: chlorhexidine

- Summers Eve
Generic name: povidone iodine

- Neosporin Wound Cleanser

Generic name: benzalkonium
chloride

- Massengill Medicated Douche

Generic name: povidone iodine

- Dakins Full Strength Solution

Generic name: sodium
 hypochlorite

- ChloraPrep One-Step (Pro)

Generic name: chlorhexidine

- Spectrum-4
Generic name: chlorhexidine

- Sky Oral Rinse

Generic name: chlorhexidine

- Scrub Care Exidine

Generic name: chlorhexidine