MIGUEL

MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES
ADONAY
Malaria
SIERRA
The number of deaths from malaria is estimated at about 435,000 per year and children under
DURON
5 years of age are the most affected. It is an acute febrile disease and multi-organ involvement
is frequent if it is not treated at the first symptoms. Approximately half of the world's
population lives in risk areas.

Yellow fever
A short-lived viral illness whose symptoms include fever, chills, loss of appetite and nausea,
muscle pain, and headaches. There is a more severe hemorrhagic form. The name comes from
the jaundice displayed by those infected. Every year about 30,000 people die in the world.

Zika
Zika fever, caused by the Zika virus, often occurs without symptoms. Others may include fever,
red eyes, headache, and rashes. Infected pregnant women can give birth to babies with serious
health problems, such as microcephaly or Guillain-Barré syndrome, which can cause disability.

Dengue
Dengue kills about 25,000 people a year. 50% of the world population lives in risk areas and its
incidence is increasing globally. Symptoms include high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and
joint pain, and a rash. There is a form of dengue hemorrhagic fever.

West Nile (WNV)

West Nile virus can cause a fatal disease of the nervous system in humans. Nearly 80% of
infected people have no symptoms. Symptoms can range from fever, headaches, body aches,
nausea, vomiting, and enlarged lymph nodes to severe encephalitis.

Filariasis
Filariasis affects the lymphatic system and can cause abnormal hypertrophy of parts of the
body, causing pain, severe disability, and social stigma. There are more than 886 million people in
52 countries at risk. It can be eliminated by interrupting the spread through chemoprophylaxis.

Chikungunya
Viral disease that shares some symptoms with Zika and dengue. Symptoms include fever,
generalized pain, headache and muscle aches, swelling, and rashes. In some cases the symptoms
can last for months and even years. In some areas where dengue is endemic, there are often
false diagnoses.
Japanese encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in many Asian countries. Every
year about 68,000 cases are registered. Symptomatic Japanese encephalitis is rare but the
case fatality rate can reach 30%. Between 30 and 50% of those infected may suffer permanent
sequelae.
 CHAGAS DISEASE
disease also known as American Trypanosomiasis

What is it?

It is a dangerous disease caused by a parasite known as Trypanosoma cruzi.

It is named after Carlos Chagas, a Brazilian doctor who discovered the disease.

How is it transmitted?

The main form of transmission is through blood-sucking bed bugs. Yes one

bed bug has the parasite in the intestine, the parasite in the feces could enter a person's body
through the bite wound or through the eyes. In some cases it could also enter through the
mouth.

What insect transmits it?

Chagas disease is transmitted especially by some species of insects known as blood-sucking

bedbugs. These are some examples:.

Rhodnius prolixus
Panstrongylus geniculatus.

Triatoma dimidiata, considered

one of the most important transmitters of this disease. Specimen collected in Bagaces,
Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Photograph from the National Museum of Costa Rica.
 WATER-BORNE DISEASES

Waterborne diseases are diseases caused by "dirty water".

Diarrhea is a disease transmitted by organisms that live in water and food.

Some of these diseases cause diarrhea, vomiting, headache and general malaise.

Who transmits these diseases?

parasites
bacteria
vectors
virus

How infection occurs?

Drinking water without boiling or chlorination.

Play in places with standing water.
Bathing in polluted rivers and lakes
Eating food washed with contaminated water.
 BEWARE OF CONTAMINATION
Pollution causes diseases and other disorders that appear when you are exposed to different
types of pollution for a long time. These are some of the evils it can cause.

AIR POLLUTED DISEASES

Constant exposure to suspended particles, ozone (02), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur
dioxide (502)

It could provoke:

physical exhaustion
allergies
asthma
pneumonia
bronchitis
lung cancer (increases up to 20% chance)

DISEASES DUE TO CONTAMINATED WATER

Cause:

Poor water consumption

It could provoke:

anger
typhoid fever
shigella infections
meningitis
hepatitis
Cause:

By mosquito bites that live in polluted water

It could provoke:

malaria
yellow fever
dengue
filariasis

NERVOUS AND EAR DISEASES

Cause:

Due to excessive environmental noise

It could provoke:

Headaches
insomnia
deafness

heart attacks

(80% of city dwellers have some level of deafness)

DISEASES DUE TO EXPOSURE TO UVA and UVB RAYS

Cause:

Depletion of the ozone layer due to the emission of greenhouse gases

It could provoke:

skin burns
dermatitis
skin cancer.
 Healthy habits
The correct and continuous practice of healthy habits greatly benefits our health, feeds our
well-being and increases our life expectancy for several more years.

Maintain a correct diet that provides a nutritional balance to the body with sufficient
intake of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals and vitamins.
Continuous practice of physical exercise and sport to strengthen muscles and bones,
strengthen the heart, improve blood circulation, relax the mind and burn calories.
Maintain a healthy sleep rhythm to rest and generate energy for the performance of the
tasks of the new day.
Maintain adequate hygienic habits of personal hygiene, clothing and footwear.
Enjoy free time in an efficient and pleasant way.
Exercise the mind so that it works correctly and avoid cognitive deterioration and the
appearance of dementia.
Take measures to improve mental health and relieve daily nervous tension to avoid stress,
anxiety, depression...
Prevent as far as possible domestic, work and traffic accidents.
Avoid excessive consumption of alcohol, drugs of abuse, medicines and tobacco that are
harmful to health.
recommendations:
Avoid having containers with settled water.
Cover the water tanks.
Frequently perform cleaning tasks in patios and around homes.
Unclog roof rain drains.
Keep swimming pools clean and chlorinated.
spray frequently.
boil the water before consuming it.
frequently wash hands.
deposit trash in its place.