Mskdgmturm<
KGGNYMOK
KGG NG OVHMRKYM DHGHVMV KBHM_ 
NYMOKNG

R ãtuan
ãtuan bha trmfmln

 Motkvkbmb ? Cmt
Cmtrkz
rkz H
HVKO
VKO

Prhshgtm

Lumg Hsthf
Hs thfmg
mg Augm
KB 99=?:6

Bnohgth
MAFM AK\M YMVDM_  

Onancfkm,
Onan cfkm, Dumbmaml
Dumbmamlmrm
mrm bh Fudm _hp
_hptkhcfrh,
tkhcfrh, 04 bh 606
606==
 

 
Hgtrhd
Hgtrhdmm bh Motkvk
Motkvkbmb
bmb G
Guc
uchrn
hrn ?.

Ans hstubkmgths, bh inrcm onamfnr

onamfnrmtkvm,
mtkvm, bhikg
bhikgkríg
kríg su kbhm
kbhm bh ghdnok
ghdnoknn m trmvës bh aamm
cmtrkzz HVKO (morÿgk
cmtrk (mor ÿgkc
cn bh Ha
Hakckgmr,
kckgmr, Vhbuokr, Kgorhchgtmr y Orhmr)
Orhmr),, ong ha nfl
nflhtkv
htkvnn bh
bh
kbhgtkikom
kbhgtkikomrr ugm
ugm snauokÿg
snauokÿg m ugm
ugm prnf
prnfahc
ahcít
ítkom
kom hg ug ongthxtn hsph
h sphoãi
oãikon.
kon. Hstm motkv
motkvkbm
kbmbb ahs
 phrckktkr
 phrc tkríí bhsmrrna
bhsmrrnaaamr ams mook
mookng
nghs
hs bh onc
oncphthg
phthgok
okmm bh tr
trmfmln
mfmln hg hqu
hqukkpn, sna
snauuokÿg
okÿg bh
 prnfahc
 prnfahcms
ms y oncprnc
oncprnckksn snok
snokma
ma..

Rhgdmm hg ouhgtm ams skduk

Rhgd skdukhh gths prhdugtms nnrkhgtmbnrm
rkhgtmbnrmss pmr
pmrmm bhsmrrn
bhs mrrnaaaamr
mr am motkvk
motkvkbmb
bmb <

   ¾]uë h ah
ahcch gtns ongskbhrm kcpnrtmg
kcpnrtmgths
ths pmrm
pmrm d
dhh ghrmr u
ugm
gm kbhm bh ghdno
ghdnokn>
kn>

   ¾]u
¾]uëë v
vmr
mrkmf
kmfahs
ahs snokmahs,
snokmah s, amf
amfnr
nrmahs
mahs , ouatur
ouaturmahs y mombëckoms
mombëckoms bh s u hgtnr
hgtnrg
gn

tkhghg drmg pnthgokma pmrm orhmr y muchgtmr vmanr>

   ¾Bh quë
quë cmghrm s h puhbh
puhbh mpnr
mpnrtmr
tmr ma b
bhh s mrr
mrrnaan
naan h ongÿckon
ongÿckon h g Onancfk
Onancfkm>
m>
 

¾]uë h ahchgtns ongskbhrm kcpnrtmg

kcpnrtmgth
thss pmrm
pmrm d
dhh ghrmr ugm
ugm kbhm b
bhh gh
gh dnokn>

Mgths bh ongskbhrmr ug ghdnokn n ug hcprhgbkckhgtn

hcprhgbkckhg tn prn
prnpkn
pkn pnbhcns
pnb hcns dhghrmr hstns
h stns pkamrhs
pkamrhs<<

]uë prnbuotn
prnb uotn n shrvkokn
shrvkokn sh vm m onchrokmakzmr
onchrokmakzmr
Bÿgbh sh vm m bhsm
bhsmrrnaamr
rrnaamr ha ghdnokn
ghdnokn , ¾Yãm Ngakgh
Ngakgh n ug
ugmm pamzm bh
b h chrombn
chrombn>>
Ong quë rhoursns sh vm m ikgmgokmr
Ouía shrí ha püfak
püfakon
on nfl
nflhtkvn
htkvn (_hdc
(_h dchgtmo
hgtmokÿg
kÿg bh chrombn
chrombns) s)
Burmgth quë tkhcpn
tkhcpn sh vm m bhsm
bhsmrrnaamr
rrnaamr ha prnyhotn,
prnyhotn , n hg su bhihotn aahdmr
aahdmr ma pugtn bbhh
hqukakfrkn.

¾]uë vmrkmfahs snokmahs, amfnrmahs, ouaturmahs y mombëckoms bh su hgtnrgn tkhghg drmg

pnthgokma pmrm orhmr y muchgtmr vmanr>

Hs cuy
cuy kc
kcpnr
pnrtmgt
tmgthh smfhr
smfh r ha oak
oakhgth
hgth bngbh vvmcns
mcns m hstmr bkrk
bkrkdkbns
dkbns (shdchgtmr
(shdchgtmr ha chrom
hrombb n) am

oncphthgok
oncphth gokmm bkrhotm, n kg
kgbkrhotm
bkrhotm am ouma gns puhbh mihotm
mihotmrr guhstrn
guhs trn prhokn.
prh okn. Xg hlhcpan hs am

oncpmýãm RH_AM, qquh

uh orhm
orhmrng
rng ug prn
prnbuotn
buotn ügkon
ügkon,, hg bngbh haa
haans
ns kg
kggnvmrn
gnvmrngg ha cnbn bh

ongbuokr ug mutn, quh

q uh prí
príotkomchg
otkomchgth
th sh ongbuoh snan y quh drmokms m su c
cntnr
ntnr haëotrkon hstí

oukbmgbn
oukbmgbn ha chbkn mcfkhgth,
mcfkhgth, ha mgthrknr hlhcpan gns bm ug oamrn hlhc
hlh cpan bh cmghln bh prhokn
prho kn y

oncphthgok
oncphth gokm,
m, oncn haa
haans
ns sng prío
príotkomc
tkomchgth
hgth ans ügkons
ügkons hg ha chrom
hrombn
bn hg nirhohr hsth
hs th tkpn bh

 prnbuotns
 prnbuotns puhbhg thghr
thghr m imv
imvnr
nr ha prhokn
prhokn bh vvhg
hgtm
tm vs ha onst
onstn,
n, hstn gns dm
dmrmg
rmgtkz
tkzmm ugm

rhgtmfkakbmb hihotkvm
hihotkvm pmrm ha orho
orhokc
kckhgtn
khgtn bh am oncpmýãm.

¾Bh quë
quë cmghrm sh pu
puhh bh mp
mpnrtmr
nrtmr ma bh
bh s mrr
mrrnaan
naan h ongÿc
ongÿckon
kon h g Onancfk
Onancfkm>
m>
Onanc
On ancfkm,
fkm, quh tkhgh prío
príotkomc
tkomchh gth cís bh 80 ck
ckaanghs
aanghs quh tnb
tnbns
ns mpnrtmc
mpnrtm cns pmrm ha bhsm
bhsmrrnaan
rrnaan

hongÿc
hon gÿckon.
kon. Ha KYM quh hs ug kc
kcpuhstn
puhstn pmrm
pmrm ha orho
orhokc
kckhgt
khgtnn bh gu
guhstrn
hstrn pmãs, ym quh ong hsh

dmstn hstmc
hstm cns mpnrtmgbn
mpn rtmgbn m am smaub, hbuomokÿg,
hb uomokÿg, kg
kggnvmokÿ
gnvmokÿgg y oumgbn sh bhsmrrnaam
bhsm rrnaam ug gu
guhvn
hvn

hcprhgbkckhgtn
hcprhgbkckhgtn ym shm phquhýn n drmgbh,
drmgbh, hstí myubmg
myubmgbn
bn ma bhsmrrnaa
bhsmrrnaann hongÿck
hongÿckon.
 

¾]uë hs am cmtrkz
cmtrkz HVKO>

Hstm cmtrkz
cmtrkz mmyu
yubm
bm m tncmr bhoksknghs pmrm ongstrukr ug
ugmm nihrtm bh vma
vmanr
nr quh shm bki
bkihrhgo
hrhgokma.
kma.
Iuh pamgthmbm
pamgthmbm pnr T. Ojmg Ekc y Vhgëh Cmufnrdgh
Cmufn rdgh hg ha aakfrn
kfrn Fauh
Fauh No
Noëmgn
ëmgn _trmth
_trmthdy
dy<< Jnw
Rn Orhmth Xgongthsthb
Xgongthsthb Cmreht _pmoh
_pmo h Mgb Cmeh Rjh
Rjh Oncphtk
O ncphtktktknn g Krrhahvmgt
Krrhahvmgt y sh uutktkaakzm bh
cmghrm
cmghrm onglugtm ong ha ou
oumbr
mbrnn hstrmtëdkon pmr
pmrmm hgongtrmr ug Noë
No ë mgn Mzua
Mzua quh
q uh gns jmdm

bki
bkihrhgokmrgn
hrhgokmrgnss bh guhstrm
guhstrm oncphthgokm.
oncphthgokm.

¾Ouígbn Xtkakzmram>
Hg oumaquk
oumaqukhr
hr cnchgtn
cnchgtn oumgbn hstís mgmak
mgmakzmgbn
zmgbn am oncphth
oncphthgok
gokmm h kg
kgthgtm
thgtmgbn
gbn bhikgkr
bhikgkr ug
 pnskok
 pnskokng
ngmck
mckhgtn
hgtn qu
quhh shm bki
bkihrhg
hrhgth
th bh aann hxk
hxksthg
sthgth.
th. Hs
Hsth
th hlhrok
hlhrokok
oknn hs gho
ghohsmr
hsmrkkn ma onc
onckkhg
hgzzn,
oumgbn hstís
hstí s kbhmgbn ug guhvn
guhvn pprnyhotn
rnyhotn hc
h cprh
prhgbhbn
gbhbnr.r. [ hs rhonchgbmfah hg ntrn
ntrnss cnchgtns
cnchgtns
hg ans quh jms bh rhpn
rhpnskok
skokngmr
ngmrth
th oncn hcprhsm oumgbn am oncphthgokm rhmo
rhmookngm
okngm m tu prn
prnpuhstm
puhstm
onpkíg
onp kígbnt
bnthh n prn
prnpngkhgbn
pngkhgbn madn
madn skckamr
skckamr n chlnr quh an quh tu nirhohs
nirhohs.. (hcprhgbh, 6=)

Hg ongthxtn, Ck kbhm
kbhm ghdnokn hs jmohr dmapnghs pmr
pmrmm pnaan, ck kbhm
kbhm gmoh bh ck motuma
trmfmln
trmf mln ym
ym quh rhquk
rhq ukhrh
hrh ugm
ugm drmg pamghmokÿg pmrm hlhoutmr hstm
hstm amfnr, mo
motumac
tumachh gth sny mgma
mgmakstm
kstm
bh prn
prnyhotns,
yhotns, y rhmachgth
rhmachgth gn sh jmoh
jmoh ugm
ugm amfnr hxjmu
hxjmustkvm
stkvm hg bngbh sh rhquk
rhq ukhrh
hrh pamghmr ug
ugmm
vhgtm y hlho
hlhoutmram
utmram oncn ug prnyhotn.
prn yhotn.
Pmrm
Pmrm h s th h cprh
prh gb
gbkc
kckhgtn
khgtn cks pkamr
pkamrhh s sshh rk
rkmg<
mg<
•   Hamfnrmr
Hamfnrmr prhsupuhstns bh
b h dmstns bh ans prnyhotns m hlhoutmr.
•

  Mgma
Mgmakzmr
kzmr am
am kg
kginrcmokÿ
inrcmokÿ g rhonpka
rhon pkambm
mbm ongskbhr
ongskbhrmgbn
mgbn aans
ns nflhtkvns
nflhtkvns bha prn
prnyhotn.
yhotn.
•   On
Onnrb
nrbkg
kgmr
mr ong ans bkihrhgths
bkihrhgths kg
kgthdrmgt
thdrmgths
hs bha írhm m am quh bhsmrrnaamrm
bhsm rrnaamrm ans prn
prnyhotns
yhotns hg
ans oumahs pmrtkokpm.
 

•   Motumakz
Motumakzmm r ans prnyhotns
prn yhotns hg hlhouok
hlho uokÿg
ÿg y aaaahvmr
hvmr orngndrmcm
or ngndrmcm bbhh ongtrna bh ans cksc
kscns.
ns.
•   Prhpmr
Prhpmrmr
mr y prhshgtmr kgi
kginrchs
nrchs snfrh ans mvmgohs
mvmgohs bh ans prnyhotns mgmak
mgmakzmbns, bhgtrn bh
ans pamzns hstmfahokbns pnr am hcprhsm.

Hsquhh cm bh ams 2 Mookng

Hsqu Mooknghs
hs .
=.Hakckgm
=.Hakckgm ams omrmoth
omrmothrãstkom
rãstkomss bha prnbuotn
prnbuotn quh
quh gn mpnrtmg ug vman
vmanrr bkih
bkihrhgokma
rhgokma m tu
oakhgth nflhtkvn<  Hakckgmr
Hakckgmr prnbuotns
prn buotns kcpnrtmb
kcpnrtmbns
ns ojk
ojkgns,
gns, ym quh hsn gns phrlubkomrãm hg
gu
guhstrn
hstrn kg
kgbkombn
bkombnrr bh dhstkÿg hg oumgtn m omak
omakbmb
bmb bha prnbuotn
prnbuotn..

6. Anomakz
Anomakzm
m ams omrmoth
omrmothrã
rãstkom
stkomss quh
quh s ng vman
vmanrmb
rmbms
ms pnr am kg
kgbu
buss trk
trkm
m y pnr tus
tus
oncphh tkb
oncp tkbnrhs
nrhs phrn qu
quhh pmrh
pmrh oh qu
quhh m ans oakhgths gn
gn ah
ahss kcpnrtm tmgtn<  Am kg
kcpnrtm kgvhrskÿ
vhrskÿgg hg am
am
 pufa
 pufakkok
okbmb,
bmb, sh puhbh
puhbh kg
kgvvhrtkr,
hrtkr, phrn gn bh uuggm cmghrm
mghrm tmg hx
hxmd
mdhrmbm
hrmbm

?. Pnthgokm mquhaan quh orhms quh fusom n vmanrm cís tu oakhgth<  Am hgtrhdm
hgtrhdm bh am
am drmglm
shrkm hxohpokngma,
hxohpo kngma, thgbrãm tn
tnbn
bn omaouambn
omaouambn drmokms ma bkmd
bkmdrmcm
rmcm bh Dmgtt, y msã pnbhr
pnbh r oucpakr
oucpakr m ck
oakhgth
oakhgth ong aans
ns bãms bh hgtrhdm pmr
pmrmm quh puhbm hgtrmrah ha pnaa
pnaann ha bkm quh hs.

2. Mp
Mpnrtm
nrtm vmanrhs quh ssup
upngdmg
ngdmg ug
ugm
m bkihrhgokm ong rh
rh sph
sphotn
otn m ans bh
bh cís
ís,, pnrqu
pnrquhh
oufrmg
ouf vmanrhs<< Ymanrhs
rmg guhvns vmanrhs kcpnr
kcpnrtmgth
tmgthss shrkmg

Jnghstkbmb
Oncprncksn
Ëtkom
Vhspngsmfkakbmb
Hsiuhrzn
Vhsphtn
Ahmatmb
Mbmptmfkakbmb