TVOFACHI 3.7

ri²²Ĺz rcia bc am x6 8 4,:;

Bctcrhnmc ai ri

9. Jr²ii﬉`ihcmtc
﬉`ihcmtc

6. Chpacimbo trc trcss ntcri`nomcs cm ca h²cctobo m `om aos viaorcs nmn`niacs   xa   8

tobo bc fnsc``n²oom
4,3 y   xu   8 6.

0. Ssi
Ssimbo
mbo trcs ntc
ntcri`n
ri`nomcs
omcs bca h²
cctobo
tobo bc ai gia
giasi
si posn`
posn`n²
n²
oom,
m, `om aos hnshos viaorcs
nmn`niacs bc 6.

9. Jr²ii﬉`ihcmtc
﬉`ihcmtc
sc tncmc ai gum`n²oom;
m;
6
g(x) 8 4.:-am x 5 sc bim viaorcs i x piri `ibi g(x).
Pc lnzo cm cx`ca5 `om cstos pumtos sc jri﬉`i `oho sc ofscrvi cm ai snjuncmtc ﬉juri ;

ais `urvis rcsuatimtcs `ortim ia ckc x (lornzomtia) cm bos pumtos.

Sm vnstizo i ai jr²ii﬉`i
﬉`i sc vc quc aos viaorcs piri `ib
`ibii x sc iproxnhim i umi ri
ri²²Ĺz bc ¹9,23
(posntnvo y mcjitnvo piri `ibi `urvi).

6. Chpacim
Chpacimbo bo trcs ntcri`n
ntcri`nomcs
omcs cm ca h²ctobo
ctobo bc fnsc``n
fnsc``n²²oom
m `om aos viaorcs nmn`niacs   xa   8 4,3 y
xu  8 4,6
Nmtrobu`nhos
Nmtrobu` nhos aos bitos piri ca h²cctobotobo bc ai ai fnsc``n
fnsc``n²²oom,
m, quc prcvnihcmtc sc i projri-
hibo cm c m Hit
Hitaif,aif, pir
pirii 0 ntcri`nomcs, ai ri²ĹĹzz m
mos
os rcsu
rcsuatiati   xr   8 9,20:34 piri ca nmtcrviao bc
xa   8 4,3 y   xu   8 6
 9

0. Ssimbo trcs ntcri`n

ntcri`nomcs
omcs bca h²cctobo
tobo bc ai giasi posn`n²
oom,
m, `om aos hnshos viaorcs nmn`niacs
bc 6.

Bc ai hnshi himcri nmjrcsihos aos bitos cm ai projrihi`n²oom m piri ca h²cctobo

tobo bc ai giasi
posn`n²oomm piri 0 ntcri`nomcs, ai rrinz
inz m
mos
os rrcsuati
csuati   xr   8 9,22<24 piri ca nmtcrviao bc   xa   8 4,3
y   xu   8 6
 6

Ca viaor vcrbibcro bc ai gum`n²oom m cs 9.29>47:. . . 5 `ohpiri

`ohpirimbo
mbo aos trcs h²cctobos
tobos ca h²cctobo
tobo
quc sc uso cm cstc ckcr`n`no, ai giasi posn`n²oom
m sc i`cr`i h²iiss ia viaor vcrbibcro quc aos otros
bos, ca h²cctobo
to bo jr²ii﬉`o
﬉`o y ca h²cctobo
tobo bc ai fnsc``n²oom.
m.
TVOFACHI 3.94

Cm`ucmtrc ai ri² ri²Ĺz posntnvi bc g(x)8 x   2 ∖ <x0 ∖ 03x6 + 234x ∖ 9449, utnanzimbo ca
h²cctobo
tobo bc ai giasi posn`n²oom. m. Rohc `oho viaorcs nmn`niacs i   xa   8 2,3 y   xu  8 7, y
ckc`utc `nm`o ntcri`nomcs.
@ia`uac aos crrorcs timto iproxnhibo `oho vcrbibcro, `om fisc cm ca lc`lo bc quc
ai ri²ĹĹzz cs 3.74>
3.74>:>.
:>. Chpacc umi jr²ii﬉`i
﬉`i piri cxpan`ir sus rcsuatibos y li`cr ca `²iia`uao
a`uao
bcmtro bc um   γs   8 9,4 %.

@om aos bitos bca ckcr`n`no sc nmjrcsim cm ca junbc projrihibo cm Hitaif5 rcsuatimbo sc
xr   8 3,22672, `oho sc ofscrvi cm ai snjuncmtc ﬉juri snjuncmtc.

Rihfn
ihfn²²ccm
m `oho pobchos ofscrv
ofscrvir,
ir, cm ai snjun cmtc ﬉juri, piri umi rinz   xr   8 3,74>:>
snjuncmtc
sc ln`
ln`ncro
ncromm 60 ntcr
ntcri`n
i`nomcs
omcs `om ca h²cctobo
tobo bc ai gia
giasi
si posn`
posn`n²
n²
oom,
m, bnshnmuycmbo i² u
umm h²iiss
∖3
aos crrorcs, rcsuatimbo ca crror totia iproxnhibo   γi   8 3,<:2: √ 94 % y ca vcrbibcro
γt  8 7,><27 √ 94∖3 %.
 0

Tiri um  γ s  8 9,4 % bcmtro bca csc via

viaor,
or, sc li`cm : ntcri`n
ntcri`nomcs rcsuatimbo scr  xr   8 3,32<7:
omcs rcsuatimbo
y `oho sc vc cm ai jr²ii﬉`i
﬉`i ai ri²
ri²Ĺz sc iproxnhi ia viaor rcia quc cs 3.74>:<<.
 2

TVOFACHI 3.96
Bibi
g(x)8-6 x   7 ∖ 9,3x2 + 94x + 6
Ssc ca h²ctobo
ctobo bc ai fnsc``n²oom
m piri bctcrhnmir ca h²iixnhoxnho bc csti gum`n²om.
om. Liji
cac``nomcs nmn`niacs bc   xa   8 4 y   xu   8 9, y rcian`c ntcri`nomcs listi quc ca crror
rcaitnvoo iproxnh
rcaitnv iproxnhibo
ibo sci hcmor quc 3 %.

Tiri bctcrhnmir ca h²iixnho

xnho bc csti gum`n²oom
m sc li`c su bcrnvibi, cmtom`cs, tcmchos;
  

g  (x) 8 ∖96x3 ∖ 7x0 + 94

@om ca h²cctobo
to bo bc ai fns
fnsc``
c``n²
n²oom,
m, y p
piri
iri  x a   8 4,  x u  8 9 y piri um crror rcaitnvo iproxnhibo
hcmor
hcm or bc 3 %, cm cstc `iso 0.:4 0.:40:
0: %5 tcmch
tcmchos os `oho rcsuat
rcsuatibo
ibo bca via
viaor
or cxtrch
cxtrchoo bc g(x),
4.<20:3. Cm ai snjuncmtc nhijcm sc hucstri aos rcsuatibos.
 3

TVOFACHI 3.9<
Nmtcjrc ca iajorntho quc sc fosquck²o cm ai ﬉juri 3.94, cm gorhi bc sufprojrihi
`ohpacto piri ca h²cctobo
tobo bc fnsc``n²oom
m ihnjifac piri ca usuirno. Cmtrc otris `osis;

i ) @omstru
@omstruyi
yi cm
cmum`nibos
um`nibos b
bcc bo`uhcmti`
bo`uhcmti`n²
n²oom
m cm ca sufprojrihi i ﬉m bc nbcmtn﬉`ir
ao quc sc prctcmbc quc rcian`c `ibi sc``n²oom.
m.

f ) Ctnquctc ai cmtribi y ai sianbi.

` ) Ijrcjuc umi `ohprofi`n²oom m bc ai rcspucsti, cm ai quc sc sustntuyi ai cstnhi-
`n²oom
m bc ai ri²
ri²Ĺz
Ĺz cm ai gum`n²om
om ornjnmia pirivcrn﬉`ir sn ca rcsuatibo ﬉mia sc i`cr`i
i `cro.

b ) Trucfc ca sufprojrihi por hcbno bc rcpctnr aos `²ia`uaos

b ) ia`uaos bc aos ckchpaos 3.0
y 3.2.

Iajorntho o ai `obn﬉`i`n²om
om cm ca Hit
Hitaif
aif pir
pirii ca H²cctobo
tobo bc ai fnsc``n²oom;
m;

Anstnm
Ans tnmjj 9; H²cctobo
to bo bc ai fns
fnsc``
c``n²
n²oom
m
9
 % C x c ` u t c s oom
m f u t t o m p rrcc s s n m ` i a ` u a i r .
6   gum`tnom   ` i a ` u a i r @ i a a f i ` e ( l O
Off kkcc `t
` t , c v ccm
m t b iitt i , l i m b a c s )
0   % l O ffkk c`
c` t l iimm bbaa c t o ` i a ` u a i r ( s c c J@FO)
2   % c vc
vc m
mtt bi
bi t i r c sscc r vvcc b t o f c b c g nnm mcb nm i gutu urr c v c rrss n oom
m o g HIRAIF  
3   % l i m b a ccss s t r u ` t u r c w n t l l i m b aacc s i m b u s c r b i ttii ( s c c JSNBIRI)
7   jaof ia   N P m r5
:

<   g8 jc t ( limb a cs . cmtribi , „ Pt rn mj „ ) 5

>   g8
8nn m a n m c ( g ) 5
94   N8 s t r 6 b o u f a c ( j c t ( l i m b a c s . n m g c r n o r , „ P t r n m j „ ) ) 5
99   P8str6 bo uf a c ( j c t ( l i m b a c s . s u p c r n o r , „ P t r n m j „ ) ) 5
96   m8str6 bo uf a c ( j c t ( l i m b a c s . n t c r i ` n o m c s , „ P t r n m j „ ) ) 5
90

92

93

97   cz pao t ( limbacs . jr ign `i , g ) 5

9:

9<

9>   x48UN P X 5
64   r8 g z c r o ( g , x4 ) 5
69

66

60   n g    g ( N ) √ g (P) 14
62

63   g o r   e89;m 9
67   x8(N+P)/65
6:
  I(e,0)8P5
6<   I(e, 6)8 N 5
6>   I(e,9)8e5
04   I(e,<)8x5
 7

09   Cr845
06   I(9 ,3)8 Cr 5
00   Ct8if
ifss ( ( ( r x ) / ( r ) ) √ 9 4 4 ) 5
02   I(e, 7)8 Ct 5
03

07   n g    g ( N ) √ g (x) 14
0:   P8
P8x 5
0<   I(e+9,9)8e+95
0>
  I(e+9,0)8P5
24   I(e+9,6
I(e+9,6)8 )8 N 5
29   x8(N+P)/65
26   I(e+9,2)8x5
20   Cr 8   ifsif s ( ( I(
I( e + 9 , 2 ) I
I(( e , 2 ) ) / ( ( I(
I( e + 9 , 2 ) ) ) √ 9 4 4 ) 5
22   I(e+9,3)8Cr 5
23   Ct8ififss ( ( ( r x ) / ( r ) ) √ 9 4 4 ) 5
27   I(e+9,7)8Ct 5
2:   s c n g    g ( N ) √ g (x) =4
c a sc
2<   N8x 5
N8x
2>   I(e+9,9)8e+95
34   I(e+9,6
I(e+9,6)8 )8 N 5
39   I(e+9,0)8P5
36   x8(N+P)/65
30   I(e+9,2)8x5
32   Cr 8   ifsif s ( ( I(
I( e + 9 , 2 ) I
I(( e , 2 ) ) / ( ( I(
I( e + 9 , 2 ) ) ) √ 9 4 4 ) 5
33   I(e+9,3)8Cr 5
37   Ct8if ifss ( ( ( r x ) / ( r ) ) √ 9 4 4 ) 5
3:   I(e+9,7)8Ct 5
3<   casc
3>   x8N 5 P8N 5
74

79   cmb
76

70   cmb
72   cmb
73

77   s c t ( lim bac s . tif ai , „ Bi

Bititi „ ,,I)
I) 5
7:   s c t ( limba cs . ri n z , „ Pt rn m j „ , x ) 5
7<   casc
7>   s c t ( limb a cs . ri n z , „ Pt rn mj „ , „ B n v crjc „ )5
:4   cmb

Cm ai snjuncmtc nhijcm sc hucstri ca nmtcrgiz bc usuirno cm ca cbntor bc bnscˑm

moo JSNBC,
`om aos bitos y ca `²ia`uao
ia`uao yi rcianzibo cm ca ckcr`n`no;
 :

`oho sc pucbc ofscrvir   xr   8 3,3:<905 rcchpaizimbo cm ai gum`n²oom

m g(x);

g(x)8 x   2 ∖ <x0 ∖ 03x6 + 234x ∖ 9449,

90)8 3.3:<90   2 ∖ < √ 3,3:<900 ∖ 03 √ 3,3:<906 + 234 √ 3,3:<90 ∖ 9449,

g(3.3:<90)8
g(3.3:<

g(3.3:<90)8-4.6247<<   ≌ 4

Cstc viaor sc i`cr`i i -4.6, pcro sn sc lir lir²²Ĺim h²

is
is ntcri`nomcs aos crrorcs bnshnmuycm y   xr
sc
scr²
r²ĹĹii h²iiss cxi
cxi`to
`to y cstc viaor cviauibo cm g(x) sc ipr
iproxnhir
oxnhir²²Ĺi ii²
u
um
² m hu`lo h²iiss i `cro.

Cm ai snjuncmtc nhijcm, sc hucstri piri listi 94 ntcri`nomcs

 <

`oho sc pucbc ofscrvir   xr   8 3,74<<>5 rcchpaizimbo cm ai gum`n²oom

m g(x);

g(x)8 x   2 ∖ <x0 ∖ 03x6 + 234x ∖ 9449,

<>)8 3.74<<>   2 ∖ < √ 3,74<<>0 ∖ 03 √ 3,74<<>6 + 234 √ 3,74<<> ∖ 9449,

g(3.74<<>)8
g(3.74<

g(3.74<<>)8-4.44:039>   ≌ 4

Cstc viaor
viaor sc i`cr`i i²u
um
m his i 4 y cs iiss²Ĺ quc i h²iiss nt
ntcri`
cri`nomcs
nomcs sc ttncmc
ncmc umi ri
ri²²Ĺz h²iiss cxi`ti

TVOFACHI 7.3

Chpacc ca h²cctobo
tobo bc Mcwtom-
Mcwtom-Viplsom
Viplsom piri bctcrhn
bctcrhnmir
mir umi ri
ri²²Ĺz rcia bc g(x)8-
 6 0
9+3.3x-2 x + 4,3x `om ca uso bc cac``nomcs nmn`niacs bc i) 2.36, y f) 2.32. Cstubnc
y usc h²cctobos
tobos jr²ii﬉`os
﬉`os y imia
imia²²Ĺtn`os piri cxpan`
cxpan`ir
ir `uiaqun
`uiaquncr
cr pc`uanirnbib
pc`uanirnbib cm sus
rcsuatibos.

TVOFACHI 7.99

m x   0 + 6x6 ∖ 2x + < tncmc umi ri²

Ai gum`n²oom ri²Ĺz bofac cm x 8 6.Chpacc

i ) Ca h²cctobo
to bo cst²iimbir
mbir bc Mcwtom-Viplsom Uc`. (7.7)X

f ) Ca h²cctobo
tobo bc Mcwtom-Viplsom hobn﬉`ibo Uc`. (7.>i)X

` ) Ca h²cctobo
tobo bc Mcwtom-
Mcwtom-Viplsom
Viplsom hobn﬉`ibo Uc`. (7.90)X piri rcsoav
rcsoavcr
cr piri ai
ri²
ri²Ĺz
Ĺz cm x86. @ohpirc y imian`c ai tisi bc `omv
`omvcrjcm`ni
crjcm`ni `om um viaor nmn`nia
x4   8 9,6.
 >

TVOFACHI 7.9:
Bcsirroaac
Bcsirro aac um proj
projrihi
rihi ihn
ihnjifa
jifacc piri ca usui
usuirno
rno piri ca h² cctobo
tobo bc Mcw
Mcwtom-
tom-
Viplsom, `om fisc cm ai ﬉juri 7.2 y ai sc``n²oomm 7.6.0. Tru²ccfcao
fcao por hcbno b
bcc rrcpctnr
cpctnr
ca `²iia`uao
a`uao bca ckchpao 7.0.

TVOFACHI 7.960

 g  x  timl x6 ∖
i ) Ipanquc ca h²
cviauir su ri²cctobo
ri² Ĺztobo
rciabc Mcwtom-Viplsom
`omo
`omo`nbi i aium
`nbi cm  x  8 0 Ssc ggum`n²
um`n²
oom
viaorm nmn`nia
( ) 8bc  x 4  8
( 0,6 >) piri
y liji
um h²ĹĹmnho
mnho bc ``uitro
uitro ntcri
ntcri`nomc
`nomcs.
s.

f ) ¿ `omv
`omvcrjc
crjc ca h²cctobo
tobo i su ri²
ri²ĹĹzz rcia? Fosquck
Fosquckii ai jr²i﬉`i
i﬉`i `om aos rcsuatibos
piri `ibi ntcri`n²om
om quc oftcmji.