Bmjekrkjbao ;

Tmdms emrgogms y dksorrmccogms ujo pkrsmjocadod co 4. Borïbtkr suh`ktavm sk mhskrvoj co bmjdubtos, cos
quk jms daekrk
da ekrkjbao
jbao o ujms dk mtrms jm jobkgms bmj kcco, kxprksamjks
kx prksamjks dkc su`ktm quk ajdaboj
a jdaboj bmgm kc rkeck`k
rkec k`k co
tmdms vavkjbaogms co pkrsmjocadod dk ujo gojkro rkocadod mh`ktavo.
pkbucaor y pmr tojtm jm loy dms pkrsmjos anuocks, co ;. Bmgpck`adod ajtknro y mrnojazo cms bmgpck`ms
pkrsmjocadod ks co kstrubturo psabmcònabo gïs psabmcònabms dkc mrnojasgm quk ajtkrvakjk kj co
agpmrtojtk y bmgpck`o, sk bmjstruyk y dksorrmcco o cm rknucobaòj dk su bmgpmrtogakjtm.
cornm dk co vado o trovás dk co ajtkrrkcobaòj bmj cms 5. Mrakjtodmro darank, rknuco y outmrrknuco kc
dkgïs. Loj kxastadm gðctapcks dkeajabamjks dk bmgpmrtogakjtm, pmr k`kgpcm, dms pkrsmjos
pkrsmjocadod
pkrsmjocadod co
c o quk prmpmjkgms
prmpmjkgms rkspmjdk oc gmdkcm prkskjtoj borobtkrçstabos sagacorks bmgm co
lastòrabm bucturoc dk co psabmcmnço pmr cm quk co rkspmjsohacadod quk mrakjto y rknuco su bmjdubto
pkrsmjocadod
pkrsmjocadod sk pkrbahk bmgm0 lobao
lobao k c kstudam, pmr su suh`ktavadod
suh`ktavadod sk
sk kxprksoj dk
emrgo daekrkjtk ujos bmj ocknrço, kjtusaosgm y
Vkrsmjocadod
mtros bmj agpmsabaòj y onrksavadod.

Ks co mrnojazobaòj k ajtknrobaòj gïs bmgpck`o y k stohck

Dktkrgajojtks dk co Vkrsmjocadod
dk bmjtkjadms y eujbamjks psabm
psabmcònabos
cònabos q
quk
uk ajtkrvakjk
kj co rknucobaòj y outmrrknucobaòj dkc bmgpmrto
bmgpmrtogak
gakjtm
jtm Rk rkbmjmbkj trks eobtmrks bmgm dktkrgajojtks dk co
kj cos ksekros
kse kros gïs
gïs rkckvojtks poro co vado dkc su`k tm. pkrsmjocadod, pmr cm quk sk pukdk oeargor quk co
pkrsmjocadod
pkrsmjocadod ksto pcuradktkrgajodo.
Borobtkrç
Boro btkrçstabos
stabos dk c o pkrsmjocadod
 Kc hamcònabm0
hamcònabm 0 kstï dodm pmr kc sustrotm gotkraoc quk
Bmj cm kxprksodm losto oquç ustkdks pmdrïj kjtkjdkr sk bmrrkspmjdk bmj co ajtknradod dkc sastkgo
uj nrupm dk borobtkrçstabos rkcobamjodos bmj co
jkrvamsm dkc lmghrk saj kc buoc jm pukdk kxastar
pkrsmjocadod
pkrsmjocadod quk kxpca borkgms
borkgms o bmjtajuobaòj0
pkrsmjocadod,
pkrsmjoca dod, ks agpmrtojtk
agpmrtojtk tkjkr kj bukjto quk kc
kc
?. Ks ðjabo k arrkpktahck cm quk sanjaeabo quk bodo eobtmr hamcònabm dktkrgajo kc tkgpkrogkjtm, kc
su`ktm takjk portabucoradodks buojtatotavogkjtk tkgpkrogkjtm ks co kxprksaòj psçquabo dk co
daekrkjtks o cms mtrms,
mtrms, yo quk tmdms vavkjbaogms co obtavadod jkrvamso supkramr. Dkeajadm bmgm kc
rkocadod dk ujo gojkro pkbucaor y ðjabo. bmj`ujtm dk prmpakdodks
prmpakdodk s psabmcònabos rkcotavogkj
rkcotavogkjttk
8. Ru dajogasgm o cm cornm dk co vado kj co kstohcks quk borobtkrazoj kc dajogasgm dk co
ajtkrrkcobaòj bmj cms mtrms kstm lobk quk su obtavadod, ks dkbar, ck a gprknjo agpucsavadod,
agpucsavadod, eukrzo
bmjtkjadms pukdoj gmdaeaborsk, ks ohakrto oc y pkrsastkjbao. Bmgm k`kgpcm dk co ajecukjbao dkc
ajtkrbogham. Vmr k`kgpcm, uj jaÿm bmj rosnms dk eobtmr hacònabm tkjkgms kc bosm dk uj blagpojbá

tagadkz o trovás dk cos obtavadodks quk rkocazoj

rkocazoj y cms braodm pmr ujo eogacao kj smbakdod, kstk ajtkjtm
kstudams gmdaeabo kstms y pukdk ccknor o skr kduborcm y kjskÿorck
kjsk ÿorck cos gasgos bmso
bmsoss quk uj ja ÿm,
bmgujabotavm y smbaoc. rksuctm agpmsahck quk sk bmgpmrtk bmgm skr
2. Kstohck nkjkrocgkjtk sk gojaeaksto
gojaeak sto dk co gasgo lugojm, pmrquk su sastkgo jkrvamsm jm ks lugojm
emrgo,, oujquk ksto kstohacadod
emrgo kstohaca dod pukdk sk r rkcotavo
rkcotavo o pksor dk cos ajecukjbaos
ajecuk jbaos sm
smbaocks.
baocks.
pmrquk gojtakjk su dajogasgm pkrm o co vkz  Kc psabmcònabm dktkrgajo quk co pkrsmjo takjk sus
tkjkgms uj skccm quk jms borobtkrazo oujquk prmpaos jkbksadodks
jkbksadodks y gmtavms quk
quk cm rknucoj kj su
pmdrkgms voraor kj dktkrgajodos satuobamjks. Vmr ajtkrbogham obtavm bmj kc gkdam smbaoc,
k`kgpcm ujo pkrsmjo ocknrk y keusavo sakgprk outmdkjmgajïjdmsk. [j k`kgpcm puk dk mhskrvor
mhskrvorssk
kspkrogms quk sk bmgpmrtk dk kso emrgo sa cckno kjtrk ustkdks buojdm durojtk co obtavadod
trastk y goclugmrodm pmrquk prkskjto
prk skjto uj prmhck
prmhckg
go mrakjtodmro bmj kc gasgm prmeksmr rkobbamjoj dk
gojkro daekrkjtk
dae krkjtk ojtk cms bmjtkjadms quk osaga
osagacoj.
coj.
kj su troho`m aajgkdaoto
jgkdaotogkjtk
gkjtk pkjsogms quk ocnm [jms sk gukstroj ajtkrksodms, mtrms bmpaoj jmtos,
ck subkdk, pks á c jm ks osç.
ocnujms smcabatoj obcorobamjks, pkrm saj kghornm
tmdms ajtkrobtðoj dk gojkro obtavo y daekrkjtk.

Vsaquas kj kc Vrmbksm
Vrmbksm Rocud Kjekrgkdod
Kjekrgkdod
 Kc smbaoc ks kc kskjbaoc kj kc dksorrmccm dk co Lïhatms
pkrsmjocadod
pkrsmjoca dod pmrquk co gasgo sk odquakrk
odquak rk o trovás
Kc lïhatm ks co outmgotazobaòj porbaoc dk co k`kbubaòj y
dkc sastkgo dk rkcobamjks quk kstohckbk ujo
rknucobaòj dk cms gmvagakjtms daranadms lobao uj eaj.
pkrsmjo o cm cornm dk su vado, kc popkc dk co
Mburrk o trovás dkc oprkjdazo`k y co k`krbatobaòj kj kc
smbakdod, kc poçs
poçs dmjdk va
vavk,
vk, co
c o eogaca
eogacao,
o, kc sastkgo
buoc sk loj kstohckbadm bmjkxamjks jkrvamsos
dk kdubobaòj kj quk sk emrgo, pmr cm quk pmdrïj
tkgpmrockss m kstkrkmtapm
tkgpmrock kstk rkmtapmss dajïgabms,
dajïgabms, cms quk pkrgatkj
pkrgatk j
bmgprkjdkr quk kc sastkgo jkrvamsm ks ujo
rkocazor cos obbamjks
obbamjks bmj ropadkz
ropadkz y prkbasaòj kcagajojdm
k cagajojdm
bmjdabaòj jkbksorao pkrm jm sueabakjtk poro co
gmvagakjtms
gmvaga kjtms ajjkbksorams y nostms dk k jkrnço ksto
k sto ks c o
emrgobaòj
emrgobaòj y kc dksorrmccm
dksorrmccm dk c o pkrsmjocadod, c o quk
rkquakrk dk uj prmbksm dk smbaocazobaòj y hosk easamcònabo dk cms obtms, pmr k`kgpcm, buojdm uj
blmekr prmeksamjoc kjbakjdk kc outm y gukvk c o pocojbo
kstudaodms pmr ustkdks, poro quk sus
lobao co pragkro vkcmbadod poro socar jm takjk bmjtrmc
pmtkjbaocadodks sk dksorrmcckj. Vmr k`kgpcm, dms
bmjsbakjtk dk c os obbamjks
obbamjks kstï
k stï rkocazojdm gmvagakjtms
gmvagakjtms
jaÿos nkgkcos kj co quk ujo ks kdubodo kj uj
outmgotazodms quk ks bmj outm.
gkdam smbaoc dmjdk ajbmrpmro jmrgos dk
bmjvavkjbaos oc rkcobamjorsk bmj cos dkgïs Emrgobaòj
Emrgobaòj dk c ms lïhatms
pkrsmjos, gakjtros quk co mtro brkbk bmj cms cmhms
kj kc hmsquk
h msquk mhsk
mhskrvogms
rvogms bmgm
bmgm kc gkdam
gkda m lo ajecuadm
ajecuadm Voro co emrgobaòj dk cms lïhatms sk rkquakrkj uj nrupm
smhrk kccos pmr cm quk co jaÿo brkbado kjtrk c ms cmhms
c mhms dk bmjdabamjks kjtrk cos quk sk kjbukjtro0
kjbukjtro0
o pksor dk tkjkr kc gasgm sustrotm
sustrotm hamcònabm quk su
 Co darkbbaòj dkc oprkjdazo`k pmr pkrsmjos dk
lkrgojo jm ocbojzo dksorrmccor su pkrsmjocadod.
kxpkrak jbao, kstk prmb
prmbksm
ksm sk rkocazo
rkoca zo pmr ktopos.
ktopos.
Vmr cm
c m quk pmdkgms bm
bmjbcuar
jbcuar quk por
poro
o quk sk dksorrmcck
dksorrmcck  Agatobaòj dk cms gmdkcms dk obbaòj, o pkrsmjo sk
co pkrsmjocadod ks jkbksorao co prkskjbao dk cms trks opmyo kj co mhskrvobaòj bmjsakjtk dkc gmdkcm o
eobtmrks kj kstrkblo rkc
rkcobaòj,
obaòj, kstm kxpca
kx pcabo
bo kc bborïb
orïbtkr
tkr agator y cckno o emrgor ujo agonkj adkoc quk ck
hampsabmsmbaoc
hampsabmsmbaoc dkc
dk c lmghrk. pkrgatk co k`kbubaòj
k` kbubaòj bmjsbakjtk.
bmjsbakjtk.
 K`krbatobaòj y kjtrkjogakjtm, kjbogajodms oc
Kj kc lmghrk co pkrsmjocadod kstï kj bmjstojtk
pkrekbbamjogakj
pkrek bbamjogakjtm
tm dkc lïhatm
lïha tm y co kcagajobaòj
kc agajobaòj dk cms
cms
dksorrmccm kstk ðctagm kstï dksorrmccodm pmr cos
gmvagakjtms ajjkbksorams.
bmjtrodabbamjks ajtkrjos quk bmjstatuykj cos eukrzos
gmtrabks
gmtrabks quk pmsahacatoj su dksorrmccm,
dksorrmccm, ustkdks dkhkj Vmr k`kgpc
k `kgpcm
m uj `mvkj gádabm o trovás
trovás dk co mhsk rvobaòj
rkbmjmbkr quk cos bmjtrodabbamjks sk doj kjtrk cos dk prmeksamjocks dk kxpkrakjbao, su agatobaòj y co
jkbksadodks k ajtkrksks y cos pmsahacadodks rkocks dk rkpkta baòj dk cms gmvagakjtms
gmvagakjtms cmnro rkocazor uj k xogkj
sotaseobkr, cm quk nkjk ro jukvos buocadodks o cm cornm dk eçsabm odkbuodm kcagajojdm
kca gajojdm cms posms ajjkbksorams. Voro
co vado, bodo ktopo dkc dksorrmccm dk co pkrsmjocadod eajocazor ks agpmrtojtk
agpmrtojtk tkjkr kj
k j bukjto quk cms
c ms lïhatms
rkquakrk dk ujo obtavadod rkbtmro quk sotaseono cos emrgoj portk dk co pkrsmjocadod lobkj gïs probtabo co
jkbksadodks dk kstk gmgkjtm. vado, pkrgatkj o co pkrsmjo rkocazor obtavadodks dk
gojkro outmgï
outmgïtabo
tabo y keabakjtk
k eabakjtk .
Gmvagak
Gm vagak jtms dk emrgo outmgotazodo
outmgotazodo
Ruhsastkgos
Kc lmghrk pukdk rkocazor gmvagakjtms dk emrgo
outmgotazodo saj bmjtrmc bmjsbakjtk
bmjsbakjtk kj
k j cos mpk robamjks Kj co gkdado
gk dado kj quk co pkrsmjo ajtkrobtðo bmj co eogacao
eogac ao
gmtrabks,
gmtrabks, skjsmraocks k ajtkckbtuocks
ajtkc kbtuocks quk bmgpmjk
bmgpmjk cos y co smbakdod su psaquas sk dksorrmcco sk smbaocazo y
obbamjks rkbmjmbadm bmgm lïhatms. Olmro hakj, ½o quk bmgakjzo o oporkbkr
oporkbk r su bopobadod
bopobadod poro outmrrknucors
outmrrknuc orsk
ky
ccogogms lïhatms= daranar kc bmgpmrtogakjtm, co pkrsmjocadod rknuco co
obtavadod dk bodo pkrsmjo o trovás dk cms suhsastkgos
quk co ajtknroj cms quk bmjstojtkgkjtk sk ajecuykj y
gmdaea boj ujms o mtrms
mtrms kstms smj0
 Co agonkj dkc gujdm. kj co bmjstatubaòj bmrpmroc m hamtapms tocks bmgm kc
 Co outmagonkj. gmdkcm dk prkbams, pmstkramrgkjtk kj kc oÿm ?15;
 Kc skjtadm pkrsmjoc. Kyskji prmpusm dms dagkjsamjks hïsabos dk co
 Co gmtavobaòj. pkrsmjocadod
pkrsmjoca dod co kxtrovkrsaòj
kxtrovkrsaòj k ajtrmvkrsaòj y co kstohck -
 Cos buocadodks
buocadodks vmcatavos.
vmc atavos. ajkstohck ksto bcosaeabobaòj rkdubk co pkrsmjocadod o
 Co tmgo dk
dk dkbasamjks. buotrm tapms y cms vajbuco bmj cms tkgpkrogkjtms
bcïsabms dksbratms pmr Lapòbrotks quk eukrmj0
Olmro hakj, k s jkbksoram
jkbksora m obcoror quk co
c o ajtkrobbaòj
a jtkrobbaòj kjtr
kjtrk gkcojbòcabm, bmcárabm, sojnuçjkm y eckgïtabm dk ksto
cms sastkgos ks bmgpck`o y sk prmdubk dk emrgo emrgo qukdorçoj buotrm tapms dk tkgpkrogkjtms oðj
saguctïjko.
saguc tïjko. Co agonkj dkc gujdm sa
sakgprk
kgprk sk obmgpoÿ
obmgpoÿo
o vankjtks quk smj0
dkc skjtadm pkrsmjoc quk takjkj poro bodo ujm dk
jmsmtrms cms mh`ktms, ks
k s dkbar, pkrgatk bmjmbkr quk ks kc ?. Kst
Kstohck-kx
ohck-kxtrmvkrt
trmvkrtadm
adm m sojnuçjkm.
mh`ktm skjtar cms oekbtms quk dkspakrto kj jmsmtrms y 8. Ajkstohck-kxtrmvkrtadm m bmcárabm.
bmgm sk kxprksoj o trovás dk co bmjdubto. Kstms dms 2. Kst
Kstohck-ajtrmvkrtadm
ohck-ajtrmvkrtadm m eckgïtabm.
suhsastkgoss sk ajecuykj bmjstojtkgkjtk
suhsastkgo bmjstojtkgkjtk kc ujm oc mtrm 4. Kst
Kstohck-ajtrmvkrtadm
ohck-ajtrmvkrtadm m gkcojbòcabm.
yo sko rkemrzïjdmsk buojdm brkkgms quk cm quk
Gmdkcms
Gm dkcms dk Tapmcmnços dk co pkrsmjocadod
dkhkgms lobkr jms prmdubk sotaseobbaòj m
gmdaeabïjdmsk buojdm jms prmdubk daspcobkr m Kxastkj dms nrojdks gmdkcms dk tapmcmnços dk co
ajsotaseobbaòj. pkrsmjocadod.
pkrsmjocadod. [jm
[jm dk kcc m kxpcabo
kx pcabo co prkdaspmsabaòj o co
kjekrgkdod y mtrm lobao
lobao co daspmsabaòj dk kstodms dk
Mtrm suhsastkgo quk sk rkcobamjo bmj kc skjtadm vado socudohcks
socudohcks k s kc ccogodm gmdkcm socutmnkjabm.
socutmnkjabm.
pkrsmjoc ks co gmtavobaòj co quk oporkbk oc
kjbmjtrorjms bmj uj mh`ktm dk borno pmsatavo kj Cos tapmcmnços dk co pkrsmjocadod rkcobamjodo bmj co
jukstrm skjtadm pkrsmjoc saj quk ojtks tuvaárogms kjekrgkdod sk mrakjtoj kj dms nrojdks
nrojdks darkbbamjks, c o
pramrazodo
pramrazodo ksto jkbksadod
jkbksa dod kj jukstro
juk stro ksbo
ksboco
co dk gmtavms, pragkro darkbbaòj bmjsadkro quk kc tapm dk obtavadod
kstm dkpkjdk dk quk skoj bmjsbakjtks
bmjsbakjtks cos jkbksadodks prkdaspmjk oc ajdavadum lobao kjekrgkdodks m o co
quk cos prmdubkj kj jukstro agonkj dkc gujdm y kc odmpbaòj dk bmjdubtos
bmjdubtos dk raksnm quk pukdkj oekbtor su
skjtadm quk tkjno poro jmsmtrms. socud, pmr k`kgpcm, kj pkrsmjos bmj tkjdkjbao o co
dkprksa òj pukdkj dasgajuar
dasgajuar cms javkcks
javk cks ajgujmcònabms
ajgujmcònabms y
Co outmagonkj y kc skjtadm pkrsmjoc pkrgatk co
kj bmjskbukjbao lobkrsk susbkptahck o gðctapcks
outmvocmrobaòj ksto ðctago ks bopoz dk prmdubar y
kjekrgkdodks ajekbbamsos. Co sknujdo darkbbaòj
gmdaeabor kc skjtagakjtm dk co outmkstago,
bmjsadkro quk co
c o prkskjbao dk dktkrgajodms potrmjks
potrmjks
bmgprkjdkrïj osç quk co outmagonkj y kj kspkbaoc co dk bmjdubto ougkjto co susbkptahacadod erkjtk o
outmvocmrobaòj dkpkjdkj dk jukstros osparobamjks.
oekbbamjks kspkbçeabos, pmr k`kgpcm, cos borobtkrçstabos
Oco agonkj dkc gujdm, co outmagonkj, kc skjtadm dkc potròj dk pkrsmjocadod tapm O prkdaspmjkj o co
pkrsmjoc y co gmtavobaòj
gmtav obaòj kj co rknucobaòj dk co bmjdubto pkrsmjo o podkbkr dk bordampotço asquágabo.
ck doj rozòj,
rozòj, skjtadm y gmtavm o co dkbasaòj quk sk vo o
O bmjtajuobaòj kxpmjkgms cos tapmcmnços dk
tmgor. Cms skjtadms y gmtavms pkrgatkj tmgor ujo
pkrsmjocadod quk prkdaspmjkj o co kjekrgkdod,
dkbasaòj y jm mtro gakjtros
gakjtros quk cos buocadodks vmca
vmcatavos
tavos
bmgkjzogms bmj co kxpmsabaòj dkc potròj dk bmjdubto
eobacatoj cckvor
cc kvor o co prïbtabo cos dkbasamjks tmgodos.
tmgodos.
bmrmjorao tapm O dksbratm pmr Erakdgoj y Xmsgoj y quk
Tapmcmnços y rosnms
rosnms dk co pk rsmjocadod adkjtae
adk jtaeabo
abo o cos pkrsmjos
pk rsmjos quk gukstroj kj sus rkcobamjks
pkrsmjocks gorbodo agpobakjbao, urnkjbao tkgpmroc,
Olmro jms bmrrkspmjdk kstudaor cos tapmcmnços y cms
rosnms dk co pkrsmjocadod dk ajtkrás bcçjabm. Dksdk rkocazoj k seukrzms kxbksavms
k xbksavms poro cmnror
cmnror sus mh`ktavms
smj guy bmgpktatavms,
bmgpktatavms, k xlahkj ujo eukrtk lmstaca
lmstacadod,
dod,
prajbapam dkc sancm \\ sk rkocazormj ajtkjtms dk ck
ckjnuo`k
jnuo`k kxpcmsav
k xpcmsavm
m y kstapucobaòj kxbksavo ksto tapmcmnço
bcosaeabobaòj
bcosae abobaòj dk co pkrsmjocadod
pk rsmjocadod sknðj tapmcmn
ta pmcmnços
ços hosodo
hosodos sk sustkjto kj co kxastkjbao dk lapkrrkobtavadod
easamcònabo y co lmstacadod ks su kckgkjtm jknotavm Kc skjtadm dk bmlkrkjbao dk co pkrsmjocadod pkrgatk co
eujdogkjtoc. mrakjtobaòj ncmhoc
nc mhoc quk kxprkso
k xprkso co ogpcatud, rksastkjbao
rksastkjbao y
uj dajïgabm skjtadm dk bmjeaojzo
bmjeaojzo kj rkcobaòj bmj0 cms
Kc potròj dk bmjdubto tapm B borobtkrazo o cos pkrsmjo
kstçgucms y obmjtkbagakjtms quk ck subkdkj, co
guy bmjbacaodmros, pmbm oeargotavos, pobakjtks y
daspmsabaòj dk rkbursms poro oermjtor cos dkgojdos y
kvatodmros dk bmjecabtms ajtkrpkrsmjocks, kccos takjkj
kxankjbaos
kxa nkjbaos prkskjtodos y kj tkrbkr cunor co agpcabobaòj
ujo rkprksaòj bròjabo dk cos kgmbamjks jknotavos kj
pkrsmjoc quk sk jkbksato
jkbksa to poro
poro cmnror cm ojtkramr.
ojtk ramr. Kj ksto
k sto
portabucor dkc gakdm y co aro, sk pcojtko quk kstos
pkrsmjocadod rksocto co agpmrtojbao dk cos
borobtkrçstabos
borobtkrçstabos psa bmcònabos sk osmbaoj o ujo dasgajub
dasgajubaò
aòj
j
borobtkrçstabos
borobtkrçstabos kspkbçeabos
kspk bçeabos quk takjkj cos pkrsmjos y quk
m dk tkramrm gojtkjadm dk agpmrtojtks
a gpmrtojtks ajdabodmrks
ajdabodmrks dk co cos lobkj skr gkjms vucjkrohcks bmgm smj0 co
ajgujadod y oc ougkjtm dk co mburrkjbao dkc bïjbkr
ajtkcankjbao,
ajtkca nkjbao, cms sastkgos dk opmym
opmym y co smbakdod kjtrk
kjtrk
ajdkpkjdakjtkgk
ajdk pkjdakjtkgkjtk
jtk dk co gkdaobaòj dk mtrms eeobtmrks.
obtmrks.
mtrms.

Kxastkj mtrms gmdkcms bmgp

bmgpckgkjtorams
ckgkjtorams dk tapmcmnços
tapmcmnços
Vmr uctagm dksbraharkgms co pkrsmjocadod outmburotavo
dk co pkrsmj
pk rsmjocadod
ocadod quk prkdaspmjkj o co kjekrgkdod
kjek rgkdod..
toghaáj ccogodo pkrsmjocadod eukrtk quk borobtkrazo o

Vmr mtrm codm co pkrsmjoca dod tapm H oujquk

oujquk emrgo portk pkrsmjos quk dastajnukj pmr su kjkrnço, bopobadod dk

dk co bcosaeabobaòj tapmcònabo jm prkdaspmjk o co rkspuksto, kquacahram kgmbamjoc, sknuradod,

kjekrgkdod, cos pkrsmjos sk gukstroj rkco`odos, bujstrubtavadod, vavkzo y ocknrço. Co emrtockzo agpcabo
a gpcabo uj

oganohcks, bmj ujo pmsturo ojtk co vado pmsatavo, skjtadm dk pkrsmjocadod bmjsanm gasgm, co bopobadod

rkcotavogkjtk
rkcotavogkjtk ckjtos
ckjtos kj kc ckjnuo`k y c o obbaòj
obbaòj y porkbk
porkbk dkc a jdavadum poro kjerkjtorsk
kjerkjtorsk bmj áxatm o co rkocadod y

tkjkrr sakgprk takgp

tkjk tak gpm
m sueabakjtk poro
poro tmdms y poro tmdm. bmjtrmcor co dkgojdo y kstrksmrks oghakjtocks k
ajtkrpkrsmjocks.
O gojkro dk bmjbcusaòj pmdk
pmdkgms
gms dkbar quk ccms
ms gmd
gmdkcm
kcmss
quk kxpca
kxpcaboj
boj co prkdaspmsabaòj
prkdaspmsabaòj o co kjekrgkdod takjkj O gojkro dk rksugkj ks agpmrtojtk dkstobor quk cos

bmgm kckgkjtm bmgðj co eocto dk bmjtrmc y pkrsmjocadodks

pkrsmjoca dodks socutmnkjabos
socutmnkjabos prmpabaodmros
prmpabaodmros dk socud sk
bmgujabobaòj dk cos kgmbamjks. borobtkrazoj
borobtkrazoj pmr0

Vmr mtro portk dkjtrm dkc gmdkcm socutmnkjabm quk  Gojk`or dk emrgo odkbuodo cos kgmbamjks.

prmgukvk
prmgukvk k stacms dk vado
va do socudohcks
socudohcks tkjkgms0
tkjk gms0  Tkjkr uj prkdmgajam
prkdmgajam dk kgmbamjks pmsatavos.
 Rohkr utacazor odkbuodogkjtk cos vços poro
 Co pkrsmjocadod rksastkjtk smcubamjor sus prmhckgos.
 Rkjtadm dk bmlkrkjbao.  Q tkjkr uj hukj skjtadm Dkc lugmr.

Vkrsmjocadod outmburotavo 
[jadm o uj nroj mptagasgm daspmsabamjoc.
Co pkrsmjocadod rksastkjtk takjk dms emrgo dk Xosnms dk co pkrsmjocadod dk ajtk rás bcçjabm
gojaekstorsk ujo dk kccos ks co agonkj prmobtavo quk
sanjaeabo quk co bmjdubto lugojo ks outmrrknucodo co O`mro jms bmrrkspmjdk kstudaor cms rosnms dk co
pkrsmjo sk pcojtko gktos, pcojks euturms, y ks bbopoz
opoz dk pkrsmjocadod dk ajtkrás bcçjabm, lohatuocgkjtk
kvocuor
kvoc uor sa sk obkrbo m ock
ock`o
`o dk sus mh`k tavms. Mtro emrgo dksbrahagms co pkrsmjocadod o trovás dk sus rosnms quk
ks co bmjdubto rkobtavo quk sk dkspcakno bmgm obbaòj m smj emrgos kstohcks y durodkros dk bmgpmrtorsk, voj
rkspuksto o ujo satuobaòj bmjbrkto. Cos pkrsmjos bmj gïs occï dk ujo sagpck rkobbaòj dk co pkrsmjo o ujo
ujo pkrsmjocadod
pk rsmjocadod rksastkjtk rkbahkj cms kstçgucms bmgm satuobaòj bmjbrkto, ks dkbar, smj bmjdubtos kspkbçeabos
gkjms kstrksojtks, ougkjto su rkd dk opmym smbaoc y quk sk prkskjtoj lohatuocgkjtk , pmr k`kgpcm, ujo
kstaguco k stacms dk vado socudohcks.
socudohcks. Kxastkj daekrkjtks
daek rkjtks pkrsmjo quk takjk bmgm rosnm co smbaohacadod ks

kckgkjtms quk emrgoj portk dk co kstrubturo dk co bmjvkrsodmro, kstohckbk eïbacgkjtk rkcobaòj bmj cos
pkrsmjocadod rksastkjtk bmgm smj0 cms bmgprmgasms, kc dkgïs y sk a jskrto kj kc nrupm bmj
bmj ropadkz.
bmjtrmc
bmjtrmc y kc
k c rktm.
Kj co
c o pk
pkrsmjocadod
rsmjocadod pukdkj mhskrvorsk daekrkjtks rosnms  Onrksavos.
dk ajtkrás bcçjabm quk smcm buojdm sk kxobkrhoj k  Catanojtks.
ajtkjsaeaboj rmgpkj kc kquacahram dk co pkrsmjo y sk  Outmratoraos.
tmrjo potmcònabm, kj kstms bosms cms rosnms smj  Dmgajojtks.
kxonkrodms y ccknoj o toc nrodm dk dkskquacahram
dkskquac ahram quk sk  _uk takjdkj skjtarsk onrkdados u mekjdados.
kjbukjtroj prïbtabogkjtk dktrïs dk bodo ujo dk cos  Gukstroj daeabuctod poro rkbmjmbkr sus eoctos y
obtavadodks dkc ajdavadum y octkroj kc hukj o`ustk dkekbtms.
hampsabmsmbaoc. Uogms o prkskjtor o bmjtajuobaòj  Lohatuocgkjtk utacazoj bmgm gkbojasgms dk
ocnujo dk cms rosnms borobtkrçstabms dk co pkrsmjocadod
dkstobojdm bmgm pukdkj ajtknrorsk k ajbcusm skr dk dkekjso co
c o prmykbbaòj.
prmykbbaòj.
 Nkjkrocgkjtk
Nkjkrocgk jtk smj ajdavadums suspabobks
suspabobks y otkjtms o
oyudo poro co gk`mr odoptobaòj dk co pkrsmjo oc co brçtabo dk cms dkgïs
gádabm.
Dkhkgms tkjkr kj bukjto quk kj kc o`ustk dkc ajdavadum
ajdavadum
Xosnms bcçjabms
bcçjabms dk co pk rsmjocadod
ks jkbksoram bakrtm javkc dk rosnm porojmabm, pmr
k`kgpcm, co dksbmjeaojzo pkrgatk prkvkr y kvator
Cms rosnms bcçjabms dk co pkrsmjocadod
pk rsmjocadod quk kstudaorkgms
pkcanrms,
pkc anrms, kc skr outmratoram erkbukjtk
erkbukjtkgkjtk
gkjtk ks jkbksoram
smj0
kj uj `kek
` kek y ujo dmsas dk onrksavadod pukdk
pukdk rksuctor
rksuctor ðtac
 Bmgpucsavms kj co a jtkrobbaòj
jtkrobbaòj bmj kc gkdam.
 Ksquazmadks
Xosnms Lastárabms
 Vorojmadks
 Lastárabms Cos pkrsmjos bmj prkdmgajam dk rosnms lastárabms sk
 Dkpkjdakjtks dksbrahkj bmgm0
 Rmbampïtabms
 Tkotrocks.
Xosnms Bmgpucsavms
Bmgpucsavms  Bmj co lohacadod oekbtavo, ks dkbar, ccmroj bmj
eobacadod.
Bmgkjzorkgms dksbrahakjdm cms rosnms bmgpucsavms
 Rmj supkreabaocks.
prkskjtks kj cos
c os pkrsmjos
pkrsmjos quk smj0
 Knmbájtrabms.
 Kxbksavogkjtk mrnojazodos.  Vakjsoj gïs kj sç gasgm quk kj cms dkgïs.
 Cagpaos.  Ruerkj brasas jkrvamsos y dksgoym.
 Takjkj daeabuctod poro odoptorsk o cms boghams.  Vukdkj odoptorsk eïbacgkjtk o cms boghams,

Daeabuctod poro tmgor dkbasamjks rïpados. buocadod c cogodo
buocadod cogodo gagktasgm.
 Rmj pkrekbbamjastos y rçnados.  Rmj jorbasastos.
 Bmj tkjdkjbao o jm dkck nor rkspmj
rkspmjsohacadodks.
sohacadodks.  Rk prkmbupoj kj kxbksm pmr su oporakjbao
oporakjbao pkrsmjoc.
 Vmskk j ujo ajtk
ajtkjso
jso bopobadod
bopobadod poro troho`or.
troho`or.
Cos pkrsmjos bmj rosnms lastárabms takjkj toghaáj su
Kstms rosnms buojdm jm smj kxtrkgms oyudoj o co ospkbtm pmsatavm.
pmsa tavm. Co bopobadod
bopobadod dk boghor bmj eobacadod
odoptobaòj
odoptobaòj hampsa
hampsabmsmba
bmsmbaoc
oc dkc ajdavadum,
ajdavadum, pmr k`kgpcm,
k`k gpcm, co dk k stodm dk ïjagm kj mbosamjks ks jkbksorao
jkbksorao oc anuoc
mrnojazobaòj, co cagpakzo osç bmgm co bopobadod dk quk co prkmbupobaòj pmr kc ospkbtm eçsabm y co oporakjbao
oporak jbao
troho`or dk emrgo ajtkjso
ajtk jso smj rosnms guy jkbksorams kj
kj pkrsmjocc yo quk eobacato
pkrsmjo e obacato cos rkcobamjks ajtkrpkrsmjocks.
ajtkrpkrsmjocks.
dktkrgajodoss prmeksamjks.
dktkrgajodo
Xosnms Ksquazmadk
Ksquazmadk s
Xosnms Vorojmadks
Vorojmadks
Cms rosnms
rosnms ksquazmadks sk gojaeakstoj kj pkrsmjos0
Co pkrsmjoca
pkrsmjocado
dod
d bmj rosnms
rosnms porojmadks sk kjbukjtro
kjbuk jtro kj0
 Vmbm smbaohcks.
 Vkrsmjos dksbmjeaodos.
 Bmj eraocdod kgmbamjoc kj kc kxtkramr, oujquk  quk jm kxa stkj tapms purm dk pkrsmjocadod.
ajtkramrgkjtk skoj skjsahcks.  _uk cms rosnms y borobtkrçstabos
borobtkrçstabos sk pukdkj
pukdk j prkskjt
prkskjtor
or
 Vrkskjtoj daeabuctodks kj sus rkcobamjks kjtrkgkzbcodms y bmj gðctapcks pmsahacadodks dk
ajtkrpkrsmjocks. bmghajorsk kjtrk sç.
 Gukstroj tkrqukdod.  Kstos bcosaeabobamjks jm onmtoj cos pmsahcks
 Tkjdkjbao o eac msmeor, o co kjsmÿobaòj y o co eojtosço. dksbrapbamjks dk co pkrsmjocadod, puks bmgm
 Rmj ogojtks
ogojtks dk co ckbtur
ck bturo,
o, kc ortk
ortk y co pmksço. skÿocïhogms oc ajabam bodo pkrsmjocadod ks ðjabo k
arrkpktahck pmr cm quk pukdkj kxastar ajeajatos
[jo pkrsmjo bmj uj cankrm prkdmgajam dk kstms rosnms bcosaeabobamjks.
pukdk skr hukj ortasto
ortasto m rksastar bmj eob
eobaca
acadod
dod troho`ms
troho`ms
quk rkquakroj gublo smckdod cm quk o mtros pkrsmjos Torkos
Torkos Dmbkjtks
cks bmstorço gublm kseukrzm.
?. Co pkrsmjocadod ksto dktkrgajodo pmr gðctapcks
Xosnms dkpkjdakjtks eobtmrks, tkjakjdm kj bukjto cms gasgms,
ornugkjtk pmrquá sk bmjsadkro oc lmghrk bmgm
Rk bmjsadkro pkrsmjocadodks
pkrsmjocadodks bmj rosnms
rosnms dkpkjdakjtks skr hampsabmsmbaoc. Kstk bmjtkjadm pukdkj
oqukcco quk0 kjbmjtrorcm kj cms emccktms bmgpckgkjtorams0
pkrsmjocadod y socud, botknmrço dk pkrsmjocadod y
 Dkpkjdkj psabmcònabogkjtk
psabmcònabogkjtk dk mtros
mtros pkrsmjos.
Vkrsmjocadod quk oporkbk
oporkbk kj
k j su BD.
 Rmj ajbopobks dk vockrsk pmr sç gasgos.
8. Kjujbak cms suhsastkgos quk ajtknroj co
 Xkbcogoj oyudo y opmym bmjstojtkgkjtk.
pkrsmjocadod y k`kgpcaeaquk su agpmrtojbao kj co

Rk smgktkj o co outmradod dk ujo m gïs pkrsmjos, socud.
dk cos quk c k rksucto bosa agpmsahck skporo
skpororsk.
rsk.
2. Kcohmrk uj buodrm rksugkj smhrk cos tapmcmnços dk
Kj rkocadod co dkpkjdkjbao smbaoc ks jmrgoc, y co co pkrsmjocadod
pk rsmjocadod otkjdakjdm
otkjdakjdm o0 prkdaspmsabaòj, tapm
ta pm y
ouskjbao tmtoc dk kstms rosnms bmjdubarço oc borobtkrçstabos
ajdavaduocasgm kxtrkgm y co outmsueabakjbao. Tmdm skr
skr 4. Durojtk su prïbtabo dmbkjtk kj co bmgujadod,
lugojm kquacahrodm erkjtk o co agpmsahacadod dk adkjtaeaquk
adk jtaeaquk cms rosnms dk aajtkrás
jtkrás bcçjabm
bcçja bm prkskjtks
prkskjtks kj
kj
sotaseobkr
sotaseobkr pmr sa smcm tmdos
tmdos sus jkbksadodks sk mrno
mrnojazo
jazo gakghrms dk cos eogacaos otkjdados.
smbaocgkjtk,, cuknm k j uj codm
smbaocgkjtk c odm goym
goymrr m gkjmr, hacònabo Voro co rkocazobaòj dk cos torkos 2 y 4 rkvask kc
y psabmcònabogkjtk
psabmcònabogkjtk dkpkjdkj dkc
dk c kseukrzm
kseuk rzm dk mtrms.
mtrms. emc
emcck
cktm
tm Vsabmcmnço Gkdabo ? y kc Tkxtm dk Vsa bmcmnço y
Rocud kj kc BD dkc Gò
Gòducm.
ducm.
Xosnms smbampïtabms
Bmjbcusamjks
Vmr uctagm dkeajagms cms rosnms smbampïtabms dk
pkrsmjocadod, prkskjtks kj pkrsmjos quk  Co pkrsmjocadod ks co mrnojazobaòj, co ajtknrobaòj
lohatuocgkjtk0 gïs bmgpck`o
bmgpck`o y k stohck
stohck dk bmjtkjadms
bmjtkjadms y eujbamjks
psabmcònabos quk ajtkrvakjkj kj co rknucobaòj y
 Uamcoj c os jmrgos
jmrgos smbaocks. outmrrknucobaòj dk bmgpmrtogakjtm.
 Jm takjkj skjtagakjtms dk bucpo dk dkcatms  Co pkrsmjocadod takjk borïbtkr smbamlastòrabm, sk
bmgktadms. bmjstruyk y dksorrmcco o cm cornm dk co vado y kstï
 Vrkskjtoj uj dkskquacahram potmcònab
potmcònabm.
m. dktkrgajodo
dktk rgajodo pmr cms eobtmrks hacònabms,
hac ònabms, psabmcòna bms
y smbaocks.
Ksto dkjmgajobaòj
dkjmgajobaòj sk utacazo e rkbukjtkgkjtk poro cms
 Co agonkj dkc gujdm, co outmagonkj, kc skjtadm
dkskquacahrodms
dksk quacahrodms po
potmcònabms
tmcònabms quk rmgpkj bmj cos poutos
pkrsmjoc y co gmtavobaòj, portabapoj kj co
c o rknucobaò
rknucobaòj
j
kstohckbados pmr co smbakdod, saj prmdubar
prmdubar uj hkjkea bam dk co bmjdubto, ck doj rozòj, skjtadm y gmtavm o co
uctkramr o kcco.
dkbasaòj quk vogms o tmgor.
Vmdkgms pcojtkor
 Kxastkj tapmcmnços quk kxpcaboj bmgm co
pkrsmjocadod prkdaspmjk o co kjekrgkdod m eobacato
kstacms dk vado socudohcks.
socudohcks.
 Kj co obtuocadod pukdkj vkrsk kj kquacahram cms
rosnms ksquazmadks, porojmadks, bmgpucsavms,
smbampïtabms,
smbampïtabms, lastárabms
lastárabms y dkpkjdakjtks, smcm sk
bmjsadkroj potmcònabms buojdm smj kxonkrodms y
octkroj kc o`ustk hampsabmsmbaoc.
hampsabmsmbaoc.